Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] ὧν ἡμεῖς ἀμελήσαντες, ἐπειδὴ τυραννικώτερον ἐχρῶντο ταῖς ἐξουσίαις οὐκ εἰς τὸν δῆμον πλημμελοῦντες, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς ὑμᾶς, δυσανασχετοῦντες ἐπὶ τοῖς γινομένοις τῆς μὲν τῶν βασιλέων εὐνοίας ἀπέστημεν, ὑμῖν δὲ προσεθέμεθα: καὶ συνεπαναστάντες αὐτοῖς μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν οἵ τ᾽ ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου τοὺς μὲν ἐξηλάσαμεν, ὑμῖν δὲ φέροντες ἀνεθήκαμεν τὴν ἐκείνων ἀρχήν. πολλάκις τε γενόμενον ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν μεταθέσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ἐξελασθέντας τὰς μεγάλας δωρεάς, ἃς ὑπέτεινον ἡμῖν, ἵνα δὴ τὸ πρὸς ὑμᾶς πιστὸν ἐγκαταλίπωμεν, οὐχ ὑπεμείναμεν, ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς καὶ μεγάλους καὶ συνεχεῖς πολέμους καὶ κινδύνους δι᾽ ὑμᾶς ἀνηντλήσαμεν: καὶ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἔτος ἑπτακαιδέκατον ἤδη τριβόμεθα πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις μαχόμενοι περὶ τῆς κοινῆς ἐλευθερίας.

  [3] But we disregarded all this when they used their power more in the manner of tyrants to injure, not us, to be sure, but you; and resenting their behaviour, we gave up our affection for our kings and joined you, and rising with you against them, both those of us who were in the city and those in camp, we drove them out, and bringing to you their power, entrusted it to you. And though it was often possible for us to go over to the side of the expelled kings, yet we scorned to accept the lavish gifts they offered us to induce us to violate our pledge to you, but patiently endured many great and continuous wars and dangers on your account. And up to this time, which is the seventeenth year, we have been worn out with fighting against all mankind for our common liberty.

  [4] ἀκαταστάτου μὲν γὰρ ἔτι τῆς πολιτείας [p. 373] οὔσης: οἷα γίγνεσθαι φιλεῖ περὶ τὰς μεταβολὰς τὰς αἰφνιδίως γιγνομένας: δυσὶ ταῖς ἐπιφανεστάταις πόλεσι Τυρρηνῶν, Ταρκυνιήταις τε καὶ Οὐιεντανοῖς κατάγειν βουλομένοις τοὺς βασιλεῖς μεγάλῃ στρατιᾷ, παρακινδυνεύσαντες ὀλίγοι πρὸς πολλοὺς διηγωνίσμεθα, καὶ μεγίστην ἀποδειξάμενοι προθυμίαν τούς τ᾽ ἀντιταχθέντας μάχῃ νικήσαντες ἀπεωσάμεθα, καὶ τῷ περιόντι τῶν ὑπάτων διεσώσαμεν τὴν ἀρχήν.

  [4] For while the government was still unsettled — as often happens in the case of sudden revolutions — we ventured to contend with the two most renowned cities of the Tyrrhenians, Tarquinii and Veii, when they sought with a large army to restore the kings; and fighting, a few against many, and displaying the greatest enthusiasm, we not only overcame and drove back these foes, but preserved the power for the surviving consul.

  [5] οὐ πολλοῖς δὲ χρόνοις ὕστερον Πορσίναν Τυρρηνῶν βασιλέα κατάγειν καὶ αὐτὸν ἀξιοῦντα τοὺς φυγάδας τῇ τ᾽ ἐξ ἁπάσης Τυρρηνίας, ἣν αὐτὸς ἐπήγετο, δυνάμει καὶ ταῖς ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνων ἐκ πολλοῦ συναχθείσαις, οὐκ ἔχοντες ἀξιόμαχον χεῖρα καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κατακλεισθέντες εἰς πολιορκίαν τε καὶ ἀμηχανίαν καὶ παντὸς πράγματος ἀπορίαν, τῷ πάντα ὑπομεῖναι τὰ δεινὰ φίλον γενόμενον ἠναγκάσαμεν ἀπελθεῖν.

  [5] Not long afterwards, when Porsena, king of the Tyrrhenians, was also endeavouring to restore the exiles both with the united forces of all Tyrrhenia commanded by himself and with those which the others had long before raised, we, though unprovided with an adequate army, and for that reason forced to undergo a siege and reduced to the last extremity and to a dearth of everything, yet by enduring all these hardships forced him to depart after first becoming our friend.

