Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] For it would be great baseness for one to lose through folly and cowardice what one has acquired by valour and courage. We neither force you to go to war against your will nor deprecate war if you are eager for it; but if you begin it, we shall defend ourselves. Return this answer to the Volscians, and tell them that, though they are the first to take up arms, we shall be the last to lay them down.”

  [1] ταύτας οἱ πρέσβεις τὰς ἀποκρίσεις λαβόντες ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ πλήθει τῶν Οὐολούσκων. συναχθείσης οὖν αὖθις ἐκκλησίας μετὰ τοῦτο κυροῦται δόγμα κοινὸν τοῦ ἔθνους προειπεῖν Ῥωμαίοις τὸν πόλεμον. ἔπειθ᾽ αἱροῦνται στρατηγοὺς αὐτοκράτορας τοῦ πολέμου Τύλλον τε καὶ Μάρκιον δυνάμεις τε ψηφίζονται καταγράφειν καὶ χρήματ᾽ εἰσφέρειν καὶ τἆλλα παρασκευάσασθαι,

  [11.1] The ambassadors, having received this answer, reported it to the Volscian people. Another assembly was accordingly called and a decree of the whole nation was passed to declare war against the Romans. After this they appointed Tullus and Marcius generals for the war with full power and voted to levy troops, to raise money, and to prepare everything else they thought would be necessary for the war,

  [2] ὅσων ὑπελάμβανον δεήσειν τῷ πολέμῳ. μελλούσης δὲ διαλύεσθαι τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀναστὰς ὁ Μάρκιος ἔφησεν: [p. 139] α μὲν ἐψήφισται τὸ κοινὸν ὑμῶν, ἔχει καλῶς καὶ γινέσθω κατὰ τὸν οἰκεῖον ἕκαστα καιρόν: ἐν ὅσῳ δὲ τὰ στρατεύματα μέλλετε καταγράφειν καὶ τἆλλα εὐτρεπίζειν ἕξοντά τινας ὥσπερ εἰκὸς ἀσχολίας καὶ διατριβάς, ἐγὼ καὶ Τύλλος ἔργου ἐχώμεθα. ὅσοις οὖν ὑμῶν βουλομένοις ἐστὶ προνομεῦσαι τὴν τῶν πολεμίων καὶ πολλὴν ἀποτεμέσθαι λείαν, ἴτε σὺν ἡμῖν. ὑποδέχομαι δ᾽ ὑμῖν, ἐὰν θεὸς συλλάβῃ, πολλὰς καὶ καλὰς δώσειν ὡφελείας.

  [2] When the assembly was about to be dismissed, Marcius rose up and said: “What your league has voted is all well and good; and let each provision be carried out at the proper season. But while you are planning to enrol your armies and making other preparations which, in all probability, will involve some to and delay, let Tullus and me set to work. As many of you, therefore, as wish to plunder the enemy’s territory and to gain much booty, come with us. I undertake, with the assistance of Heaven, to give you many rich spoils.

  [3] ἔτι γὰρ ἀπαράσκευοί εἰσι Ῥωμαῖοι δύναμιν οὔπω συνεστηκυῖαν ὁρῶντες ὑμετέραν, ὥστ᾽ ἀδεῶς ἡμῖν ὑπάρξει πᾶσαν ὅσην ἂν βουλώμεθα τῆς ἐκείνων χώρας καταδραμεῖν.

  [3] For the Romans, observing that your forces have not yet been assembled, are as yet unprepared; so that we shall have an opportunity of overrunning as large a part of their country as we please without molestation.”

  [1] ἀποδεξαμένων δὲ καὶ ταύτην τὴν γνώμην τῶν Οὐολούσκων ἐξῄεσαν οἱ στρατηγοὶ διὰ ταχέων, πρὶν ἔκπυστα γενέσθαι Ῥωμαίοις τὰ βουλεύματα, πολλὴν ἐπαγόμενοι στρατιὰν ἑκούσιον: ἧς μέρος μὲν ὁ Τύλλος ἔχων εἰς τὴν Λατίνων χώραν ἐνέβαλεν, ἵνα περισπάσειε τῶν πολεμίων τὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἐπικουρίαν, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ὁ Μάρκιος ἄγων ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἤλασεν.

  [12.1] The Volscians having approved of this proposal also, the generals marched out in haste at the head of a numerous army of volunteers before the Romans were informed of their plans. With a part of this force Tullus invaded the territory of the Latins, in order to cut off from the enemy any assistance from that quarter; and with the remainder Marcius marched against the Romans’ territory.

