Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] But a stop was put to this and the mischief was prevented from proceeding farther by Quintius, the other consul, who together with the oldest senators implored and entreated them all to desist, and thrust himself into the midst of the contending parties. Moreover, there was little of the day left, so that, albeit reluctantly, they separated.

  [4] μέρος, ὥστ᾽ ἀκούσιοι ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων διελύθησαν. ταῖς δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέραις αἵ τ᾽ ἀρχαὶ ἀλλήλαις ἐνεκάλουν, ὁ μὲν ὕπατος τοῖς δημάρχοις, ὅτι καταλύειν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἠξίουν ἐς τὸ δεσμωτήριον τὸν ὕπατον ἀπάγειν κελεύσαντες, τῷ δ᾽ ὑπάτῳ οἱ δήμαρχοι, ὡς ἐμβεβληκότι πληγὰς σώμασιν ἱεροῖς καὶ καθωσιωμένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου — καὶ ὁ Λαιτώριος τὰ ἴχνη τῶν πληγῶν εἶχεν ἐπὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἔτι φανερά — ἥ τε πόλις ὅλη διοιδοῦσα καὶ ἀγριαινομένη διειστήκει.

  [4] During the following days not only did the magistrates indulge in accusations against one another, the consul charging the tribunes with a desire to invalidate his authority by ordering a consul to be led away to prison, and the tribunes charging the consul with having struck those whose persons were sacred and made inviolate by the law — Laetorius, indeed, bore on his face the marks, still visible, of the blows — but the whole city, filled with rage and fury, was rent with faction.

  [5] ἔπειτα ὁ μὲν δῆμος ἐφρούρει τὸ Καπιτώλιον ἅμα τοῖς δημάρχοις, οὔθ᾽ ἡμέρας οὔτε νυκτὸς ἐκλείπων τὴν φυλακήν: ἡ δὲ βουλὴ συνιοῦσα πολλὴν καὶ ἐπίπονον ἐποιεῖτο ζήτησιν, ὅπως χρὴ παῦσαι τὴν διχοστασίαν, τοῦ τε κινδύνου τὸ μέγεθος ἐνθυμουμένη, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲ τοῖς ὑπάτοις τὰ αὐτὰ παρειστήκει φρονεῖν. ὁ μὲν γὰρ Κοίντιος εἴκειν τῷ δήμῳ τὰ μέτρια ἠξίου, ὁ δ᾽ Ἄππιος μέχρι θανάτου ἀντέχειν. [p. 359]

  [5] Then the populace together with the tribunes proceeded to guard the Capitol both day and night without intermission. The senate assembled and entered into a long and difficult consideration of the proper means of putting a stop to the sedition, being sensible not only of the magnitude of the danger but also that not even the consuls had succeeded in being of one mind; for Quintius advised yielding to the populace in everything that was reasonable, whereas Appius proposed to resist till death.

  [1] ὡς δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἐγίνετο πέρας, χωρὶς ἑκάστους ἀπολαμβάνων ὁ Κοίντιος, τούς τε δημάρχους καὶ τὸν Ἄππιον, ἐδεῖτο καὶ ἐλιπάρει καὶ τὰ κοινὰ τῶν ἰδίων ἀναγκαιότερα ἡγεῖσθαι ἠξίου. ὁρῶν δὲ τοὺς μὲν ἤδη πεπειροτέρους γεγονότας, τὸν δὲ συνάρχοντα ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς αὐθαδείας μένοντα πείθει τοὺς ἀμφὶ Λαιτώριον, ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων τῶν τ᾽ ἰδίων ἐγκλημάτων καὶ

  [49.1] When no end would come to the strife, Quintius took each party aside separately, the tribunes and Appius, and begged, besought and implored them to regard the public interests as more vital than their private concerns. And observing that the tribunes had become milder but that his colleague persisted in the same arrogance, he undertook to persuade Laetorius and his colleagues to refer all their complaints, both private and public, to the determination of the senate.

  [2] τῶν δημοσίων τὴν βουλὴν ποιῆσαι κυρίαν. ἐπεὶ δὲ τοῦτο διεπράξατο, συνεκάλει τὴν βουλὴν καὶ τοὺς δημάρχους πολλὰ ἐπαινέσας καὶ τοῦ συνάρχοντος δεηθεὶς μὴ ἀντιπράττειν τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τῆς πόλεως ἐκάλει τοὺς εἰωθότας ἀποφαίνεσθαι γνώμας.

  [2] When he had accomplished this, he assembled the senate, and after bestowing great praise upon the tribunes and begging his colleague not to act against the safety of the state, he then proceeded to call upon those who were wont to express their opinions.