  [6] τὰ δὲ τελευταῖα τρίτον κάθοδον τῶν βασιλέων παρασκευασαμένων διὰ τοῦ Λατίνων ἔθνους καὶ τριάκοντα πόλεις ἐπαγομένων, ἀντιβολοῦντας ὑμᾶς ὁρῶντες καὶ ὀλοφυρομένους καὶ ἕνα ἕκαστον ἐπιβοώμενον ἑταιρίας τε καὶ συντροφίας καὶ ὁμαιχμίας ἀναμιμνήσκοντας οὐχ ὑπεμείναμεν ἐγκαταλιπεῖν: ἡγησάμενοι δὲ κάλλιστον εἶναι καὶ λαμπρότατον ἀγῶνα τὸν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ὁμόσε τοῖς δεινοῖς ἐχωρήσαμεν, μέγιστον δὴ κινδύνων ἀναρρίψαντες ἐκεῖνον, ἐν ᾧ πολλὰ μὲν τραύματα λαβόντες, πολλὰ δὲ σώματα συγγενῶν τε [p. 374] καὶ ἑταίρων καὶ ὁμοσκήνων ἀποβαλόντες, ἐνικήσαμεν τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αὐτῶν ἀπεκτείναμεν καὶ τὴν βασιλικὴν συγγένειαν ἅπασαν διεφθείραμεν.

  [6] And last of all, when the kings for the third time sought to effect their restoration with the aid of the Latin nation and brought against us thirty cities, we, seeing you entreating, lamenting, calling upon every one of us, and reminding us of our friendship, our common rearing, and the campaigns we had shared together, could not bear to abandon you. But looking upon it as a most honourable and glorious thing to give your battles, we rushed into the midst of perils and hazarded on that occasion surely the greatest danger of all, in which, after we had received many wounds and lost many of our relations, companions and comrades in arms, we overcame the enemy, killed their generals, and destroyed the whole royal family.

  [1] ἃ μὲν δὴ εἰς τὸ συνελευθερῶσαι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τῶν τυράννων παρεσχόμεθα ὑπὲρ δύναμιν διὰ τὸ ἑαυτῶν πρόθυμον, οὐχ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀναγκαίου μᾶλλον εἰς αὐτὸ καταστάντες ἢ ὑπ᾽ ἀρετῆς, ταῦτ᾽ ἐστιν. ἃ δ᾽ εἰς τὸ τιμᾶσθαί τε καὶ ἄρχειν ἑτέρων δυναστείαν τε περιβαλέσθαι μείζω ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς δόκησιν ἀκούσατε, καὶ ὅπως, ἐάν τι παρατρέψω τὸν λόγον ἔξω τοῦ ἀληθοῦς, ὥσπερ καὶ ἀρχόμενος εἶπον, ἐναντιώσεσθέ

  [75.1] “These are the services we rendered to assist you in freeing yourselves from the tyrants, exerting ourselves beyond our strength because of our enthusiasm, and engaging in the struggle quite as much through the promptings of our own valour as because of necessity. Now hear what we have done to gain for you the respect of and the rule over others, and to acquire for you a power greater than was at first expected; and, as I said before, if I deviate from the truth, you will contradict me.

  [2] μοι. ὑμῖν γὰρ ἐπειδὴ τὸ ἀσφαλὲς τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἔδοξεν εἶναι βέβαιον, οὐκ ἀπέχρησεν ἐπὶ τούτου μένειν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸ τολμᾶν καὶ νεωτεροποιεῖν ὁρμήσαντες, ἐχθρὸν δ᾽ ἴσως ἅπαν ἡγούμενοι τὸ περιεχόμενον ἐλευθερίας, καὶ μικροῦ δεῖν πρὸς ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους πόλεμον ἀναδείξαντες, εἰς ἅπαντα τὰ κινδυνεύματα καὶ τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς πλεονεξίας ταύτης ἀγῶνας τοῖς ἡμετέροις ᾤεσθε δεῖν καταχρῆσθαι σώμασιν.

  [2] For you, when it seemed that your li
berty was firmly assured, were not contented to stop there, but intent upon bold and new undertakings, and regarding as a possible enemy every creature who clung to liberty, and declaring war against almost all the world, in all the perils and in all the battles fought to support that greed for power you thought fit to waste our bodies.