  [2] οἷα δ᾽ ἀπροσδοκήτου τοῦ κακοῦ τοῖς κατὰ τὴν χώραν διατρίβουσιν ἐπιπεσόντος πολλὰ μὲν ἑάλω σώματα Ῥωμαίων ἐλεύθερα, πολλὰ δ᾽ ἀνδράποδα, βοῶν τε καὶ ὑποζυγίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων βοσκημάτων χρῆμα οὐκ ὀλίγον: σῖτός θ᾽ ὅσος ἐγκατελήφθη καὶ σίδηρος καὶ ὅσοις ἄλλοις χώρα γεωργεῖται, τὰ μὲν ἡρπάσθη, τὰ δὲ διεφθάρη. τελευτῶντες γὰρ καὶ πῦρ εἰς τὰς αὐλὰς φέροντες ἐνέβαλλον Οὐολοῦσκοι, ὥστε πολλοῦ χρόνου μηδ᾽ [p. 140]

  [2] As the calamity fell unexpectedly upon the inhabitants of the country, many Romans of free condition were taken and many slaves and no small number of oxen, beasts of burden, and other cattle; as for the corn that was found there, the iron tools and the other implements with which the land is tilled, some were carried away and others destroyed. For at the last the Volscians set fire to the country-houses, so that it would be a long time before those who had lost them could restore them.

  [3] ἀναλαβεῖν αὐτὰς δύνασθαι τοὺς ἀποβαλόντας. μάλιστα δὲ τοῦτ᾽ ἔπασχον αἱ τῶν δημοτῶν κτήσεις, αἱ δὲ τῶν πατρικίων ἔμειναν ἀσινεῖς: εἰ δέ τινες ἐβλάβησαν, εἰς ἀνδράποδα καὶ βοσκήματα ἔδοξαν βλαβῆναι. τοῦτο γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ Μαρκίου παρηγγέλλετο τοῖς Οὐολούσκοις, ἵνα δἰ ὑποψίας ἔτι μᾶλλον οἱ πατρίκιοι γένοιντο τοῖς δημοτικοῖς καὶ μὴ ἐξαιρεθείη τὸ στασιάζον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως,

  [3] The farms of the plebeians suffered most in this respect, while those of the patricians remained unharmed, or, if they received any damage, it seemed to fall only on their slaves and cattle. For Marcius thus instructed the Volscians, in order to increase the suspicion of the plebeians against the patricians and to keep the sedition alive in the state; and that is just what happened.

  [4] ὅπερ καὶ συνέβη. ὡς γὰρ ἠγγέλθη τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἡ καταδρομὴ τῆς χώρας, καὶ ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἐξ ἴσου γεγονυῖαν ἅπασι τὴν συμφοράν, κατεβόων μὲν τῶν πλουσίων οἱ πένητες ὡς ἐπαγόντων σφίσι τὸν Μάρκιον, ἀπελογοῦντο δ᾽ οἱ πατρίκιοι καὶ κακουργίαν τινὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ταύτην ἀπέφαινον. βοηθεῖν δὲ τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἢ σώζειν τὰ περιόντα δι᾽ ὑποψίαν τ᾽ ἀλλήλων καὶ δέος προδοσίας οὐθεὶς ἠξίου: ὥστε κατὰ πολλὴν ἄδειαν ὁ Μάρκιος ἀπῆγε τὴν στρατιὰν καὶ κατέστησεν ἅπαντας ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα παθόντας μὲν οὐδὲν δεινόν, δράσαντας δ᾽ ὅσα ἠξίουν, καὶ πολλῶν εὐπορήσαντας χρημάτων.

  [4] For when this raid upon the country was reported to the Romans and they learned that the calamity had not fallen upon all alike, the poor clamoured against the rich, accusing them of bringing Marcius against them, while the patricians endeavoured to clear themselves by declaring that this was some malicious trick on the part of the general. But neither of them, because of mutual jealousy and fear of treachery, thought fit either to come to the rescue of what was being destroyed or to save what was left; so that Marcius had full liberty to withdraw his army and to bring all his me
n home after they had done as much harm as they pleased, while suffering none themselves, and had enriched themselves with much booty.

  [5] ἧκε δὲ καὶ ὁ Τύλλος ὀλίγον ὕστερον ἐκ τῆς Λατίνων χώρας πολλὰς ἐπαγόμενος ὠφελείας: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖ δύναμιν ἔσχον ὁμόσε χωρεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις μαχησόμενοι ἀπαράσκευοί τ᾽ ὄντες καὶ παρ᾽ ἐλπίδα τοῦ δεινοῦ σφίσιν ἐπιπεσόντος. ἐκ δὲ τούτου πᾶσα πόλις ἐπῆρτο ταῖς ἐλπίσι, καὶ θᾶττον ἢ ὡς ἄν τις ὑπέλαβεν ἥ τε καταγραφὴ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐγίνετο, καὶ τἆλλα ὑπηρετεῖτο, ὅσων τοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔδει. [p. 141]

  [5] Tullus also arrived a little later from the territory of the Latins, bringing with him many spoils; for there too the inhabitants had no army with which to engage the enemy, since they were unprepared and the calamity fell upon them unexpectedly. As a result of this every city of the Volscians was buoyed up with hope, and more quickly than anyone would have expected not only were the troops enrolled, but everything else was supplied that the generals needed.

