Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] These children, accordingly, forsaking the houses of their fathers, were brought up in the country like slaves, serving the murderers of their fathers. And to the end that no noble or manly spirit might spring up in any of the rest of the citizens, he resolved to make effeminate by means of their upbringing all the youths who were being reared in the city, and with that view he suppressed the gymnasiums and the practice of arms and changed the manner of life previously followed by the children.

  [4] κομᾶν τε γὰρ τοὺς ἄρρενας ὥσπερ τὰς παρθένους ἐκέλευσεν ἐξανθιζομένους καὶ βοστρυχιζομένους καὶ κεκρυφάλοις τὰς πλοκαμίδας ἀναδοῦντας ἐνδύεσθαί τε ποικίλους καὶ ποδήρεις χιτωνίσκους, καὶ χλανιδίοις ἀμπέχεσθαι λεπτοῖς καὶ μαλακοῖς, καὶ δίαιταν ἔχειν ὑπὸ σκιαῖς: ἠκολούθουν τ᾽ αὐτοῖς εἰς τὰ διδασκαλεῖα τῶν ὀρχηστῶν καὶ αὐλητῶν καὶ τῶν παραπλησίων τούτοις μουσοκολάκων παραπορευόμεναι παιδαγωγοὶ γυναῖκες σκιάδεια καὶ ῥιπίδας κομίζουσαι, καὶ ἔλουον αὐτοὺς αὗται κτένας εἰς τὰ βαλανεῖα φέρουσαι καὶ μύρων ἀλαβάστρους καὶ κάτοπτρα.

  [4] For he ordered the boys to wear their hair long like the girls, to adorn it with flowers, to keep it curled and to bind up the tresses with hair-nets, to wear embroidered robes that reached down to their feet, and, over these, thin and soft mantles, and to pass their lives in the shade. And when they went to the schools kept by dancing-masters, flute-players and others who, like these, pay court to the Muses, their governesses attended them, taking along parasols and fans; and these women bathed them, carrying into the baths combs, alabaster pots filled with perfumes, and looking-glasses.

  [5] τοιαύτῃ διαφθείρων ἀγωγῇ τοὺς παῖδας, ἕως ἐκπληρώσωσιν εἰκοστὸν ἔτος, τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦδε χρόνον εἰς ἄνδρας εἴα τελεῖν. πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα Κυμαίοις ἐνυβρίσας καὶ λωβησάμενος καὶ οὔτ᾽ ἀσελγείας οὔτ᾽ ὠμότητος οὐδεμιᾶς ἀποσχόμενος, ὅτ᾽ ἀσφαλῶς κατέχειν ὑπελάμβανε τὴν τυραννίδα, γηραιὸς ὢν ἤδη δίκας ἔτισεν οὐ μεμπτὰς θεοῖς τε καὶ ἀνθρώποις πρόρριζος ἀπολόμενος. [p. 16]

  [5] By such training he continued to enervate the youth till they had completed their twentieth year, and from that time permitted them to be considered as men. Having by these and many other methods abused and insulted the Cumaeans without refraining from any kind of lust or cruelty, when he thought himself secure in the possession of the tyranny, being now grown old, he was punished to the satisfaction of both gods and men and extirpated with all his family.

  [1] οἱ δ᾽ ἐπαναστάντες αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐλευθερώσαντες ἀπὸ τῆς τυραννίδος οἱ παῖδες τῶν πεφονευμένων ὑπ᾽ αὺτοῦ πολιτῶν ἦσαν, οὕς κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς ἅπαντας ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ προελόμενος ἐπέσχεν, ὥσπερ ἔφην, ὑπὸ τῶν σωματοφυλάκων, οἷς ἔδωκε τὰς μητέρας αὐτῶν, ἐκλιπαρηθείς, καὶ κατ᾽ ἀγροὺς κελεύσας διατρίβειν.

  [10.1] Those who rose against him and freed their country from his tyranny were the sons of the citizens he had murdered, all of whom he had at first resolved to put to death in one day, but being prevailed upon by the entreaties of his bodyguards, to whom he had given their mothers, had refrained, as I said,

  [2] ὀλίγοις δ᾽ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον, ἐπειδὴ τὰς κώμας διεξιὼν πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθὴν εἶδεν αὐτῶν νεότητα, δείσας, μὴ συμφρονήσαντες ἐπαναστῶσιν αὐτῷ, φθάσαι διαχειρισάμενος ἅπαντας ἐβούλετο, πρὶν αἰσθέσθαι τινά: καὶ παραλαβὼν τοὺς φίλους ἐσκόπει μετ᾽ αὐτῶν, δι᾽ οἵου τρόπου ῥᾷστά τε καὶ τάχιστα λαθόντες ἀναιρεθήσονται.

