Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] ἦν δὲ Τύλλος Ἄττιος ὁ τὰς ὀργὰς αὐτῶν παραθήξας ἔχων περὶ αὐτὸν ἑταιρίαν ἐξ ἁπάσης πόλεως οὐκ ὀλίγην. τούτῳ δ᾽ ἄρα ἐδέδοκτο παλαίτερον ἔτι τὸν φθόνον οὐ δυναμένῳ κατέχειν, εἰ μὲν εὖ πράξας ὁ Μάρκιος καὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων πόλιν διαφθείρας εἰς Οὐολούσκους ἔλθοι, [p. 212] κρύφα καὶ σὺν δόλῳ αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν, εἰ δὲ διαμαρτὼν τῆς πείρας ἀτελὴς τοῦ ἔργου ἀναστρέψειεν, ὡς προδότην παραδόντα τῇ περὶ αὐτὸν ἑταιρίᾳ ἀποκτεῖναι:

  [3] The one who in particular whetted their anger again Marcius was Tullus Attius, who had about him a large faction collected out of every city. This man had, in fact, long since resolved, being unable to control his jealousy, that if Marcius succeeded and returned to the Volscians after destroying Rome, he would make away with him secretly and by guile, or if, failing in his attempt, he came back leaving the task unfinished, he would deliver him over to his faction as a traitor and have him put to death — a plan which he now proceeded to carry out.

  [4] ὅπερ ἐποίει τότε, καὶ συναγαγὼν χεῖρα οὐκ ὀλίγην κατηγόρει τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ψευδῆ τεκμαιρόμενος ἀληθέσι καὶ οὐ γενησόμενα εἰκάζων γεγενημένοις: ἐκέλευέ τ᾽ ἀποθέμενον αὐτὸν τὴν ἀρχὴν λόγον ὑπέχειν τῆς στρατηγίας. ἦν δὲ τῆς ὑπομενούσης στρατιᾶς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἡγεμών, ὡς καὶ πρότερον εἴρηταί μοι, κύριος τοῦ τε συναγαγεῖν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ τοῦ καλεῖν, ὃν βούλοιτο, ἐπὶ δίκην.

  [4] And getting together a considerable band, he brought charges against him, drawing false inferences from things that were true and, from what had happened, surmising things street were not going to happen; and he kept bidding him resign his command and give an account of his conduct. For, as I said before, Tullus was general of the forces which had been left in the cities, and had authority both to call an assembly and to summon to trial any man he pleased.

  [1] ὁ δὲ Μάρκιος ἀντιλέγειν μὲν πρὸς οὐδέτερον τούτων ἐδικαίου, περὶ δὲ τῆς τάξεως αὐτῶν διεφέρετο λόγον ἀξιῶν ἀποδοῦναι πρότερον τῶν πεπραγμένων αὐτῷ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον, ἔπειτ᾽, ἐὰν ἅπασι δόξῃ Οὐολούσκοις, ἀποθήσεσθαι τὴν ἀρχήν. τούτων δ᾽ οὐ μίαν ᾤετο πόλιν δεῖν, ἐν ᾗ τὸ πλεῖον ὑπὸ τοῦ Τύλλου διέφθαρτο μέρος, γενέσθαι κυρίαν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἔθνος ἅπαν εἰς τὴν ἔννομον ἀγορὰν συναχθέν, εἰς ἣν ἔθος ἦν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων βουλεύεσθαι μέλλοιεν, ἐξ ἁπάσης πόλεως προβούλους ἀποστέλλειν.

  [58.1] Marcius did not think proper to oppose either of these demands, but objected to their order, insisting he ought first to give an account of his conduct in the war, after which he would resign his command if all the Volscians should so decide. But he thought that no single city in which the greater part of the citizens had been corrupted by Tullus ought to be given sole authority in the matter, but rather the whole nation meeting in their lawful assembly, to which it was the custom for them to send deputies from every city when they were to deliberate upon affairs of the greatest importance.