  [1] ἐπειδὴ δὲ συνῆκτο ἤδη πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις, ἐβουλεύετο μετὰ τοῦ συνάρχοντος ὁ Μάρκιος, ὅπως χρηστέον τοῖς λοιποῖς πράγμασιν. ἔφη δ᾽ οὖν λέγων: ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ὦ Τύλλε, κράτιστον εἶναι νείμασθαι τὰς δυνάμεις ἡμᾶς διχῇ: ἔπειτα τὸν μὲν ἕτερον ἡμῶν ἄγοντα τοὺς ἀκμαιοτάτους καὶ προθυμοτάτους ὁμόσε χωρεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις μαχησόμενον, καὶ εἰ μὲν ὑπομενοῦσιν εἰς χεῖρας ἡμῖν ἰέναι μιᾷ κρῖναι τὸν ἀγῶνα μάχῃ, εἰ δ᾽ ἀποκνήσουσιν, ὡς ἐγὼ πείθομαι, στρατιᾷ νεοσυλλέκτῳ καὶ ἡγεμόσιν ἀπείροις πολέμου τὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων κίνδυνον ἐπιτρέπειν, τήν τε χώραν αὐτῶν ἐπιόντα πορθεῖν καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους περισπᾶν καὶ τὰς ἀποικίας ἀναιρεῖν καὶ πᾶν ἄλλο κακὸν ὅ τι δύναιτο ποιεῖν.

  [13.1] When all their forces were now assembled, Marcius took counsel with his colleague how they should conduct their future operations; and he said to him: “In my opinion, Tullus, it will be best for us to divide our army into two bodies; then one of us, taking the most active and eager of the troops, should engage the enemy, and if they can bring themselves to come to close quarters with us, should decide the contest by a single battle, or, if they hesitate, as I think they will, to stake their all upon a newly raised army and inexperienced generals, then he should attack and lay waste their country, detach their allies, destroy their colonies, and do them any other injury he can.

  [2] τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐνθάδε ὑπομένοντα φυλακὴν ποιεῖσθαι τῆς τε χώρας καὶ τῶν πόλεων, μὴ λάθωσιν ἀφυλάκτοις ἐπιπεσόντες αὐτοῖς οἱ πολέμιοι, καὶ πρᾶγμα αἴσχιστον πάθωμεν, ἐν ᾧ τῶν ἀπόντων ἐφιέμεθα τὰ παρόντα ἀφαιρεθέντες. ἀλλὰ χρὴ τὸν ἐνθάδε ὑπομένοντα ἤδη τείχη τ᾽ ἀνορθοῦν, ὅσα πέπτωκε, καὶ τάφρους ἀνακαθαίρειν καὶ φρούρια ὀχυροῦν, ἵνα τοῖς γεωργοῦσι τὴν χώραν ὑπάρχωσι καταφυγαί, στρατιάν τ᾽ ἄλλην προσκαταγράφειν καὶ τροφὰς τοῖς ἔξω οὖσιν ἐπιχορηγεῖν καὶ ὅπλα χαλκεύειν καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἀναγκαῖον ἔσται πρᾶγμα ὀξέως ὑπηρετεῖν.

  [2] And the other should remain here and defend both the country and the cities, lest the enemy fall upon these unawares, if they are unguarded, and we ourselves suffer the most shameful of all disgraces in losing what we have while endeavouring to gain what we have not. But it is necessary that the one who remains here should at once repair the walls of the cities that have fallen in ruin, clear out the ditches, and strengthen the fortresses to serve as places of refuge for the husbandmen. He should also enrol another army, supply the forces that are in the field with provisions, forge arms, and speedily supply anything else that shall be necessary.

  [3] δίδωμι δέ σοι τὴν αἵρεσιν, εἴτε τῆς ὑπερορίου στρατιᾶς εἴτε τῆς ἐνθάδε ὑπομενούσης ἐθέλεις στρατηγεῖν. ταῦτα λέγοντος αὐτοῦ σφόδρα [p. 142] ἠγάσθη τὴν γνώμην ὁ Τύλλος, καὶ τὸ δραστήριον τοῦ ἀνδρὸς εἰδὼς καὶ ἐπιτυχὲς ἐπέτρεψεν ἐκείνῳ τῆς ἔξω στρατιᾶς ἄρχειν.