  [2] and ordered them to live in the country. A few years later, as he was making a progress through the villages, he saw a large number of these youths, who made a brave appearance; and fearing they might conspire together and rise against him, he purposed to forestall them by putting them all to death before any one should be aware of his intention. Assembling his friends, accordingly, he considered with them how the youths might most easily and speedily be put to death in secret.

  [3] τοῦτο καταμαθόντες οἱ παῖδες, εἴτε μηνυθὲν ὑπὸ τῶν συνειδότων τινός, εἴτ᾽ αὐτοὶ κατὰ τὸν ἐκ τῶν εἰκότων λογισμὸν ὑποτοπήσαντες, φεύγουσιν εἰς τὰ ὄρη τὸν γεωργικὸν ἁρπάσαντες σίδηρον. ἧκον δ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἐπίκουροι κατὰ τάχος ἐνδιατρίβοντες ἐν Καπύῃ Κυμαίων φυγάδες, ὧν ἦσαν ἐπιφανέστατοί τε καὶ πλείστους Καμπανῶν ἔχοντες ξένους οἱ Ἱππομέδοντος παῖδες τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Τυρρηνικὸν ἱππαρχήσαντος πόλεμον, αὐτοί θ᾽ ὡπλισμένοι κἀκείνοις κομίζοντες ὅπλα Καμπανῶν τε μισθοφόρων καὶ φίλων χεῖρα συγκροτήσαντες οὐκ ὀλίγην.

  [3] The youths, being apprised of this, either by the information of some person who was acquainted with his purpose, or suspecting it themselves by reasoning from probabilities, fled to the mountains, taking with them the iron implements they used in husbandry. They were speedily joined by the Cumaean exiles who resided in Capua, most distinguished of whom and possessing the largest number of friends among the Campanians were the sons of Hippomedon, who had been commander of the horse in the war against the Tyrrhenians. These were not only well armed themselves, but also brought with them arms for the youths as well as a goodly band of Campanian mercenaries and of their own friends which they had raised.

  [4] ἐπεὶ δὲ καθ᾽ ἓν ἅπαντες ἐγένοντο, τοὺς ἀγροὺς τῶν ἐχθρῶν καταθέοντες ἐφόδοις λῃστρικαῖς ἐλεηλάτουν καὶ τοὺς δούλους ἀφίστασαν ἀπὸ τῶν [p. 17] δεσποτῶν καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν δεσμωτηρίων λύοντες καθώπλιζον, καὶ ὅσα μὴ δύναιντο φέρειν τε καὶ ἄγειν χρήματα ματα καὶ βοσκήματα τὰ μὲν ἐνεπίμπρασαν, τὰ δὲ κατέσφαττον. ἀπορουμένῳ δὲ τῷ τυράννῳ, τίνα χρὴ

  [4] When they had all united, they made descents after the manner of brigands and plundered the lands of their enemies, lured the slaves away from their masters, released the men confined in prisons and armed them, and whatever they could not carry or drive off they either burnt or killed.

  [5] τρόπον αὐτοῖς πολεμεῖν διὰ τὸ μήτ᾽ ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὰς ἐπιχειρήσεις αὐτοὺς ποιεῖσθαι μήτ᾽ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς χρονίζειν τόποις, ἀλλὰ νυκτὶ μὲν εἰς ὄρθρον, ἡμέρᾳ δ᾽ εἰς νύκτα συμμετρεῖσθαι τὰς ἐφόδους, καὶ πολλάκις ἀποστείλαντι τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν τῆς χώρας διὰ κενῆς, παραγίνεταί τις ἐξ αὐτῶν ᾐκισμένος τὸ σῶμα μάστιξιν ἀποσταλεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν φυγάδων ὡς αὐτόμολος, ὃς
ἄδειαν αἰτησάμενος ὑπέσχετο τῷ τυράννῳ παραλαβὼν τὴν ἀποσταλησομένην σὺν αὐτῷ δύναμιν ἄξειν ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον, ἐν ᾧ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἔμελλον αὐλίζεσθαι νύκτα οἱ φυγάδες.