  [2] ὁ δὲ Τύλλος ἀντέλεγε πρὸς ταῦτα καλῶς εἰδώς, ὅτι δεινὸς εἰπεῖν ἁνὴρ πολλῶν καὶ καλῶν ἔργων λόγον ἀποδιδοὺς ἐν ἡγεμονικῷ ἀξιώματι μένων πείσει τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ τοσούτου δεήσει τιμωρίαν προδοτῶν ὑποσχεῖν, ὥστε καὶ λαμπρότερος ἔτι καὶ τιμιώτερος ὑπ᾽ [p. 213] αὐτῶν ἔσται, τόν τε πόλεμον, ὅπως ἂν βούληται, καταλύσασθαι συγχωρησάντων ἁπάντων γενήσεται κύριος.

  [2] This Tullus opposed, well knowing that Marcius, eloquent as he was, when he came to give an account of the many splendid actions he had performed, if he still retained a general’s prestige, would persuade the multitude, and would be so far from suffering the punishment of a traitor that he would actually become still more illustrious and be more highly honoured by them, and would be authorized by general consent to put an end to the war in such manner as he pleased.

  [3] καὶ ἦν μέχρι πολλοῦ λόγων τε καὶ ἀντιμαχήσεων τῶν ἐπ᾽ ἀλλήλοις γινομένων καθ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν πολὺς ἀγών: ἔργῳ γὰρ οὐχ οἷόν τ᾽ ἦν οὐδετέρῳ βιάσασθαι τὸν ἕτερον τῆς ἰσοτίμου ἀρχῆς ἀξιώσει κρατυνόμενον.

  [3] And for a long time there was great strife as they daily engaged in arguing and wrangling with one another in the assemblies and the forum; for it was not possible for either of them to employ force against the other, since both were protected by the prestige of an equal command.

  [4] ὡς δ᾽ οὐδὲν τῆς φιλονεικίας ἐγίνετο πέρας, ἡμέραν προειπὼν ὁ Τύλλος, ἐν ᾗ τὸν Μάρκιον ἐκέλευσεν ἥκειν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀποθησόμενον καὶ δίκην ὑφέξοντα τῆς προδοσίας, θρασυτάτους τ᾽ ἄνδρας εὐεργεσιῶν ἐλπίσιν ἐπάρας ἀρχηγοὺς ἀνοσίου ἔργου γενέσθαι, παρῆν εἰς τὴν ἀποδειχθεῖσαν ἀγορὰν καὶ παρελθὼν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα πολλῇ κατηγορίᾳ ἐχρήσατο τοῦ Μαρκίου, καὶ εἰ μὴ βούλοιτο ἀποθέσθαι τὴν ἀρχὴν ἑκών, τῷ δήμῳ παρεκελεύετο παύειν αὐτὸν ἁπάσῃ δυνάμει.

  [4] But when there was no end to their contention, Tullus appointed a day on which he commanded Marcius to appear for the purpose of laying down his office and standing trial for treason; and having encouraged some of the most daring, by hopes of rewards, to be the ringleaders in an impious deed, he appeared at the assembly on the day appointed, and coming forward to the tribunal, inveighed at length against Marcius and exhorted the people to use all the force at their command to depose him if he would not voluntarily resign his power.

  [1] ἀναβάντος δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν βοή τε πολλὴ κωλύουσα τοὺς λόγους ἐκ τῆς ἑταιρίας τῆς περὶ τὸν Τύλλον ἐγίνετο: καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ‘παῖε’ καὶ ‘βάλλε’ φωνοῦντες περιίστανται αὐτὸν οἱ θρασύτατοι καὶ συναράττοντες τοῖς λίθοις ἀποκτιννύουσιν. ἐρριμμένου δ᾽ αὐτοῦ χαμαὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν οἵ τε παραγενόμενοι τῷ πάθει καὶ οἱ μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἤδη νεκροῦ ὄντος ἀφικόμενοι τόν τ᾽ ἄνδρα τῆς τύχης ὠδύροντο ὡς οὐ καλὰς εἰληφότα παρὰ σφῶν ἀμοιβάς, ἐπιλεγόμενοι πάντα ὅσα τὸ κοινὸν ὠφέλησε, καὶ τοὺς δράσαντας τὸν [p. 214] φόνον ἐπόθουν λαβεῖν ὡς ἀνόμου ἔργου καὶ ἀσυμφόρου ταῖς πόλεσιν ἄρξαντας, ἄνευ δίκης ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ

  [59.1] When Marcius had ascended the tribunal in order to make his defence, a great clamour arose from the factio
n of Tullus, hindering him from speaking; then, with cries of “Hit him,” “Stone him,” the most daring surrounded him and stoned him to death. While he lay where he had been hurled upon the ground in the forum, both those who had been present at the tragedy and those who came there after he was dead bewailed the misfortune of the man who had found so ill a return from them, recounting all the services he had rendered to their state, and they longed to apprehend the murderers for having set the example of a deed that was lawless and prejudicial to their cities, in killing a man, and him a general, by an act of violence without a trial.

  [2] τινὰ ἀποκτεῖναι καὶ ταῦθ᾽ ἡγεμόνα. μάλιστα δ᾽ ἠγανάκτουν οἱ ταῖς στρατείαις αὐτοῦ παραγενόμενοι, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ζῶντι αὐτῷ οὐχ ἱκανοὶ ἐγένοντο κωλυταὶ τῆς συμφορᾶς, τὰς μετὰ τὸν θάνατον ὀφειλομένας ἔγνωσαν ἀποδιδόναι χάριτας, συμφέροντες εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν, ὅσων ἔδει τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνδράσιν εἰς τὴν ἀναγκαίαν τιμήν.

  [2] But most indignant were the men who had taken part in his campaigns; and since they had been unable, while he was living, to prevent his misfortune, they resolved to show fitting gratitude after his death by bringing into the forum everything that was necessary for the honour owed to brave men.

  [3] ἐπειδὴ δὲ πάντ᾽ εὐτρέπιστο, θέντες ἐπὶ στρωμνῆς ἐκπρεπεστάτῳ ἠσκημένης κόσμῳ τὴν αὐτοκρατορικὴν ἔχοντα ἐσθῆτα, καὶ πρὸ τῆς κλίνης αὐτοῦ φέρεσθαι κελεύσαντες λάφυρά τε καὶ σκῦλα καὶ στεφάνους καὶ μνήμας ὧν εἷλε πόλεων, ἤραντο τὴν κλίνην οἱ λαμπρότατοι τῶν νέων ἐν τοῖς κατὰ πολέμους ἔργοις: καὶ κομίσαντες εἰς τὸ προάστειον, ὃ μάλιστα ἦν ἐπιφανές, ἔθεσαν ἐπὶ τὴν παρεσκευασμένην πυράν, συμπροπεμπούσης τὸ σῶμα τῆς πόλεως ὅλης μετ᾽ οἰμωγῆς τε καὶ

  [3] When all was ready, they laid him, dressed in the garb of a supreme commander, on a couch adorned in a most sumptuous manner, and ordered the booty, the spoils and the crowns, together with the representations of the cities he had taken, to be carried before his bier; and the young men who were the most distinguished for their military achievements took up the bier, and carrying it to the most conspicuous suburb, placed it on the funeral pile that had been prepared, the whole population of the city accompanying the body with lamentations and tears.

  [4] δακρύων. ἔπειτα κατασφάξαντές τ᾽ αὐτῷ πολλὰ βοσκήματα καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπαρξάμενοι πάντων, ὅσων ἄνθρωποι βασιλεῦσιν ἢ στρατιᾶς ἡγεμόσιν ἐπὶ πυραῖς ἀπάρχονται, παρέμειναν οἱ μάλιστα τὸν ἄνδρα ἀσπαζόμενοι μέχρι τοῦ μαρανθῆναι τὴν φλόγα, κἄπειτα συναγαγόντες τὰ λείψανα ἔθαψαν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ χωρίῳ χώματι ὑψηλῷ διὰ πολυχειρίας ἐργασθέντι μνῆμα ἐπίσημον ἐργασάμενοι.