  [3] ὅσας μὲν οὖν πόλεις κατὰ μίαν καὶ δύο πολεμούσας ὑμῖν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας, τὰς μὲν ἐκ παρατάξεως χειρωσάμενοι, τὰς δὲ τειχομαχίαις ἑλόντες ὑπηκόους ἐποιήσαμεν, ἐῶ. τί γὰρ δεῖ κατὰ μικρὸν λέγειν τὰς πράξεις τοσαύτην ἔχοντας λόγων ἀφθονίαν; ἀλλὰ Τυρρηνίαν ἅπασαν εἰς δώδεκα νενεμημένην ἡγεμονίας καὶ πολλῇ μὲν τῇ κατὰ γῆν, πολλῇ δὲ τῇ κατὰ θάλατταν δυναστείᾳ περιουσιάζουσαν, [p. 375] τίνες ἦσαν οἱ συγκατακτησάμενοι καὶ ποιήσαντες αὐτὴν ὑμῖν ὑπήκοον; Σαβίνους δὲ τουτουσὶ ἔθνος τηλικοῦτον, οἷς διὰ παντὸς ὁ περὶ τῶν πρωτείων πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἦν ἀγών, ποία παρέσχεν ὑμῖν βοήθεια μηκέτι διαμιλλᾶσθαι περὶ τῶν ἴσων; τί δέ; τὰς τῶν Λατίνων τριάκοντα πόλεις, οὐ μόνον δυνάμεως μεγέθει ἐπαιρομένας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαιότερα ἀξιοῦν μεγάλα φρονούσας, τίνες ἦσαν οἱ καταδουλωσάμενοι καὶ παρασχόντες ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ καὶ κατασκαφῆς τῶν πόλεων δεομένας καταφυγεῖν ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς;

  [3] I say nothing of all the cities that sometimes singly, sometimes two jointly, fought with you in defence of their liberty, some of which we overcame in pitched battles and others we took by storm and compelled them to become subjects to you. For what need is there to relate these actions in detail when we have such an abundance of material? But who were they who assisted you in acquiring and subjecting to you all Tyrrhenia, a country divided into twelve principalities and exceeding powerful on both land and sea? Whose assistance rendered the Sabines, this powerful nation which had ever contended with you for the primacy, unable any longer to contend for equality? And again, who subdued the thirty cities of the Latins, which not only gloried in the superiority of their forces but prided themselves on the superior justice of their demands? And who compelled them to fly to you imploring you to prevent their enslavement and the razing of their cities?

  [1] ἐῶ τἆλλα, ὅσα οὔπω διαστασιάζοντες πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ αὐτοί μέν γε μεταποιούμενοι τῶν ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐλπίδων συνεκινδυνεύσαμεν ὑμῖν. ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδὴ φανερῶς ἤδη τυραννίδα περιβεβλημένοι τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ ἡμῖν ὥσπερ δούλοις παραχρώμενοι ἐξηλέγχθητε, ἡμεῖς τ᾽ οὐκέτι ὅμοιοι ταῖς πρὸς ὑμᾶς διανοίαις διαμένοντες, ἐν δὲ τούτῳ καὶ τὰ ὑπήκοα ὀλίγου δεῖν πάντα ἐπανίστατο, ἀρξάντων μὲν τῆς ἀποστάσεως Οὐολούσκων, ἀκολουθησάντων δ᾽ αὐτοῖς Αἰκανῶν Ἑρνίκων Σαβίνων ἄλλων συχνῶν, ἐδόκει τε οἷος οὐχ ἕτερος εἶναι καιρός, εἰ βουλομένοις ἡμῖν ἦν, δυεῖν ἐξεργάσασθαι θάτερον, ἢ καταλύσασθαι τὴν ἀρχὴν ὑμῶν ἢ πρὸς τὸ λοιπὸν ἀποδεῖξαι μετριωτέραν, ἆρα μέμνησθε, εἰς οἵαν ἀπόγνωσιν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἤλθετε καὶ ὡς ἐν παντὶ δὴ ἀθυμίας [p. 376] ἐγένεσθε, εἴτε μὴ συναρούμεθα τῶν ἀγώνων ὑμῖν, εἴτε ὀργῇ ἐφέντες ὡς τοὺς πολεμίους τρεψόμεθα, καὶ ὅσας δεήσεις καὶ ὑποσχέσεις ἐποιήσασθε;

  [76.1] “I omit the other dangers in which we engaged along with you while we were not yet at odds with you and indeed laid claim ourselves to some share of the expected profits of empire. But when at last it was clear that the empire that you had gained was a tyranny, that you abused us like slaves, and that we no longer continued to entertain the same feelings towards you, and when almost all your subjects revolted, the Volscians setting the example, which was followed by the Aequians, the Hernicans, the Sabines, and many others, and a unique opportunity seemed to offer itself, if we chose to take advantage of it, to accomplish one of two things, either to overthrow your empire or to render it more moderate for the future, do you remember into what despair of your domination you fell and how you were in the last stage of discouragement lest we should either not assist you in the war or, indulging in our resentment, should go over to the enemy, and what entreaties and promises you made?

