Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] Be that as it may, at the time in question, as I said, the uprisings of the subject nations occurred very fortunately for the consuls. For the Volscians, either relying on the domestic disquiet of the Romans, in the belief that the plebeians had been brought to a state of war with the authorities, or stung by the shame of their former defeat received without striking a blow, or priding themselves on their own forces, which were very numerous, or induced by all these motives, resolved to make war upon the Romans.

  [4] εἴτε διὰ ταῦτα πάντα πολεμεῖν [p. 255] Ῥωμαίοις διέγνωσαν, καὶ συναγαγόντες ἐξ ἁπάσης πόλεως τὴν νεότητα, μέρει μέν τινι τῆς δυνάμεως ἐπὶ τὰς Ἑρνίκων τε καὶ Λατίνων πόλεις ἐστράτευσαν, τῇ δὲ λοιπῇ, ἣ πλείστη τ᾽ ἦν καὶ κρατίστη, τοὺς ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις σφῶν ἥξοντας δέχεσθαι ἤμελλον. ταῦτα μαθοῦσι Ῥωμαίοις ἔδοξε διχῇ νέμειν τὰς δυνάμεις καὶ τῇ μὲν ἑτέρᾳ τὴν Ἑρνίκων τε καὶ Λατίνων διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχειν, τῇ δ᾽ ἑτέρᾳ τὴν Οὐολούσκων λεηλατεῖν.

  [4] And assembling the youth from every city, they marched with one part of their army against the cities of the Hernicans and Latins, while with the other, which was very numerous and powerful, they proposed to await the forces which should come against their own cities. The Romans, being informed of this, determined to divide their army into two bodies, with one of which they would keep guard over the territory of the Hernicans and Latins and with the other lay waste that of the Volscians.

  [1] διακληρωσαμένων δὲ τῶν ὑπάτων τὰς δυνάμεις, ὡς ἔστιν αὐτοῖς ἔθος, τὸ μὲν ἐπικουρεῖν μέλλον τοῖς συμμάχοις στράτευμα Καίσων Φάβιος παρέλαβε, θάτερον δὲ Λεύκιος ἔχων ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀντιατῶν ἦγε πόλιν. γενόμενος δὲ πλησίον τῶν ὁρίων καὶ κατιδὼν τὰς τῶν πολεμίων δυνάμεις, τότε μὲν ἀντικατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἐπὶ λόφου, ταῖς δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέραις ἐξιόντων εἰς τὸ πεδίον τῶν πολεμίων θαμινὰ καὶ προκαλουμένων εἰς μάχην, ἡνίκα τὸν οἰκεῖον ἔχειν καιρὸν ὑπελάμβανεν, ἐξῆγε τὰς δυνάμεις: καὶ πρὶν εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν παρακλήσει τε πολλῇ καὶ ἐπικελεύσει χρησάμενος, ἐκέλευσε σημαίνειν τὸ πολεμικόν: καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται τὸ σύνηθες ἀλαλάξαντες ἀθρόοι κατὰ σπείρας τε καὶ κατὰ λόχους συνέβαλλον.

  [84.1] The consuls having drawn lots for the armies according to their custom, the army that was to aid their allies fell to Caeso Fabius, while Lucius at the head of the other marched upon Antium. When he drew near the border and caught sight of the enemy’s army, he encamped for the time opposite to them upon a hill. In the days that followed the enemy frequently came out into the plain, challenging the consul to fight; and when he thought he had the suitable opportunity, he led out his army. Before they engaged, he exhorted and encouraged his troops at length, and then ordered the trumpets to sound the charge; and the soldiers, raising their usual battle-cry, attacked in close array both by cohorts and by centuries.

  [2] ὡς δὲ τὰς λόγχας καὶ τὰ σαυνία καὶ ὅσα εἶχον ἑκηβόλα ἐξανάλωσαν, σπασάμενοι τὰ ξίφη συρράττουσιν ἀλλήλοις ἴσῃ τόλμῃ τε καὶ ἐπιθυμίᾳ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἑκάτεροι χρώμενοι: ἦν τε, ὡς καὶ πρότερον ἔφην, παραπλήσιος αὐτοῖς ὁ τοῦ ἀγῶνος τρόπος, καὶ οὔτε ἡ σοφία καὶ ἡ ἐμπειρία Ῥωμαίων περὶ τὰς μάχας, ᾗ χρώμενοι τὰ πολλὰ ἐπεκράτουν, [p. 256] οὔτε τὸ καρτερικὸν καὶ ταλαίπωρον ἐν τοῖς πόνοις διὰ πολλῶν ἠσκημένον ἀγώνων ἐπεκράτει: τὰ γὰρ αὐτὰ καὶ περὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἦν, ἐξ οὗ Μάρκιον ἡγεμόνα Ῥωμαίων οὐ τὸν ἀφανέστατον στρατηλάτην ἔσχον: ἀλλ᾽ ἀντεῖχον ἑκάτεροι τῆς χώρας, ἐν ᾗ τὸ πρῶτον ἔστησαν οὐχ ὑφιέμενοι.