  [4] Then, when they had slain a large number of victims in his honour and offered up all the first-offerings that people make at the funeral piles of kings and commanders of armies, those who had been most closely attached to him remained there till the flames died down, after which they gathered together his remains and buried them in that very place, constructing an imposing monument by heaping up a high mound with the assistance of many hands.

  [1] Μάρκιος μὲν δὴ τοιαύτης καταστροφῆς ἔτυχεν, ἀνὴρ καὶ τὰ πολέμια ἄριστος τῶν καθ᾽ ἡλικίαν καὶ [p. 215] πρὸς ἁπάσας τὰς ἡδονάς, ὅσαι ἄρχουσι νέων, ἐγκρατής, τά τε δίκαια οὐκ ἀπὸ νόμου μᾶλλον ἀνάγκης διὰ τιμωριῶν δέος ἀκούσιος ἀποδιδούς, ἀλλ᾽ ἑκών τε καὶ πεφυκὼς πρὸς αὐτὰ εὖ, καὶ οὐδ᾽ ἐν ἀρετῆς μοίρᾳ τὸ μηθὲν ἀδικεῖν τιθέμενος, οὐ μόνον τ᾽ αὐτὸς ἁγνεύειν ἀπὸ πάσης κακίας προθυμούμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους προσαναγκάζειν δικαιῶν:

  [60.1] Such was the end of Marcius, who was not only the greatest general of his age, but was superior to all the pleasures that dominate young men, and practised justice, not so much through compulsion of the law with its threat of punishment and against his will, but voluntarily and from a natural propensity to it. He did not regard it as a virtue to do no injustice, and not only was eager to abstain from all vice himself, but thought it his duty to compel others to do so too.

  [2] μεγαλόφρων τε καὶ δωρηματικὸς καὶ εἰς ἐπανόρθωσιν ὧν ἑκάστῳ δέοι τῶν φίλων, ὁπότε γνοίη, προχειρότατος, τά τε πολιτικὰ πράττειν οὐδενὸς χείρων τῶν ἀριστοκρατικῶν: καὶ εἰ μὴ τὸ στασιάζον τῆς πόλεως ἐμποδὼν αὐτοῦ τοῖς πολιτεύμασιν ἐγένετο, μεγίστην ἂν ἡ Ῥωμαίων πόλις ἐπίδοσιν εἰς ἡγεμονίαν ἐκ τῶν ἐκείνου πολιτευμάτων ἔλαβεν. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γὰρ ἐν δυνατῷ ἦν ἅμα πάσας τὰς ἀρετὰς ἐν ἀνθρώπου γενέσθαι φύσει, οὐδὲ φύσεταί τις ἀπὸ θνητῶν καὶ ἐπικήρων σπερμάτων περὶ πάντ᾽ ἀγαθός.

  [2] He was both high-minded and open-handed and most ready to relieve the wants of his friends as soon as he was informed of them. In his talent for public affairs he was inferior to none of the aristocratic party, and if the seditious element of the city had not hindered his measures, the Roman commonwealth would have received the greatest accession of power from those measures. But it was impossible that all the virtue should be found together in a human being’s nature, nor will anyone ever be created by Nature from mortal and perishable seed who is good in all respects.

  [1] ἐκείνῳ γ᾽ οὖν ταύτας ὁ δαίμων τὰς ἀρετὰς χαρισάμενος ἑτέρας οὐκ εὐτυχεῖς κῆράς τε καὶ ἄτας προσῆψε. τὸ γὰρ πρᾳὺ καὶ φαιδρὸν οὐκ ἐπῆν αὐτοῦ τοῖς τρόποις, οὐδὲ τὸ θεραπευτικὸν τῶν πέλας ἔν τ᾽ ἀσπασμοῖς καὶ προσαγορεύσεσιν, οὐδὲ δὴ τὸ εὐδιάλλακτον καὶ μετριοπαθές, ὁπότε δι᾽ ὀργῆς τῳ γένοιτο, οὐδὲ ἡ πάντα τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἐπικοσμοῦσα χάρις: ἀλλ᾽

  [61.1] In any case the divinity who bestowed these virtues upon him added to them unfortunate blemishes and fatal flaws. For there was no mildness or cheerfulness in his character, no affability in greeting and addressing people that would win those whom he met, nor yet any disposition to conciliate or placate others when he was angry with them, nor that charm which adorns all human actions; but he was always harsh and severe.

