[1] ταῦτα καὶ τὰ παραπλήσια τούτοις εἰπὼν ἐπαύσατο. τῶν δὲ βουλευτῶν οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀνιστάμενοι πλὴν ὀλίγων οἱ λοιποὶ ταύτῃ προσέθεντο τῇ [p. 89] γνώμῃ. καὶ ἐπειδὴ τὸ προβούλευμα ἔδει γράφεσθαι, λόγον αἰτησάμενος ὁ Μάρκιος εἶπεν: οἷος μέν, ὦ βουλή, πρὸς τὰ κοινὰ ἐγὼ γέγονα, καὶ ὡς διὰ τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς εὔνοιαν εἰς τοῦτον τὸν κίνδυνον ἐλήλυθα, καὶ ὅτι παρὰ γνώμην ἀπήντηταί μοι τὰ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν, ἅπαντες ἴστε καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον εἴσεσθε, ὅταν τὰ κατ᾽ ἐμὲ
[57.1] After he had said this and other things to the same purport, he ended. And the rest of the senators who rose up after him, except a few, concurred in his opinion. When the preliminary decree of the senate was to be drawn up, Marcius, asking leave to speak, said: “You all know, senators, how I have acted with regard to the commonwealth, and that it is because of my goodwill toward you that I have come into this danger, and furthermore that your behaviour toward me has been contrary to my expectation; and you will know this even better when the action against me has ended.
[2] σχῇ τέλος. ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἡ Οὐαλερίου γνώμη νικᾷ, συνενέγκειε μὲν ταῦτα ὑμῖν, καὶ γενοίμην ἐγὼ κακὸς εἰκαστὴς τῶν ἐσομένων. ἵνα δὲ καὶ ὑμεῖς οἱ τὸ προβούλευμα γράφοντες εἰδῆτε ἐφ᾽ οἷς παραδιδόναι με τῷ δήμῳ μέλλετε, κἀγὼ μὴ ἀγνοῶ, περὶ τίνος ἀγωνιοῦμαι, κελεύσατε δὴ τοὺς δημάρχους εἰπεῖν ἐναντίον ὑμῶν, τί τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστιν, ἐφ᾽ οὗ μέλλουσί μου κατηγορεῖν, καὶ ποταπὸν ὄνομα ἐπιγράψουσι τῇ δίκῃ.
[2] However, since the opinion of Valerius prevails, may these measures prove of advantage to you and may I prove a poor judge of future events. But in order not only that you who are to draw up the decree may know upon what terms you going to deliver me up to the people, but that I also may not fail to know on what charge I am to defend myself, pray order the tribunes to declare in your presence what the crime is of which they intend to accuse me and what title they propose to give to the cause.”
[1] ὁ μὲν δὴ ταῦτ᾽ ἔλεγε δοκῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις, οἷς εἶπεν ἐν τῇ βουλῇ, τὴν δίκην ὑφέξειν, καὶ βουλόμενος ὁμολογῆσαι τοὺς δημάρχους, ὅτι ταύτης ἕνεκα τῆς αἰτίας μέλλουσιν αὐτοῦ κατηγορεῖν. οἱ δὲ δήμαρχοι βουλευσάμενοι κατὰ σφᾶς τυραννίδι ἐπιβουλεύειν αὐτὸν ᾐτιάσαντο καὶ πρὸς ταύτην ἐκέλευον ἥκειν τὴν αἰτίαν ἀπολογησόμενον, οὐ βουλόμενοι τὸ ἔγκλημα εἰς μίαν αἰτίαν κατακλεῖσαι καὶ ταύτην οὔτ᾽ ἰσχυρὰν οὔτε τῇ βουλῇ κεχαρισμένην, ἀλλ᾽ ἑαυτοῖς τε πράττοντες ἐξουσίαν ὅσα βούλονται ἐγκαλεῖν, καὶ βοήθειαν ἀφαιρήσεσθαι τοῦ Μαρκίου τὴν ἐκ τῶν συνέδρων οἰόμενοι. καὶ ὁ Μάρκιος εἶπεν: ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι, εἰ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ γε κριθήσομαι τῇ διαβολῇ, δίδωμι ἐμαυτὸν ὑπόδικον τοῖς [p. 90] δημόταις, καὶ μηδὲν ἔστω τὸ κωλῦον γράφεσθαι τὸ
[58.1] He said this in the belief that he was to be tried for the words he had spoken in the senate, and also from a desire that the tribunes should acknowledge that they intend to accuse him on this charge. But the tribunes, after consulting together, charged him with aiming at tyranny and ordered him to come prepared to make his defence against that charge. For they were unwilling to confine their accusation to a single point, and that neither a strong one in itself nor acceptable to the senate, but were scheming to obtain for themselves the authority to bring any charges they wished against Marcius, and were expecting to deprive him of the assistance of the senators. Thereupon Marcius said: “Very well, if this is the charge on which I am to be tried, I submit myself to the judgment of the plebeians; and let there be nothing to prevent the drawing up of the preliminary decree.”