  [5] While the tyrant was at a loss to know in what manner he ought to make war upon them, because they neither made their attempts openly nor stayed long in the same places, but timed their raids either from the fall of night to the break of day or from daybreak to nightfall, and after he had often sent out the soldiers to the relief of the country in vain, one of the fugitives, sent by the rest in the guise of a deserter, came to him, his body torn with whips, and after suing for impunity, promised the tyrant to conduct any troops he should think fit to send with him to the place where the fugitives proposed to encamp the following night.

  [6] ᾧ πιστεῦσαι προαχθεὶς ὁ τύραννος αἰτοῦντι οὐθὲν καὶ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα ὅμηρον παρεχομένῳ πέμπει τοὺς πιστοτάτους τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἄγοντας ἱππεῖς τε πολλοὺς καὶ τὴν μισθοφόρον δύναμιν, οἷς ἐνετείλατο μάλιστα μὲν ἅπαντας τοὺς φυγάδας, εἰ δὲ μή γ᾽ ὡς πλείστους ἐξ αὐτῶν δήσαντας πρὸς αὐτὸν ἄγειν. ὁ μὲν οὖν κατασκευαστὸς αὐτόμολος κατά τ᾽ ἀτριβεῖς ὁδοὺς καὶ διὰ δρυμῶν ἐρήμων ἦγε τὴν στρατιὰν ταλαιπωροῦσαν δι᾽ ὅλης νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὰ πλεῖστον ἀπέχοντα τῆς πόλεως μέρη.

  [6] The tyrant, being induced to trust this man, who asked nothing and offered his own person as a hostage, sent his most trusted commanders at the head of a large number of horse and the band of mercenaries with orders to bring to him in chains all the fugitives if they could, otherwise as many of them as possible. The pretended deserter then led the army during the whole night through untrodden paths and lonely woods, where they suffered greatly, till they came to the regions that were most remote from the city.

  [1] οἱ δ᾽ ἀποστάται τε καὶ φυγάδες ἐν τῷ περὶ τὸν Ἄορνον ὄρει πλησίον ὄντι τῆς πόλεως λοχῶντες, [p. 18] ὡς ἔμαθον ἐξεληλυθυῖαν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τὴν τοῦ τυράννου στρατιὰν συνθήμασι μηνυθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τῶν σκοπῶν, πέμπουσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν περὶ ἑξήκοντα μάλιστα τοὺς εὐτολμοτάτους διφθέρας ἔχοντας καὶ φακέλλους φρυγάνων κομίζοντας.

  [11.1] In the meantime the rebels and fugitives, who lay in ambush on the mountain which lies near Lake Avernus and not far from Cumae, when they learned from the signals made by their scouts that the tyrant’s army had marched out of the city, sent thither about sixty of the most resolute of their number, clad in goatskins and carrying faggots of brushwood.

  [2] οὗτοι περὶ λύχνων ἁφὰς ἄλλοι κατ᾽ ἄλλας πύλας ὡς χερνῆται παρεισπεσόντες ἔλαθον: ὡς δ᾽ ἔνδον ἐγένοντο τοῦ τείχους ἐξελκύσαντες ἐκ τῶν φακέλλων ἃ κατέκρυπτον ξίφη, καὶ συνελθόντες εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν ἅπαντες τόπον ἔπειτ᾽ ἐκεῖθεν ὁρμήσαντες ἀθρόοι πρὸς τὰς ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄορνον φερούσας πύλας τούς τε φύλακας αὐτῶν ἀποκτείνουσι κοιμωμένους καὶ τοὺς σφετέρους ἅπαντας ἤδη τοῦ τείχους πλησίον ὄντας ἀναπεπταμέναις ταῖς πύλαις ὑποδέχονται, καὶ τοῦτο πράξαντες ἔλαθον.

  [2] These men contrived to steal into the city by various gates about the time for lighting the lamps, being taken for labourers and thus escaping detection. Once inside the walls, they drew out the swords they had concealed in the faggots and all met in one place. And proceeding thence in a body to the gate that led to Lake Avernus, they killed the guards while they were asleep, and, all their own force, having by this time arrived near the walls, they opened the gates and received them into the city. All this they did without being discovered.