  [2] ἀεὶ πικρὸς καὶ χαλεπὸς ἦν. ταῦτά τε δὴ αὐτὸν ἐν πολλοῖς ἔβλαψε, καὶ πάντων μάλιστα ἡ περὶ τὰ δίκαια [p. 216] καὶ τὴν φυλακὴν τῶν νόμων ἄκρατός τε καὶ ἀπαράπειστος καὶ οὐθὲν τῷ ἐπιεικεῖ διδοῦσα ἀποτομία: ἔοικέ τ᾽ ἀληθὲς εἶναι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχαίων λεγόμενον φιλοσόφων, ὅτι μεσότητές εἰσιν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἀκρότητες αἱ τῶν ἠθῶν ἀρεταί, μάλιστα δ᾽ ἡ �
�ικαιοσύνη. οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἐλλείπουσα τοῦ μετρίου πέφυκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπερβάλλουσα αὐτοῖς τ᾽ οὐ λυσιτελής, ἀλλ᾽ ἔστιν ὅτ᾽ αἰτία μεγάλων συμφορῶν, καὶ εἰς θανάτους οἰκτροὺς καὶ

  [2] And it was not alone these qualities that hurt him in the minds of many, but, most of all, his immoderate and inexorable sternness in the matter of justice and the observance of the laws, and a strictness which would make no concessions to reasonableness. Indeed, the dictum of the ancient philosophers seems to be true, that the moral virtues are means and not extremes, particularly in the case of justice. For by its nature it not only may fall short of the mean, but also may go beyond it, and is not profitable to its possessors, but is sometimes the cause of great calamities and leads to miserable deaths and irreparable disasters.

  [3] λύμας ἀνηκέστους καταστρέφουσα. Μάρκιόν γ᾽ οὐδὲν ἦν ἕτερον ἄρα, ὃ τῆς πατρίδος ἐξήλασε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀγαθῶν ἀνόνητον ἐποίησεν, ἢ τὸ ἀκριβὲς καὶ ἄκρον δίκαιον. τοῖς τε γὰρ δημόταις εἴκειν τὰ μέτρια δέον καὶ ἐφιέναι τι ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ τὰ πρῶτα φέρεσθαι παρ᾽ αὐτοῖς, οὐκ ἠβουλήθη, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἅπαντα τὰ μὴ δίκαια ἀντιλέγων μῖσος ἤγειρε καὶ ἐξηλάσθη πρὸς αὐτῶν: τῆς τε Οὐολούσκων στρατηγίας εὐθὺς ἅμα τῷ διαλῦσαι τὸν πόλεμον ἀπαλλαγῆναι παρὸν καὶ μετενέγκασθαι τὴν οἴκησιν ἑτέρωσέ ποι, τέως ἂν ἡ κάθοδος αὐτῷ δοθῇ ὑπὸ τῆς πατρίδος, καὶ μὴ παρασχεῖν αὑτὸν ἐχθρῶν ἐπιβουλαῖς καὶ ὄχλων ἀμαθίαις σκοπόν, οὐκ ἠξίωσεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπεύθυνον οἰόμενος δεῖν τὸ σῶμα παρασχεῖν τοῖς πεπιστευκόσι τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ λόγον ἀποδοὺς ὧν ἔπραξε κατὰ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν, εἴ τι φαίνοιτο ἀδικῶν τὴν κατὰ νόμους ὑποσχεῖν δίκην, τῆς ἄκρας δικαιοσύνης οὐ καλοὺς ἀπέλαβε μισθούς. [p. 217]