  [3] Now I give you the choice whether you will command the army that is to take the field, or the one which is to remain here.” While he was speaking these words Tullus was greatly delighted with his proposal, and knowing the man’s energy and good fortune in battle, yielded to him the command of the army that was to take the field.

  [1] καὶ ὁ Μάρκιος οὐθὲν ἔτι διαμελλήσας ἧκεν ἄγων τὴν δύναμιν ἐπὶ Κιρκαίαν πόλιν, ἐν ᾗ κληροῦχοι Ῥωμαίων ἦσαν ἅμα τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις πολιτευόμενοι, καὶ παραλαμβάνει τὴν πόλιν ἐξ ἐφόδου. ὡς γὰρ ἔγνωσαν οἱ Κιρκαῖοι κρατουμένην σφῶν τὴν χώραν καὶ προσάγουσαν τῷ τείχει τὴν στρατιάν, ἀνοίξαντες τὰς πύλας ἐξῄεσαν ὁμόσε τοῖς πολεμίοις ἄνοπλοι παραλαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν ἀξιοῦντες: ὅπερ αὐτοῖς αἴτιον τοῦ μηδὲν παθεῖν ἀνήκεστον ἐγένετο.

  [14] Marcius, without losing any more time, came with his army to the city of Circeii, in which there were Roman colonists living intermingled with the native residents; and he took possession of the town as soon as he appeared before it. For when the Circeians saw their country in the power of the Volscians and their army approaching the walls, they opened their gates, and coming out unarmed to meet the enemy, asked them to take possession of the town — a course which saved them from suffering any irreparable mischief.

  [2] οὔτε γὰρ αὐτῶν ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ στρατηγὸς οὐδένα, οὔτ᾽ ἐξήλασεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως: ἐσθῆτα δὲ τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ τροφὰς εἰς μῆνα ἱκανὰς καὶ ἀργύριόν τι μέτριον λαβὼν ἀπῆγε τὴν δύναμιν ὀλίγην μοῖραν ἐν τῇ πόλει καταλιπὼν τῆς τ᾽ ἀσφαλείας τῶν ἐνοικούντων ἕνεκα, μή τι ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων πάθωσι κακόν,

  [2] For the general put none of them to death nor expelled any from the city; but having taken clothing for his soldiers and provisions sufficient for a month, together with a moderate sum of money, he withdrew his forces, leaving only a small garrison in the town, not only for the safety of the inhabitants, lest they should suffer some harm at the hands of the Romans, but also to restrain them from beginning any rebellion in the future.

  [3] καὶ τοῦ μηδὲν ὕστερον νεωτερίσαι. εἰς δὲ τὴν Ῥώμην ὡς ἠγγέλθη τὰ γενόμενα πολὺ πλείων ταραχὴ καὶ θόρυβος ἦν τῶν μὲν πατρικίων τὸν δῆμον ἐχόντων δι᾽ αἰτίας, ὅτι πολεμιστὴν ἄνδρα καὶ δραστήριον καὶ φρονήματος εὐγενοῦς μεστὸν ψευδεῖ περιβαλόντες αἰτίᾳ τῆς πόλεως ἀπήλα�
�αν καὶ παρεσκεύασαν ἡγεμόνα Οὐολούσκοις γενέσθαι:

  [3] When news of what had happened was brought to Rome, there was much greater confusion and disorder than before. The patricians reproached the populace with having driven from the state a man who was a great warrior, energetic, and full of noble pride, by involving him in a false charge and having thus caused him to become general of the Volscians;

  [4] τῶν δὲ προεστηκότων τοῦ δήμου κατηγορίας τοῦ συνεδρίου ποιουμένων καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ὅλον ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνων κατεσκευάσθαι λεγόντων [p. 143] τόν τε πόλεμον οὐ κοινὸν ἅπασιν, ἀλλὰ σφίσι μόνοις ἐπάγεσθαι σκηπτομένων: καὶ ἦν τὸ κακοηθέστατον τοῦ δήμου μέρος ἅμα τούτοις. στρατιὰς δὲ καταγράφειν ἢ καλεῖν τοὺς συμμάχους ἢ παρασκευάσασθαι τὰ κατεπείγοντα διὰ τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔχθη καὶ τὰς ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις κατηγορίας οὐδ᾽ εἰς νοῦν ἐλάμβανον.

  [4] and the leaders of the populace in turn inveighed against the senate, declaring that the whole affair was a piece of treachery devised by them and that the war was being directed, not against all the Romans in common, but against the plebeians only; and the most evil-minded element among the populace sided with them. But neither party gave so much as a thought to raising armies, summoning the allies, or making the necessary preparations, by reason of their mutual hatreds and their actions of one another in the meetings of the assembly.