  [3] πρῶτος δὲ κληθεὶς Πόπλιος Οὐαλέριος Ποπλικόλας γνώμην ἀπεφήνατο τήνδε: ὅσα μὲν ἀλλήλοις ἐγκαλοῦσιν οἵ τε δήμαρχοι καὶ ὁ ὕπατος, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἔπαθον ἢ ἔδρασαν ἐν τῇ ταραχῇ, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς οὐδ᾽ οἰκείας πλεονεξίας ἕνεκεν εἰς αὐτὰ κατέστησαν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπὸ τῆς εἰς τὰ κοινὰ φιλοτιμίας, ἀφεῖσθαι δημοσίᾳ καὶ μηδεμίαν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εἶναι δίκην: περὶ δὲ τοῦ νόμου, ἐπειδὴ ὁ ὕπατος Ἄππιος οὐκ ἐᾷ νόμον ἀπροβούλευτον εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἐκφέρειν, προβουλεῦσαι μὲν περὶ τούτου τὸ συνέδριον: τοὺς δὲ δημάρχους ἅμα τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἐπιμέλειαν ποιήσασθαι τῆς θ᾽ ὁμονοίας τῶν πολιτῶν, ὅταν ἡ ψῆφος περὶ αὐτοῦ διαφέρηται, καὶ τῆς εὐκοσμίας.

  [3] Publius Valerius Publicola, who was called upon first, expressed the following opinion: That the mutual accusations of the tribunes and the consul relating to what they had suffered or done in the tumult, since they had gone so far, not with malice aforethought or for personal advantage, but out of rivalry in their zeal for the public welfare, should be publicly dismissed and that no suit should be brought because of them. As to the proposed law, since the consul would not allow any law to be presented to the assembly without a preliminary vote of the senate, he advised that the senate should vote upon it first; also that the tribunes together with the consuls should take care to preserve harmony and decorum among the citizens when the vote should be taken concerning it.

  [4] ἐπαινεσάντων δὲ τὴν γνώμην ἁπάντων εὐθὺς ἀνέδωκε τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου ψῆφον ὁ Κοίντιος τῷ συνεδρίῳ, καὶ πολλὰ μὲν Ἀππίου κατηγορήσαντος, πολλὰ δὲ τῶν [p. 360] δημάρχων ἀντιλεξάντων, ἐνίκα παρὰ πολλὰς ψήφους ἡ τὸν νόμον εἰσφέρειν ἀξιοῦσα γνώμη. ἐπικυρωθέντος δὲ τοῦ προβουλεύματος αἵ τε ἴδιαι τῶν ἀρχόντων διαφοραὶ διελύθησαν, καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἀγαπητῶς δεξάμενος τὸ συγχώρημα τῆς βουλῆς ἐπεψήφισε τὸν νόμον.

  [4] This advice being approved of by all, Quintius immediately put the question to the senate concerning the law, and after many objections offered by Appius and many rejoinders made by the tribunes the motion to lay it before the populace was carried by a large majority. The preliminary decree having been thus passed, the private differences of the magistrates were composed; and the populace, gladly accepting this concession of the senate, ratified the law.

  [5] ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου τοῦ χρόνου τὰ τῶν δημάρχων καὶ ἀγορανόμων ἀρχαιρέσια μέχρι τοῦ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνου δίχα οἰωνῶν τε καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ὀττείας ἀπάσης αἱ φυλετικαὶ ψηφοφοροῦσιν ἐκκλησίαι. αὕτη λύσις ἐγένετο τῆς τότε κατασχούσης ταραχῆς τὴν πόλιν.

  [5] From that time down to our own the tribunes and the aediles have been chosen in the tribal assemblies without auspices or any other religious observances. This was the end of the tumu
lt which disturbed the commonwealth at that time.

  [1] καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ στρατιὰς ἐδόκει Ῥωμαίοις καταγράφειν καὶ τοὺς ὑπάτους ἐκπέμπειν ἀμφοτέρους ἐπί τ᾽ Αἰκανοὺς καὶ Οὐολούσκους. δυνάμεις γὰρ ἐξ ἑκατέρων τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐξεληλυθέναι ἠγγέλλοντο μεγάλαι καὶ προνομεύειν τοὺς Ῥωμαίων συμμάχους. παρασκευασθεισῶν δὲ τῶν δυνάμεων σὺν τάχει Κοίντιος μὲν Αἰκανοῖς πολεμήσων ᾤχετο, Ἄππιος δὲ Οὐολούσκοις, κλήρῳ διαλαχόντες τὰς ἀρχάς. συνέβη δὲ τῶν ὑπάτων ἑκατέρῳ τὰ εἰκότα πάσχειν:

  [50.1] Not long afterwards the Romans decided to enrol armies and to send out both consuls against the Aequians and the Volscians; for it was reported that large forces from both these nations had taken the field and were then pillaging the territories of the Romans’ allies. The armies being soon ready, Quintius set out to make war against the Aequians and Appius against the Volscians, these commands having fallen to them by lot. And the fortunes of each of the consuls were such as might have been expected.