[2] προβούλευμα. ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν συνέδρων ἀσμένοις ἐπὶ τούτῳ γενέσθαι τῷ ἐγκλήματι τὴν δίκην κατ᾽ ἀμφότερα, καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἔσται τὸ λέγειν ἃ φρονεῖ τις ἐν τοῖς συνέδροις ὑπαίτιον, καὶ ὅτι ῥᾳδίως ἀπολύσεται τὴν διαβολὴν ὁ ἀνὴρ βίον ἐζηκὼς σώφρονα καὶ ἀνεπίληπτον.
[2] The greater part of the senators too were well pleased that he was to be tried upon this charge, for two reasons — first, that to speak one’s mind freely in the senate was not going to render one liable to an accounting, and second, that Marcius, who had led a modest and irreproachable life, would easily clear himself of that accusation.
[3] γράφεται τὸ προβούλευμα μετὰ ταῦθ᾽ ὑπὲρ τῆς δίκης, καὶ χρόνος εἰς παρασκευὴν τῆς ἀπολογίας ὁρίζεται τῷ ἀνδρὶ μέχρι τῆς τρίτης ἀγορᾶς: αἱ δ᾽ ἀγοραὶ Ῥωμαίοις ἐγίνοντο ὡς καὶ μέχρι τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνων δι᾽ ἡμέρας ἐνάτης. ἐν δὲ ταύταις συνιόντες ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν εἰς τὴν πόλιν οἱ δημοτικοὶ τάς τ᾽ ἀμείψεις ἐποιοῦντο τῶν ὠνίων καὶ τὰς δίκας παρ᾽ ἀλλήλων ἐλάμβανον, τά τε κοινά, ὅσων ἦσαν κύριοι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους καὶ ὅσα ἡ βουλὴ ἐπιτρέψειεν αὐτοῖς,ψῆφον ἀναλαμβάνοντες ἐπεκύρουν: τὰς δὲ μεταξὺ τῶν ἀγορῶν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας αὐτουργοί τ᾽ ὄντες οἱ
[3] After this the preliminary decree for the trial was drawn up and Marcius was given time till the third market-day to prepare his defence. The Romans had markets then, as now, every eighth day, upon which days the plebeians resorted to the city from the country and exchanged their produce for the goods they bought, settled their grievances in court, and ratified by their votes such matters of public business as either et laws assigned or the senate referred to them for decision; and as the greater part of them were small farmers and poor, they passed in the country the seven days intervening between the markets.
