Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [4] But he, paying no heed to either their cries or their lamentations, ordered the lictors to lead the youths away, though they wept and begged and called upon him in the most tender terms. Even this seemed astonishing to everybody, that he did not yield at all to either the entreaties of the citizens or the laments of his sons; but much more astonishing still was his relentlessness with regard to their punishment.

  [5] οὔτε γὰρ ἄλλοθί που συνεχώρησεν ἀπαχθέντας τοὺς υἱοὺς ἔξω τῆς ἁπάντων ὄψεως ἀποθανεῖν, οὔτ᾽ αὐτὸς ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὑπανεχώρησεν, [p. 150] ἕως ἐκεῖνοι κολασθῶσι, τὴν δεινὴν θέαν ἐκτρεπόμενος, οὔτ᾽ ἄνευ προπηλακισμοῦ ἀφῆκεν αὐτοῖς τὴν ἐψηφισμένην ἐκπληρῶσαι μοῖραν: ἀλλὰ πάντα τὰ περὶ τὰς τιμωρίας ἔθη καὶ νόμιμα φυλάττων, ὅσα τοῖς κακούργοις ἀπόκειται παθεῖν, ἐν ἀγορᾷ πάντων ὁρώντων αἰκισθέντας τὰ σώματα πληγαῖς, αὐτὸς ἅπασι τοῖς γιγνομένοις παρών, τότε συνεχώρησε τοὺς αὐχένας τοῖς πελέκεσιν ἀποκοπῆναι.

  [5] For he neither permitted his sons to be led away to any other place and put to death out of sight of the public, nor did he himself, in order to avoid the dreadful spectacle, withdraw from the Forum till after they had been punished; nor did he allow them to undergo the doom pronounced against them without ignominy, but he caused every detail of the punishment established by the laws and customs against malefactors to be observed, and only after they had been scourged in the Forum in the sight of all the citizens, he himself being present when all this was done, did he then allow their heads to be cut off with the axes.

  [6] ὑπὲρ ἅπαντα δὲ τὰ παράδοξα καὶ θαυμαστὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τὸ ἀτενὲς τῆς ὄψεως καὶ ἄτεγκτον ἦν: ὅς γε τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ὅσοι τῷ πάθει παρεγένοντο κλαιόντων μόνος οὔτ᾽ ἀνακλαυσάμενος ὤφθη τὸν μόρον τῶν τέκνων οὔτ᾽ ἀποιμώξας ἑαυτὸν τῆς καθεξούσης τὸν οἶκον ἐρημίας οὔτ᾽ ἄλλο μαλακὸν οὐθὲν ἐνδούς, ἀλλ᾽ ἄδακρύς τε καὶ ἀστένακτος καὶ ἀτενὴς διαμένων εὐκαρδίως ἤνεγκε τὴν συμφοράν. οὕτως ἰσχυρὸς ἦν τὴν γνώμην καὶ βέβαιος τὰ κριθέντα διατηρεῖν καὶ τῶν ἐπιταραττόντων τοὺς λογισμοὺς παθῶν καρτερός.

  [6] But the most extraordinary and the most astonishing part of his behaviour was that he did not once avert his gaze nor shed a tear, and while all the rest who were present at this sad spectacle wept, he was the only person who was observed not to lament the fate of his sons, nor to pity himself for the desolation that was coming upon his house, nor to betray any other signs of weakness, but without a tear, without a groan, without once shifting his gaze, he bore his calamity with a stout heart. So strong of will was he, so steadfast in carrying out the sentence, and so completely the master of all the passions that disturb the reason.