  [2] τί οὖν οἱ ταπεινοὶ καὶ πρὸς ὑμῶν ὑβρισμένοι τότε ἐποιήσαμεν; ἡττηθέντες τῶν δεήσεων καὶ πεισθέντες ταῖς ὑποσχέσεσιν, αἷς ὁ βέλτιστος οὑτοσὶ Σερουίλιος ὑπατεύων τότε πρὸς τὸν δῆμον ἐποιήσατο, οὐθὲν μὲν ἐμνησικακήσαμεν ὑμῖν τῶν πάλαι, χρηστὰ δὲ περὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος ἐλπίσαντες χρόνου, παρέσχομεν ὑμῖν ἑαυτούς, καὶ πάντα τὰ πολέμια ἐν ὀλίγῳ κατεργασάμενοι χρόνῳ παρῆμεν ἄγοντες αἰχμαλώτους πολλοὺς καὶ λείας καλάς.

  [2] What did we, the humble folk who had been treated outrageously by you, do then? We allowed ourselves to be overcome by the entreaties and prevailed upon by the promises which the excellent Servilius here, who was consul at the time, made to the people, and retained no resentment against you for the wrongs of the past, but conceiving good hopes of the future, we entrusted ourselves to you; and having subdued all your enemies in a short time, we returned with many prisoners and rich spoils.

  [3] ἀνθ᾽ ὧν τίνας ἡμῖν χάριτας ἀπεδώκατε; ἆρά γε δικαίας καὶ τῶν κινδύνων ἀξίας; πόθεν; πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ. ἐψεύσασθε μέν γε καὶ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, ἃς ἐκελεύσατε τὸν ὕπατον ὑπὲρ τοῦ κοινοῦ ποιήσασθαι, αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν ἄνδρα τουτονὶ τὸν βέλτιστον, ᾧ κατεχρήσασθε πρὸς τὸν φενακισμόν, ἄμοιρον ἐποιήσατε τοῦ θριάμβου πάντων μάλιστ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἄξιον ὄντα τῆς τιμῆς ταύτης τυχεῖν, οὐκ ἐξ ἄλλου τινὸς προσθέντες αὐτῷ τὴν ὕβριν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ὑμᾶς ὡς ὑπέσχεσθε ἠξίου καὶ ἀγανακτῶν ἐπὶ τῷ φενακισμῷ δῆλος ἦν.

  [3] For these services what return did you make to us? One that was just and worthy of the dangers to which we had exposed ourselves? No, indeed; far from it! Why, you violated even the promises which you had ordered the consul to make to us in the name of the commonwealth; and this excellent man himself, whom you had basely used to trick us, you deprived of his triumph, though he of all men most deserved that honour, and you attached this disgrace to him for no other reason than because he asked you to perform the act of justice that you had promised and made it clear that he resented your deceit.

  [1] ἔναγχος δὲ δὴ τοῦ χρόνου: τουτὶ γὰρ ἔτι προσθεὶς τῷ περὶ τοῦ δικαίου λόγῳ παύσομαι: ὅθ᾽ ὑμῖν Αἰκανοί τε καὶ Σαβῖνοι καὶ Οὐολοῦσκοι μιᾷ [p. 377] γνώμῃ χρησά�
�ενοι αὐτοί τ᾽ ἐπανίσταντο καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους παρεκάλουν, οὐκ ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἠναγκάσθητε καταφυγεῖν τοὺς ταπεινοὺς καὶ φαύλους οἱ σεμνοὶ καὶ βαρεῖς, πάντα ὑπισχνούμενοι ὑπὲρ τῆς τότε σωτηρίας; καὶ ἵνα μὴ ἐξαπατᾶν ἡμᾶς αὖθις δοκῆτε, ὃ πολλάκις ἐποιήσατε, προκάλυμμα τῆς ἀπάτης Μάνιον Οὐαλέριον τουτονὶ τὸν φιλοδημότατον ἄνδρα εὕρεσθε: ᾧ πιστεύσαντες ἡμεῖς ὡς οὐκ ἂν ὑπὸ δικτάτορός τε καὶ ταῦτα χρηστοῦ περὶ ἡμᾶς ἀνδρὸς φενακισθησόμενοι συνηράμεθα ὑμῖν καὶ τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἐνικῶμεν οὐ μικροὺς οὐδ᾽ ὀλίγους οὐδ᾽ ἀφανεῖς ἀγῶνας ὑπομείναντες.

  [77.1] “And just recently (for I shall add this one more instance to that part of my discourse which relates to justice before I make an end), when the Aequians, the Sabines, and the Volscians with one accord not only rose against you themselves, but invited others to do likewise, were not you, the proud and stern, obliged to fly to us, the mean and despised, and to promise everything in order to secure your safety at that time? And that you might not seem to be intending to deceive us again, as you had often done before, you made use of Manius Valerius here, the greatest friend of the people, as a cover for your deceit; confiding in whom and believing ourselves in no danger of being imposed upon by a dictator, and least of all by a man who had treated us well, we assisted you in this war also, and having fought not a few battles, and those neither inconsiderable nor obscure, we overcame your enemies.