[4] πολλοὶ καὶ πένητες ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς διέτριβον. ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸ προβούλευμα ἔλαβον οἱ δήμαρχοι, προελθόντες εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν συνεκάλεσαν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τὸν δῆμον καὶ πολλὰ ἐγκώμια τῆς βουλῆς διελθόντες καὶ τὰ δόγματα αὐτῆς ἀναγνόντες προεῖπον ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ τὴν δίκην ἔμελλον ἐπιτελεῖν, εἰς ἣν ἅπαντες ἠξίουν ἥκειν τοὺς πολίτας ὡς ὑπὲρ τῶν μεγίστων διαγνωσομένους.
[4] As soon, therefore, as the tribunes received the preliminary decree they went of the Forum, and calling the people together, gave great praise to the senate, and then, after reading the decree, appointed a day for holding the trial, at which they asked all the citizens to be present, as matters of the greatest moment were to be decided by them.
[1] ὡς δὲ διεβοήθη ταῦτα, πολλὴ σπουδὴ καὶ παράταξις ἐγίνετο τῶν τε δημο
τικῶν καὶ τῶν πατρικίων: τῶν μὲν ὡς τιμωρησομένων τὸν αὐθαδέστατον, [p. 91] τῶν δ᾽ ἵνα μὴ γένοιτο ὑποχείριος τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὡς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀριστοκρατίας ἀγωνιζόμενος. ἐδόκει δὲ πᾶσα κινδυνεύεσθαι ἡ τοῦ βίου καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας δικαίωσις ἐν τῷ τότε ἀγῶνι ἀμφοτέροις. ἐπιστάσης δὲ τῆς τρίτης ἀγορᾶς ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν ὄχλος, ὅσος οὔπω πρότερον, συνεληλυθὼς εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἕωθεν εὐθὺς κατεῖχε τὴν ἀγοράν: οἱ δὲ δήμαρχοι συνεκάλουν τὸ πλῆθος ἐπὶ τὴν φυλέτιν ἐκκλησίαν, χωρία τῆς ἀγορᾶς περισχοινίσαντες, ἐν οἷς ἔμελλον αἱ φυλαὶ στήσεσθαι καθ᾽ αὑτάς.
[59.1] When news of this was spread abroad, there was great enthusiasm and marshalling of both the plebeian and the patricians, the former feeling that they were about to avenge themselves upon the most arrogant of all men, and the latter striving earnestly to save the champion of the aristocracy from falling into the hands of his enemies; and to both parties it seemed that their whole claim to life and liberty was at stake in this trial. When the third market-day arrived, such a crowd of people from the country as had never before been known had come together in the city and held possession of the Forum from the very break of day. The tribunes then summoned the populace to the tribal assembly, first having roped off portions of the Forum in which the tribes were to take their places separately.
[2] καὶ τότε πρῶτον ἐγένετο Ῥωμαίοις ἐκκλησία κατ᾽ ἀνδρὸς ψηφοφόρος ἡ φυλετικὴ πολλὰ δὲ ἐναντιουμένων τῶν πατρικίων, ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, καὶ τὴν λοχῖτιν ἀξιούντων συνάγειν ἐκκλησίαν, ὥσπερ αὐτοῖς πάτριον ἦν. ἐν γὰρ τοῖς πρότερον χρόνοις, ὅτε μέλλοι ψῆφον ἐπιφέρειν ὁ δῆμος ὑπὲρ ὁτουδήτινος ὧν ἐπιτρέψειεν ἡ βουλή, ἐκάλουν μὲν οἱ ὕπατοι τὴν λοχῖτιν ἐκκλησίαν, ἱερὰ πρότερον ἐπιτελέσαντες, ἃ νόμος αὐτοῖς ἐστι, καὶ μέχρι τοῦ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνου τινὰ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔτι γίνεται.
[2] And this was the first time the Romans ever met in their trial assembly to give their votes against a man, the patricians very violently opposing it and demanding that the centuriate assembly should be convened, as was their time-honoured custom. For in earlier times, whenever the people were to give their votes upon any point referred to them by the senate, the consuls had summoned the centuriate assembly, after first offering up the sacrifices required by law, some of which are still performed down to our time.