  [1] ἀποκτείνας δὲ τοὺς υἱοὺς εὐθὺς ἐκάλει τοὺς ἀδελφιδοῦς τοῦ συνάρχοντος Ἀκυλλίους, παρ᾽ οἷς αἱ σύνοδοι τῶν κατὰ τῆς πόλεως συνομοσαμένων ἐγένοντο: καὶ τὰς ἐπιστολὰς αὐτῶν ἀναγνῶναι τῷ γραμματεῖ κελεύσας, ὥστε πάντας ἀκούειν τοὺς παρόντας, ἀπολογίαν ἔφησεν αὐτοῖς διδόναι. ὡς δὲ προήχθησαν οἱ νεανίσκοι πρὸς τὸ βῆμα, εἴθ᾽ ὑποθεμένου τινὸς τῶν φίλων εἴτ᾽ αὐτοὶ συμφρονήσαντες τοῖς γόνασι [p. 151] τοῦ θείου προσπίπτουσιν ὡς δι᾽ ἐκείνου σωθησόμενοι.

  [9.1] After he had caused his sons to be put to death, he at once summoned the nephews of his colleague, the Aquilii, at whose house the meetings of the conspirators against the state had been held; and ordering the secretary to read out their letters, that all present might hear them, he told them they might make their defence. When the youths were brought before the tribunal, either acting on the suggestion of one of their friends or having agreed upon it themselves, they threw themselves at the feet of their uncle in hopes of being saved by him.

  [2] κελεύσαντος δὲ τοῦ Βρούτου τοῖς ῥαβδούχοις ἀποσπᾶν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀπάγειν ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον, εἰ μὴ βούλοιντο ἀπολογήσασθαι, μικρὸν ἐπισχεῖν τοῖς ὑπηρέταις ὁ Καλλατῖνος εἰπών, ἕως τῷ συνάρχοντι διαλεχθῇ, λαβὼν τὸν ἄνδρα καταμόνας πολλὰς ἐξέτεινεν ὑπὲρ τῶν μειρακίων δεήσεις: τὰ μὲν ἀπολογούμενος ὡς διὰ νεότητος ἄνοιαν καὶ πονηρὰς φίλων ὁμιλίας εἰς ταύτην ἐμπεσόντων τὴν φρενοβλάβειαν, τὰ δὲ παρακαλῶν ἑαυτῷ χαρίσασθαι τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν συγγενῶν

  [2] And when Brutus ordered the lictors to drag them away and lead them off to death, unless they wished to make a defence, Collatinus, ordering the lictors to forbear a little while till he had talked with his colleague, took him aside and earnestly entreated him to spare the lads, now excusing them on the ground that through the ignorance of their youth and evil associations with friends they had fallen into this madness, and again begging him to grant him as a favour the lives of his kinsmen, the only favour he asked of him and the only trouble he should ever give him, and still again showing him that there was danger that the whole city would be thrown into an uproar if they attempted to punish with death all who were believed to have been working with the exiles for their return, since there were many such and some of them were of no obscure families.

  [3] μίαν αἰτουμένῳ ταύτην τὴν δωρεὰν καὶ περὶ οὐδενὸς ἔτι ἑτέρου ἐνοχλήσοντι, τὰ δὲ διδάσκων, ὅτι συνταραχθῆναι κίνδυνος ὅλην τὴν πόλιν, ἐὰν ἅπαντας ἐπιχειρῶσι θανάτῳ ζημιοῦν τοὺς δόξαντάς τι συμπράττειν τοῖς φυγάσιν ὑπὲρ τῆς καθόδου: πολλοὺς γὰρ εἶναι καὶ οὐκ ἀσήμων οἰκιῶν ἐνίους. ὡς δ᾽ οὐκ ἔπειθε, τελευτῶν ἠξίου μὴ θάνατον, ἀλλὰ μετρίαν κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ὁρίσαι κόλασιν, ἄτοπον εἶναι λέγων τοὺς μὲν τυράννους φυγαῖς ἐζημιῶσθαι, τοὺς δὲ τῶν τυράννων φίλους θανάτῳ. ἀντιλέγοντος δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐπιείκειαν τῆς κολάσεως τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ οὐδ᾽ εἰς ἑτέρους ἀναβαλέσθαι χρόνους τὰς κρίσεις τῶν ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις βουλομένου: τελευταία γὰρ αὕτη τοῦ συνάρχοντος δέησις ἦν: ἀλλ᾽ αὐθημερὸν ἀποκτενεῖν ἅπαντας ἀπειλοῦντος καὶ διομνυμένου, ἀδημονῶν ὁ Κολλατῖνος ἐπὶ τῷ μηδενὸς ὦν ἠξίου τυγχάνειν, Τοιγαροῦν, ἔφησεν, ἐπεὶ σκαιὸς εἶ καὶ πικρὸς ἐγὼ τὰ μειράκια ἀφαιροῦμαι τῆς [p. 152] αὐτῆς ἐξουσίας ἧς σὺ κύριος ὤν. καὶ ὁ Βροῦτος ἐκπικρανθείς, οὐκ ἐμοῦ γ᾽, ἔφη, ζῶντος, ὦ Κολλατῖνε, τοὺς προδότας τῆς πατρίδος ἰσχύσεις ἐξελέσθαι: ἀλλὰ καὶ σὺ δώ
σεις δίκας ἃς προσῆκεν οὐκ εἰς μακράν.