  [2] After they had used up all their spears and javelins with the rest of their missile weapons, they drew their swords and rushed upon each other, both sides showing equal intrepidity and eagerness for the struggle. Their manner of fighting, as I said before, was similar, and neither the skill and experience of the Romans in engagements, because of which they were generally victorious, nor their steadfastness and endurance of toil, acquired in many battles, now gave them any advantage, since the same qualities were possessed by the enemy also from the time that they had been commanded by Marcius, not the least distinguished general among the Romans; but both sides stood firm, without quitting the ground on which they had first taken their stand.

  [3] ἔπειτα κατὰ μικρὸν οἱ Οὐολοῦσκοι ὑπεχώρουν ἐν κόσμῳ τε καὶ τάξει δεχόμενοι τοὺς Ῥωμαίους. στρατήγημα δὲ τοῦτ᾽ ἦν, ἵνα διασπάσωσί τ᾽ αὐτῶν τὰς τάξεις καὶ ἐξ ὑπερδεξιοῦ γένωνται χωρίου.

  [3] Afterwards the Volscians began to retire, a little at a time, but in order and keeping their ranks, while receiving the Romans’ onset. But this was a ruse designed to draw the enemy’s ranks apart and to secure a position above them.

  [1] οἱ δ᾽ ὑπολαβόντες αὐτοὺς ἄρχειν φυγῆς ἠκολούθουν βάδην μὲν ἀπιοῦσι καὶ αὐτοὶ σὺν κόσμῳ ἑπόμενοι, ἐπειδὴ δὲ δρόμῳ χωροῦντας ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα ἐθεάσαντο, ταχείᾳ καὶ αὐτοὶ διώξει καὶ ἀσυντάκτῳ χρώμενοι. οἱ δὲ δὴ τελευταῖοί τε καὶ ὀπισθοφυλακοῦντες λόχοι νεκρούς τ᾽ ἐσκύλευον, ὡς κεκρατηκότες ἤδη τῶν πολεμίων, καὶ ἐφ᾽ ἁρπαγὴν τῆς χώρας ἐτράποντο.

  [85.1] The Romans, supposing that they were beginning flight, kept pace with them as they slowly withdrew, they too maintaining good order as they followed, but when they saw them running toward their camp, they also pursued swiftly and in disorder; and the centuries which were last and guarded the rear fell to stripping the dead, as if they had already conquered the enemy, and turned to plundering the country.

  [2] μαθόντες δ᾽ οἱ Οὐολοῦσκοι ταῦτ᾽ οἵ τε δόξαν παρασχόντες φυγῆς, ἐπειδὴ τοῖς ἐρύμασι τοῦ χάρακος ἐπλησίασαν, ὑποστραφέντες ἔστησαν, καὶ οἱ καταλειφθέντες ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ τὰς πύλας ἀναπετάσαντες ἐξέδραμον ἀθρόοι κατὰ πολλὰ μέρη: γίνεταί τ᾽ αὐτῶν παλίντροπος ἡ μάχη: οἱ μὲν γὰρ διώκοντες ἔφευγον, οἱ δὲ φεύγοντες ἐδίωκον. ἔνθα πολλοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοὶ Ῥωμαίων θνήσκουσιν οἷα εἰκὸς ὠθούμενοι κατὰ πρανοῦς χωρίου καὶ ὑπὸ πολλῶν ὀλίγοι κυκλωθέντες.

  [2] When the Volscians perceived this, not only did those who had feigned flight face about and stand their ground as soon as they drew near the ramparts of their camp, but those also who had been left behind in the camp opened the gates and ran out in great numbers at several points. And now weight fortune of the battle was reversed; for the pursuers fled and the fugitives pursued. Here
many brave Romans lost their lives, as may well be imagined, being driven down a declivity as they were and surrounded a few by many.

  [3] ἀδελφὰ δὲ τούτοις ἔπασχον, ὅσοι πρὸς σκῦλά τε καὶ [p. 257] ἁρπαγὰς τραπόμενοι τὸ ἐν κόσμῳ τε καὶ τάξει ὑποχωρεῖν ἀφῃρέθησαν: καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι καταληφθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων οἱ μὲν ἐσφάγησαν, οἱ δ᾽ αἰχμάλωτοι ἐλήφθησαν. ὅσοι δὲ τούτων τε καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους ἀπαραχθέντων διεσώθησαν, ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας τῶν ἱππέων αὐτοῖς ἐπιβοηθησάντων, ἀπῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα. ἐδόκει τ᾽ αὐτοῖς συλλαβέσθαι τοῦ μὴ πασσυδὶ διαφθαρῆναι χειμὼν πολὺς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταρραγεὶς καὶ σκότος, οἷον ἐν ταῖς βαθείαις ὁμίχλαις γίνεται, ὃ τοῖς πολεμίοις ὄκνον τῆς ἐπὶ πλέον διώξεως παρέσχεν οὐ δυναμένοις τὰ πόρρω καθορᾶν.