[3] συνῄει δὲ τὸ πλῆθος εἰς τὸ πρὸ τῆς πόλεως Ἄρειον πεδίον ὑπό τε λοχαγοῖς καὶ σημείοις τεταγμένον ὥσπερ ἐν πολέμῳ, ἐπέφερον δὲ τὴν ψῆφον οὐχ ἅπαντες ἀναλαβόντες, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοὺς ἰδίους ἕκαστοι λόχους, ὁπότε κληθεῖεν ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπάτων. ὄντων δὲ τῶν συμπάντων τριῶν καὶ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν [p. 92] λόχων καὶ τούτων εἰς ἓξ διῃρημένων συμμορίας πρώτη μὲν ἐκαλεῖτο συμμορία καὶ τὴν ψῆφον ἐπέφερεν ἡ τῶν ἐχόντων τὸ μέγιστον τίμημα τῆς οὐσίας καὶ τὴν πρώτην λαμβανόντων τάξιν ἐν πολέμοις: ἐν οἷς ἦσαν ἱππέων μὲν ὀκτωκαίδεκα λόχοι, πεζῶν δ᾽ ὀγδοήκοντα.
[3] The populace was wont to assemble in the field of Mars before the city, drawn up under their centurions and their standards as in war. They did not give their votes all at the same time, but each by their respective centuries, when these were called upon by the consuls. And there being in all one hundred and ninety-three centuries, and these distributed into six classes, that class was first called and gave its vote which consisted of those citizens who had the highest property rating and who stood in the foremost rank in battle; in this were comprised eighteen centuries of horse and eighty of foot.
[4] δευτέρα δ᾽ ἐψηφοφόρει συμμορία τῶν ὑποδεεστέρων τοῖς βίοις καὶ τὴν ὑποβεβηκυῖαν τάξιν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις μαχομένων καὶ ὁπλισμὸν οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν ἐχόντων τοῖς πρωτοστάταις, ἀλλ᾽ ἐλάττονα: τοῦτο δὲ τὸ πλῆθος εἰς εἴκοσι λόχους συντεταγμένον ἦν, προσέκειντο δ᾽ αὐτοῖς δύο ἶλαι τεκτόνων καὶ χαλκοτύπων καὶ ὅσοι ἄλλοι πολεμικῶν ἔργων ἦσαν χειροτέχναι. οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ συμμορίᾳ καλούμενοι λόχους μὲν ἐξεπλήρουν εἴκοσι, τίμημα δ᾽ εἶχον ἔλαττον τῶν δευτέρων καὶ τάξιν τὴν ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις ἐλάττονα, καὶ ὅπλα οὐκ ἴσα τοῖς πρὸ
[4] The class that voted in the second place was composed of those of smaller fortunes who occupied an inferior position in battle and had not the same armour as the front-line fighters, but less; this multitude formed twenty centuries, and to them were added two centuries of carpenters, armourers and other artificers employed in making engines of war. Those who were called to vote in the third class made up twenty centuries; they had a lower rating than those of the second class and were posted behind them, and the arms they carried were not equal to those of the men in front of them.
[5] αὐτῶν ἔφερον. οἱ δὲ μετὰ τούτους καλούμενοι τίμημά τ᾽ οὐσίας ἔλαττον εἶχον καὶ τάξιν ἐν πολέμῳ τὴν ἀσφαλεστέραν ἐλάμβανον καὶ ὁπλισμὸν εὐσταλέστερον εἶχον: διῄρηντο δ᾽ εἰς εἴκοσι καὶ οὗτοι λόχους: συνετάττοντο δὲ καὶ τούτοις δύο λόχοι βυκανιστῶν καὶ σαλπιστῶν. πέμπτη δ᾽ ἐκαλεῖτο συμμορία τῶν ὀλίγου πάνυ τετιμημένων ἀργυρίου, ὅπλα δ᾽ ἦν αὐτῶν σαυνία καὶ σφενδόναι: οὗτοι τάξιν οὐκ εἶχον ἐν φάλαγγι, ἀλλὰ ψιλοὶ καὶ κοῦφοι συνεστρατεύοντο τοῖς ὁπλίταις εἰς τριάκοντα λόχους διῃρημένοι.