  [3] But being unable to persuade him, he at last asked him not to condemn them to death, but to impose a moderate punishment on them, declaring that it was absurd, after punishing the tyrants with banishment only, to punish the friends of the tyrants with death. And when Brutus opposed even the equitable punishment that he suggested and was unwilling even to put off the trials of the accused (for this was the last request his colleague made), but threatened and swore he would put them all to death that very day, Collatinus, distressed at obtaining naught that he was asking, exclaimed: “Well then, since you are boorish and harsh, I, who possess the same authority as you, set the lads free.” And Brutus, exasperated, replied: “Not while I am alive, Collatinus, shall you be able to free those who are traitors to their country. Nay, but you too shall pay the fitting penalty, and that right soon.”

  [1] ταῦτ᾽ εἰπὼν καὶ φυλακὴν τοῖς μειρακίοις ἐπιστήσας ἐκάλει τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν. πληρωθείσης δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὄχλου: περιβόητον γὰρ ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν ὅλην τὸ περὶ τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ πάθος ἐγεγόνει: προελθών τε καὶ τοὺς ἐντιμοτάτους τῶν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ

  [10] Having said this and stationed a guard over the lads, he called an assembly of the people, and when the Forum was filled with a crowd (for the fate of his sons had been noised abroad through the whole city), he came forward and placing the most distinguished members of the senate near him, spoke as follows:

  [2] 5 παραστησάμενος ἔλεξε τοιάδε: ἐβουλόμην μὲν ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες πολῖται, Κολλατῖνον τουτονὶ τὸν συνάρχοντα περὶ πάντων μοι ταὐτὰ φρονεῖν καὶ μὴ τῷ λόγῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἔργοις μισεῖν τοὺς τυράννους καὶ πολεμεῖν: ἐπεὶ δὲ τἀναντία φρονῶν γέγονέ μοι καταφανὴς καὶ ἔστιν οὐ μόνον τῇ φύσει Ταρκυνίων συγγενής, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ προαιρέσει, διαλλαγάς τε πράττων πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀντὶ τῶν κοινῇ συμφερόντων τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκοπῶν λυσιτελές, αὐτός τε κωλύειν αὐτὸν παρεσκεύασμαι πράττειν ἃ κατὰ νοῦν ἔχει πονηρὰ ὄντα, καὶ ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ τούτῳ παρεκάλεσα: φράσω δ᾽ ὑμῖν πρῶτον μὲν, ἐν οἷς ἐγένετο κινδύνοις τὰ πράγματα τῆς πόλεως, ἔπειτα πῶς αὐτοῖς ἑκάτερος ἡμῶν κέχρηται.