  [3] And a like fate was suffered by those who had turned to despoiling the dead and to plundering and now found themselves deprived of the opportunity of making an orderly and regular retreat; for these too were overtaken by the enemy, and some of them were killed and others taken prisoner. As many as came through safely, both of these and of the others, who had been driven from the hill, returned to their camp when the horse came to their relief late in the day. It seemed, moreover, that their escape from utter destruction had been due in part to a violent rainstorm that burst from the sky and to a darkness like that occurring in thick mists, which made the enemy reluctant to pursue them any farther, since they were unable to see things at a distance.

  [4] τῇ δ᾽ ἐπιούσῃ νυκτὶ ἀναστήσας τὴν στρατιὰν ὁ ὕπατος ἀπῆγε σιγῇ καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ, λαθεῖν τοὺς πολεμίους προνοούμενος: καὶ κατεστρατοπέδευσε παρὰ πόλει λεγομένῃ Λογγόλᾳ περὶ δείλην ὀψίαν, γήλοφον ἱκανὸν ἐρύκειν τοὺς ἐπιόντας ἐκλεξάμενος. ἔνθα ὑπομένων τούς τε ὑπὸ τραυμάτων κάμνοντας ἀνεκτᾶτο θεραπείαις, καὶ τοὺς ἀδημονοῦντας ἐπὶ τῇ παραδόξῳ τοῦ πάθους αἰσχύνῃ παραμυθούμενος ἀνελάμβανε.

  [4] The following night the consul broke camp and led his army away in silence and in good order, taking care to escape the notice of the enemy; and late in the afternoon he encamped near a town called Longula, having chosen a hill strong enough to keep off any who might attack him. While he remained there, he employed himself both in restoring with medical attention those who suffered from wounds and in raising the spirits of those who were disheartened at the unexpected disgrace of defeat by speaking words of encouragement to them.

  [1] Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν οὖν ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν: Οὐολοῦσκοι δ᾽, ἐπειδὴ ἡμέρα τ᾽ ἐγένετο καὶ ἔγνωσαν τοὺς πολεμίους ἐκλελοιπότας τὸν χάρακα, προσελθόντες κατεστρατοπέδευσαν. σκυλεύσαντες δὲ τοὺς τῶν πολεμίων νεκροὺς καὶ τοὺς ἡμιθνῆτας, οἷς σωθήσεσθαι ἐλπὶς ἦν, ἀνελόμενοι ταφάς τε ποιησάμενοι τῶν σφετέρων νεκρῶν, [p. 258] εἰς τὴν ἐγγυτάτω πόλιν Ἄντιον ἀνέζευξαν: ἔνθα παιανίζοντες ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ καὶ θύοντες ἐν ἅπασιν ἱεροῖς εἰς εὐπαθείας καὶ ἡδονὰς ταῖς ἑξῆς ἡμέραις ἐτράποντο.

  [86.1] While the Romans were thus occupied, the Volscians, as soon as it was day and they learned that the enemy had left their entrenchments, came up and made camp. Then, having stripped the dead, taken up those whom, though half dead, there was hope of saving, and buried their own men, they retired to Antium, the nearest city; and there, signing songs of triumph for their victory and offering sacrifices in all their temples, they devoted themselves during the following days to merry-making and pleasures.

  [2] εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ τῆς τότε νίκης διέμειναν καὶ μηδὲν ἐπεξειργάσαντο, καλὸν ἂν αὐτοῖς εἰλήφει τέλος ὁ ἀγών. Ῥωμαῖοι γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ὑπέμειναν ἔτι προελθεῖν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος ἐπὶ πολέμῳ, ἀγαπητὸν δ᾽ ἂν ἦν, εἰ ἀπῆλθον ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας, κρείττονα τοῦ προδήλου θανάτου τὴν ἄδοξον ἡγησάμενοι φυγήν. νῦν δὲ τοῦ πλείονος ὀρεγόμενοι καὶ τὴν ἐκ τῆς προτέρας νίκης δόξαν ἀπέβαλον.

  [2] Now if they had rested content with their present victory and had attempted nothing further, their struggle would have had a glory end. For the Romans would not have dared to come out again from their camp to give battle, but would have been glad to withdraw from the enemy’s country, considering inglorious flight better than certain death. But as it was, the Volscians, aiming at still more, threw away the glory of their former victory.