[5] Those next called had a still lower property rating and had a safer post in battle and their armour was lighter; these also were divided into twenty centuries, and arrayed with them were two centuries of horn-blowers and trumpeters. The class which was called in the fifth place consisted of those whose property was rated very low, and their arms were javelins and slings; these had no fixed place in the battle-line, but being light-armed men and mobile, they attended the heavy-armed men and were distributed into thirty centuries.
[6] οἱ δ᾽ ἀπορώτατοι τῶν πολιτῶν οὐκ [p. 93] ἐλάττους τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ὄντες ἔσχατοι τὴν ψῆφον ἀνελάμβανον, ἕνα μόνον ἔχοντες λόχον: οὗτοι στρατειῶν τ᾽ ἦσαν ἐλεύθεροι τῶν ἐκ καταλόγου καὶ εἰσφορῶν τῶν κατὰ τιμήματα γινομένων ἀτελεῖς καὶ δι᾽
[6] The poorest of the citizens, who were not less numerous than all the rest, voted last and made but one century; they were exempt from the military levies and from the war-taxes paid by the rest of the citizens in proportion to their ratings, and for both these reasons were g
iven the least honour in voting.
[7] ἄμφω ταῦτ᾽ ἐν ταῖς ψηφοφορίαις ἀτιμότατοι. εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ τῶν πρώτων λόχων, οὓς οἵ θ᾽ ἱππεῖς ἐξεπλήρουν καὶ τῶν πεζῶν οἱ τὴν πρώτην τάξιν ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις λαμβάνοντες, ταὐτὸ φρονήσαιεν ἑπτὰ καὶ ἐνενήκοντα λόχοι, τέλος εἶχεν ἡ ψηφοφορία, καὶ οὐκέτι τοῖς λοιποῖς ἓξ καὶ ἐνενήκοντα λόχοις ἀνεδίδοτο ἡ ψῆφος: εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῦτο γένοιτο, ἡ δευτέρα συμμορία τῶν δύο καὶ εἴκοσι λόχων ἐκαλεῖτο, καὶ ἡ τρίτη: καὶ τοῦτο συνέβαινεν, ἕως οὗ ταὐτὸ φρονήσωσιν ἑπτὰ καὶ ἐνενήκοντα λόχοι.
[7] If, therefore, in the case of the first centuries, which consisted of the horse and of such of the foot as stood in the foremost rank in battle, ninety-seven centuries were of the same opinion, the voting was at an end and the remaining ninety-six centuries were not called upon to give their votes. But if this was not the case, the second class, composed of twenty-two centuries, was called, and then the third and so on till ninety-seven centuries were of the same opinion. Generally the points in dispute were determined by the classes first summoned, so that it was then needless to take those of the later classes.
[8] καὶ τὰ μὲν πολλὰ τῶν ἀγωνισμάτων ἐπὶ τῶν πρώτων κλήσεων τέλος ἐλάμβανεν, ὥστε μηδὲν ἔτι δεῖν τῶν ἐσχάτων. σπανίως δέ που πρᾶγμα οὕτως ἐνδοιαζόμενον ἐνέπιπτεν, ὥστε μέχρι τῆς ἐσχάτης ψήφου τῆς τῶν ἀπορωτάτων προελθεῖν: καὶ ἦν ὥσπερ τέρας τοῦτο σχισθέντων δίχα τῶν προτέρων δύο καὶ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν λόχων τὴν τελευταίαν ψῆφον ἐπενεχθεῖσαν ἐκείναις αἰτίαν γενέσθαι τῆς ἐπὶ θάτερα ῥοπῆς.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 596