  [2] “I could wish, citizens, that Collatinus, my colleague here, held the same sentiments as I do in everything and that he showed his hatred and enmity towards the tyrants, not by his words only, but by his actions as well. But since it had become clear to me that his sentiments are the opposite of my own and since he is related to the Tarquinii, not alone by blood, but also by inclination, both working for a reconciliation with them and considering his private advantage instead of the public good, I have not only made my own preparations to prevent him from carrying out the mischievous designs he has in mind, but I have also summoned you for this same purpose. I shall inform you, first, of the dangers to which the commonwealth has been exposed and then in what manner each of us has dealt with those dangers.

  [3] τῶν πολιτῶν τινες συνελθόντες εἰς τὴν Ἀκυλλίων οἰκίαν τῶν ἐκ τῆς Κολλατίνου γεγονότων ἀδελφῆς, ἐν οἷς ἦσαν οἵ τ᾽ ἐμοὶ παῖδες ἀμφότεροι καὶ οἱ τῆς γυναικὸς [p. 153] ἀδελφοὶ τῆς ἐμῆς καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς ἅμα τούτοις οὐκ ἀφανεῖς, συνθήκας ἐποιήσαντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ συνώμοσαν ἀποκτείναντες ἐμὲ καταγαγεῖν Ταρκύνιον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν: ἐπιστολάς τε περὶ τούτων γράψαντες αὐτογράφους καὶ ταῖς ἑαυτῶν σφραγῖσι κατασημηνάμενοι πέμπειν πρὸς τοὺς φυγάδας ἔμελλον.

  [3] Some of the citizens, assembling at the house of the Aquilii, who are sons of the sister of Collatinus, among them my two sons and the brothers of my wife, and some others with them, no obscure men, entered into an agreement and conspiracy to kill me and restore Tarquinius to the sovereignty. And having written letters concerning these matters in their own handwriting and sealed them with their own seals, they were intending to send them to the exiles.

  [4] ταῦθ᾽ ἡμῖν θεῶν τινος εὐνοίᾳ καταφανῆ γέγονεν ὑπὸ τοῦδε μηνυθέντα τοῦ ἀνδρός: ἔστι δ᾽ Ἀκυλλίων δοῦλος, παρ᾽ οἷς καταγόμενοι τῇ παρελθούσῃ νυκτὶ τὰς ἐπιστολὰς ἔγραψαν: καὶ τῶν γραμμάτων γεγόναμεν αὐτῶν ἐγκρατεῖς. Τῖτον μὲν οὖν ἐγὼ καὶ Τιβέριον τοὺς ἐμοὺς παῖδας τετιμώρημαι: καὶ οὐδὲν καταλέλυται διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἐπιείκειαν οὔτε νόμος οὔθ᾽ ὅρκος: Ἀκυλλίους δὲ Κολλατῖνος ἀφαιρεῖταί μου καί φησιν οὐκ ἐάσειν ὅμοια τοῖς ἐμοῖς παισὶ βουλεύσαντας τῶν ὁμοίων ἐκείνοις τυχεῖν.

  [4] These things, by the favour of some god, have become known to us through information given by this man — he is a slave belonging to the Aquilii, at whose house they held a session last night and wrote the letters — and the letters themselves have come into our possession. As for Titus and Tiberius, my own sons, I have punished them, and neither the law nor our oath has in any degree been violated through clemency on my part. But Collatinus is trying to take the Aquilii out of my hands and declares that, even though they have taken part in the same counsels as my sons, he will not allow them to meet with the same punishment.