  [3] ἔτυχε γὰρ ἐκείνῃ τῇ νυκτὶ ἑορτή τις οὖσα δημοτελής, καὶ δι᾽ αὐτὴν ἅπας ὁ κατὰ πόλιν ὄχλος ἐν πότοις ὢν καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις εὐπαθείαις. τοῦτο παρέσχεν αὐτοῖς κατὰ πολλὴν ἄδειαν ἁπάσας διελθεῖν τὰς ἐπὶ τὴν τυραννικὴν οἰκίαν φερούσας ὁδούς: καὶ οὐδὲ παρὰ ταῖς θύραις πολλήν τινα καὶ ἐγρηγορυῖαν εὗρον φυλακήν, ἀλλὰ κἀνταῦθα τοὺς μὲν ἤδη καθεύδοντας, τοὺς δὲ μεθύοντας ἀποσφάξαντες δίχα πόνου καὶ κατὰ πλῆθος εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ὠσάμενοι, τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἅπαντας οὔτε τῶν σωμάτων ἔτι κρατοῦντας οὔτε τῶν φρενῶν διὰ τὸν οἶνον προβάτων δίκην κατέσφαξαν: τὸν δ᾽ [p. 19] Ἀριστόδημον καὶ τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην συγγένειαν συλλαβόντες ἄχρι πολλῆς νυκτὸς αἰκιζόμενοί τε καὶ στρεβλοῦντες καὶ πᾶσιν ὡς εἰπεῖν λυμαινόμενοι κακοῖς ἀπέκτειναν.

  [3] For that night there happened to be a public festival; hence the whole population of the city was occupied in drinking and other pleasures. This afforded the fugitives an opportunity of marching through all the streets that led to the tyrant’s palace without meeting any opposition; and even at the palace doors they did not find any considerable number of guards on the alert, but here also some were already asleep and others drunk, and these they killed without any difficulty. Then, rushing into the palace in a body, they found all the rest no longer masters of either their bodies or their wits because of wine, and they cut their throats as if they were so many sheep. And having seized Aristodemus himself with his children and the rest of his relations, they tore their bodies with whips and tortures until late in the night, and after inflicting on them almost every kind of punishment they put them to death.

  [4] ἀνελόντες δὲ τὴν τυραννικὴν οἰκίαν πρόρριζον, ὡς μήτε παιδία μήτε γυναῖκας μήτε συγγένειαν μηθενὸς αὐτῶν καταλιπεῖν καὶ δι᾽ ὅλης νυκτὸς ἅπαντας ἐξερευνησάμενοι τοὺς συνεργοὺς τῆς τυραννίδος ἡμέρας γενομένης προῆλθον εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν. ἔπειτα συγκαλέσαντες τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἀποτίθενται τὰ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν πάτριον καθίστανται πολιτείαν.

  [4] Having wiped out the whole family of the tyrant, so as to leave neither children, wives, nor anyone related to them, and having spent the whole night in hunting down all the abetters of the tyranny, as soon as it was day, they proceeded to the forum. Then, calling the people together, they laid down their arms and restored the traditional government.

  [1] ἐπὶ τοῦτον δὴ τὸν Ἀριστόδημον ἔτος ὁμοῦ τι τεσσαρεσκαιδέκατον ἤδη τυραννοῦντα Κύμης οἱ σὺν Ταρκυνίῳ φυγάδες καθιστάμενοι τὴν κατὰ τῆς πατρίδος ἐβούλοντο συντελέσασθαι δίκην. οἱ δὲ πρέσβεις τῶν Ῥωμαίων τέως μὲν ἀντέλεγον, ὡς οὔτ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἥκοντες τὸν ἀγῶνα οὔτ᾽ ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντες, ἣν οὐκ ἐπέτρεψεν
αὐτοῖς ἡ βουλὴ περὶ τῆς πόλεως ἀπολογήσασθαι δίκην.

  [12.1] It was before this Aristodemus, then, when he had already reigned as tyrant of Cumae close to fourteen years, that the Roman exiles with Tarquinius presented themselves, asking him to decide their cause against the country. The Roman ambassadors opposed this for some time, alleging that they had not come to enter into a contest of this sort and had no authority to plead the cause for the commonwealth since the senate had entrusted no such power to them.

  [2] ὡς δ᾽ οὐθὲν ἐπέραινον, ἀλλ᾽ ἐγκεκλικότα τὸν τύραννον ἑώρων ἐπὶ θάτερα μέρη διὰ τὰς σπουδὰς καὶ τὰς παρακλήσεις τῶν φυγάδων, αἰτησάμενοι χρόνον εἰς ἀπολογίαν, καὶ διεγγυήσαντες τὰ σώματα χρημάτων ἐν τῷ διὰ μέσου τῆς δίκης οὐθενὸς ἔτι φυλάττοντος αὐτοὺς ἀποδράντες ᾤχοντο. θεράποντας δ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῇ σιτωνίᾳ κομισθέντα χρήματα ὁ τύραννος κατέσχε.