  [3] ἀκούοντες γὰρ παρά τε κατασκόπων καὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος ἀποδεδρακότων, ὅτι κομιδῇ τ᾽ εἰσὶν οἱ σωθέντες Ῥωμαίων ὀλίγοι καὶ τούτων οἱ πλείους τραυματίαι, πολλὴν αὐτῶν ἐποιήσαντο καταφρόνησιν, καὶ αὐτίκα τὰ ὅπλα ἁρπάσαντες ἔθεον ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς. πολὺ δὲ καὶ τὸ ἄνοπλον αὐτοῖς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως εἵπετο κατὰ θέαν τοῦ ἀγῶνος καὶ ἅμα ἐφ᾽ ἁρπαγήν τε καὶ ὠφέλειαν.

  [3] For hearing both from scouts and from those who escaped from the enemy’s camp that the Romans who had saved themselves were very few, and the greater part of these wounded, they conceived great contempt for them, and immediately seizing their arms, ran to attack them. Many unarmed people also followed them out of the city to witness the struggle and at the same time to secure plunder and booty.

  [4] ἐπεὶ δὲ προσβαλόντες τῷ λόφῳ τόν τε χάρακα περιέστησαν καὶ τὰ περισταυρώματα διασπᾶν ἐπεχείρουν, πρῶτοι μὲν οἱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἱππεῖς πεζοὶ μαχόμενοι διὰ τὴν τοῦ χωρίου φύσιν ἐξέδραμον ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς, ἔπειτα τούτων κατόπιν οἱ καλούμενοι τριάριοι πυκνώσαντες τοὺς λόχους: οὗτοι δ᾽ εἰσὶν οἱ πρεσβύτατοι τῶν στρατευομένων, οἷς τὰ στρατόπεδα [p. 259] ἐπιτρέπουσι φυλάττειν, ὅταν ἐξίωσιν εἰς τὴν μάχην, καὶ ἐφ᾽ οὓς τελευταίους, ὅταν ἀθρόα γένηται τῶν ἐν ἀκμῇ φθορά, σπανίζοντες ἑτέρας ἐπικουρίας καταφεύγουσι διὰ τὴν ἀνάγκην. οἱ δ᾽ Οὐολοῦσκοι

  [4] But when, after attacking the hill and surrounding the camp, they endeavoured to pull down the palisades, first the Roman horse, obliged, from the nature of the ground, to fight on foot, sallied out against them, and, behind the horse, those they call the triarii, with their ranks closed. These are the oldest soldiers, to whom they commit the guarding of the camp when they go out to give battle, and they fall back of necessity upon these as their last hope when there has been a general slaughter of the younger men and they lack other reinforcements.

  [5] κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἐδέξαντο τὴν ἔφοδον αὐτῶν καὶ μέχρι πολλοῦ διέμενον ἐκθύμως ἀγωνι�
�όμενοι, ἔπειτα διὰ τὴν τοῦ χωρίου φύσιν μειονεκτοῦντες ὑπεχώρουν, καὶ τέλος ὀλίγα μὲν τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ οὐκ ἄξια λόγου ἐργασάμενοι, πλείω δ᾽ αὐτοὶ παθόντες κακὰ ὑπεχώρησαν εἰς τὸ πεδίον. ἔνθα καταστρατοπεδευσάμενοι ταῖς ἑξῆς ἡμέραις ἐξέταττον τὴν δύναμιν καὶ προὐκαλοῦντο τοὺς Ῥωμαίους εἰς μάχην, οἱ δ᾽ οὐκ ἀντεξῄεσαν.

  [5] The Volscians at first sustained their onset and continued to fight stubbornly for a long time; then, being at a disadvantage because of the nature of the ground, they began to give way and at last, after inflicting slight and negligible injuries upon the enemy, while suffering more themselves, they retired to the plain. And encamping there, during the following days they repeatedly drew up in order of battle, challenging the Romans to fight; but these did not come out against them.

  [6] ὡς δὲ τοῦτ᾽ εἶδον καταφρονήσαντες αὐτῶν οἱ Οὐολοῦσκοι συνεκάλουν ἐκ τῶν πόλεων δυνάμεις καὶ παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς ἐξελοῦντες πολυχειρίᾳ τὸ φρούριον: ῥᾳδίως τ᾽ ἂν ἐξειργάσαντο μέγα ἔργον ὑπάτου τε καὶ Ῥωμαϊκῆς δυνάμεως ἢ βίᾳ κρατήσαντες ἢ καὶ ὁμολογίαις: οὐδὲ γὰρ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἔτι εὐπόρει τὸ χωρίον: ἔφθη δὲ πρότερον ἐπικουρία Ῥωμαίοις ἐλθοῦσα, ὑφ᾽ ἧς ἐκωλύθησαν οἱ Οὐολοῦσκοι τὸ κάλλιστον ἐπιθεῖναι τῷ πολέμῳ τέλος.