  [5] εἰ δ᾽ οὗτοι μηδεμίαν ὑφέξουσι δίκην, οὐδὲ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τῆς ἐμῆς γυναικὸς οὐδὲ τοὺς ἄλλους προδότας τῆς πατρίδος ἐξέσται μοι κολάσαι. τί γὰρ δὴ δίκαιον πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἕξω λέγειν, ἂν τούτους ἀφῶ; τίνος οὖν ταῦτα μηνύματα τίθεσθε; πότερα τῆς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν εὐνοίας ἢ τῶν πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους διαλλαγῶν, καὶ πότερα τῆς ἐμπεδώσεως τῶν ὅρκων, οὓς ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν ἀρξάμενοι πάντες ὠμόσατε, ἢ τῆς συγχύσεώς τε καὶ ἐπιορκίας;

  [5] But if these are not to suffer any penalty, then it will be impossible for me to punish either the brothers of my wife or the other traitors to their country. For what just charge shall I be able to bring against them if I let these off? Of what, then, do you think these actions of his are indications? Of loyalty to the commonwealth, or of a reconciliation with the tyrants? Of a confirmation of the oaths which you, following us, all took, or of a violation of those oaths, yes, of perjury?

  [6] καὶ εἰ μὲν ἔλαθεν ἡμᾶς, ταῖς ἀραῖς ἔνοχος ἦν ἂν καὶ θεοῖς ὑπέσχεν, οὓς ἐπιώρκει, δίκας: ἐπειδὴ δὲ καταφανὴς γέγονεν, ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν αὐτὸν προσήκει κολασθῆναι, [p. 154] ὅς γ᾽ ὀλίγαις μὲν ἡμέραις πρότερον τὰ χρήματα τοῖς τυράννοις ὑμᾶς ἔπεισεν ἀποδοῦναι, ἵνα μὴ κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἡ πόλις αὐτοῖς ἔχῃ χρῆσθαι πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τῆς πόλεως οἱ ἐχθροί: νῦν δὲ
τοὺς ἐπὶ καθόδῳ τῶν τυράννων συνομοσαμένους ἀφεῖσθαι τῆς τιμωρίας οἴεται δεῖν, ἐκείνοις αὐτοὺς δηλονότι χαριζόμενος, ἵν᾽, ἐὰν ἄρα κατέλθωσιν εἴτ᾽ ἐκ προδοσίας εἴτε πολέμῳ, ταύτας προφερόμενος τὰς χάριτας ἁπάντων ὡς φίλος ὅσων ἂν αἱρῆται παρ᾽ αὐτῶν τυγχάνῃ.

  [6] And if he had escaped discovery by us, he would have been subject to the curses we then invoked and he would have paid the penalty to the gods by whom he had sworn falsely; but since he has been found out, it is fitting that he should be punished by us — this man who but a few days ago persuaded you to restore their possessions to the tyrants, to the end that the commonwealth might not make use of them in the war against our enemies, but that our enemies might use them against the commonwealth. And now he thinks that those who have conspired to restore the tyrants ought to be let off from punishment, with a view no doubt of sparing their lives as a favour to the tyrants, so that, if these should after all return as the result of either treachery or war, he may, by reminding them of these favours, obtain from them, as being a friend, everything that he chooses.

  [7] 6 ἔπειτ᾽ ἐγὼ τῶν ἐμῶν οὐ φεισάμενος τέκνων σοῦ φείσομαι, Κολλατῖνε, ὃς τὸ μὲν σῶμα παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἔχεις, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν παρὰ τοῖς πολεμίοις, καὶ τοὺς μὲν προδότας τῆς πατρίδος σώζεις, ἐμὲ δὲ τὸν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἀγωνιζόμενον ἀποκτενεῖς; πόθεν; πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ: ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα μηδὲν ἔτι τοιοῦτον ἐξεργάσῃ, τὴν μὲν ἀρχὴν ἀφαιροῦμαί σε καὶ πόλιν ἑτέραν κελεύω μεταλαβεῖν: ὑμῖν δ᾽, ὦ πολῖται, ψῆφον ἀναδώσω καλέσας αὐτίκα μάλα τοὺς λόχους, ἵνα διαγνῶσιν, εἰ χρὴ ταῦτ᾽ εἶναι κύρια: εὖ δ᾽ ἴστε ὅτι δυεῖν θάτερον ἢ Κολλατῖνον ἕξοντες ὕπατον ἢ Βροῦτον.