  [2] ἡ μὲν γὰρ τῷ Κοιντίῳ προσνεμηθεῖσα στρατιὰ τὴν ἐπιείκειάν τε καὶ μετριότητα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀσπαζομένη πρόθυμος ἦν εἰς ἅπαντα τὰ ἐπιταττόμενα, καὶ τὰ πλεῖστα αὐτοκέλευστος ὑφίστατο κινδυνεύματα δόξαν τῷ ἡγεμόνι καὶ τιμὴν πράττουσα: καὶ διεξῆλθε πολλὴν τῆς Αἰκανῶν χώρας λεηλατοῦσα οὐ τολμώντων εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τῶν πολεμίων, ἐξ ἧς λάφυρα πολλὰ καὶ ὠφελείας μεγάλας ἐκτήσατο. [p. 361] χρόνον δ᾽ οὐ πολὺν ἐν τῇ πολεμίᾳ διατρίψασα παρῆν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀπαθὴς κακῶν, λαμπρὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἔργοις τὸν στρατηγὸν ἄγουσα.

  [2] The army assigned to Quintius, pleased with the fairness and moderation of their general, were eager to carry out all his orders, and undertook most of the hazards unbidden, thereby achieving glory and honour for their commander. They overran a large part of the country of the Aequians and plundered it, the enemy not daring to come to an engagement; and from it they acquired great booty and rich spoils. After tarrying a short time in the enemy’s country they returned to the city without any losses, bringing their general home illustrious because of his exploits.

  [3] ἡ δὲ τῷ Ἀππίῳ συνεξελθοῦσα δύναμις μίσει τῷ πρὸς αὐτὸν πολλὰ ὑπερεῖδε τῶν πατρίων. τά τε γὰρ ἄλλα ἐθελοκακοῦσα ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ στρατείᾳ καὶ ὀλιγωροῦσα τοῦ ἡγεμόνος διετέλεσε, καὶ ἐπειδὴ μάχεσθαι ἔδει τῇ Οὐολούσκων στρατιᾷ, κατασταθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῶν ἡγεμόνων εἰς τάξιν οὐκ ἠξίωσε τοῖς πολεμίοις εἰς χεῖρας ἰέναι: ἀλλ᾽ οἵ τε λοχαγοὶ καὶ οἱ πρόμαχοι αὐτῶν, οἱ μὲν τὰ σημεῖα ῥίψαντες, οἱ δὲ τὴν τάξιν ἐγκαταλιπόντες ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα ἔφευγον.

  [3] But the army that went out with Appius because of their hatred of him disregarded many of the principles of their ancestors. In fact, during the whole campaign they not only played the coward deliberately and treated their general with contempt, but particularly when they were to engage the army of the Volscians and their commanders had drawn them up in order of battle, they refused to come to grips with the enemy, but both the centurions and the antesignani, some throwing away their standards and others quitting their posts, fled to the camp.

  [4] καὶ εἰ μὴ θαυμάσαντες τὸ παράλογον τῆς φυγῆς αὐτῶν οἱ πολέμιοι καὶ δείσαντες, μὴ ἐνέδρα τις ᾖ, τῆς ἐπὶ πλεῖον διώξεως ἀπετράποντο, τὸ πλεῖον ἂν μέρος τῶν Ῥωμαίων διέφθαρτο. ἐποίουν δὲ ταῦτα φθόνῳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, ἵνα μὴ καλὸν ἀγώνισμα ὁ ἀνὴρ διαπραξάμενος θριάμβῳ τε καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἐπιλαμπρυνθῇ τιμαῖς.

  [4] And if the enemy, wondering at their unexpected flight and fearing there might be an ambush, had not turned back from pursuing them farther, the greater part of the Romans would have been destroyed. The troops acted thus because of the grudge they bore to their general, lest he should win a brilliant engagement and so obtain the distinction of a triumph and the other honours.

  [5] τῇ δὲ κατόπιν ἡμέρᾳ τὰ μὲν ἐπιτιμῶντος αὐτοῖς τοῦ ὑπάτου τῆς ἀδόξου φυγῆς, τὰ δὲ παρακαλοῦντος αἴσχιστον ἔργον ἀναλύσασθαι καλῷ ἀγῶνι, τὰ δ᾽ ἀπειλοῦντος, εἰ μὴ στήσονται παρὰ τὰ δεινά, χρήσεσθαι τοῖς νόμοις, ἀπειθείᾳ τε διεχρῶντο καὶ καταβοῇ καὶ ἀπάγειν σφᾶς ἐκέλευον ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας ὡς ἀδύνατοι ἔτι ὄντες ὑπὸ τραυμάτων ἀντέχειν: κατεδήσαντο γὰρ αὐτῶν οἱ πολλοὶ τοὺς ὑγιεῖς χρῶτας ὡς τραυματίαι: ὥστε ὁ Ἄππιος [p. 362] ἠναγκάσθη ἀπάγειν τὸν στρατὸν ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας, καὶ οἱ Οὐολοῦσκοι ἀπιοῦσιν ἑπόμενοι πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἀπέκτειναν.

  [5] And the following day, when the consul alternately upbraided them for their inglorious flight, exhorted them to redeem their most disgraceful conduct by a noble effort, and threatened to invoke the laws against them if they would than stand firm in the face of danger, they broke out into disobedience, clamoured against him and bade him lead them out of the enemy’s country, alleging that they were no longer able to hold out by reason of their wounds; for most of them had bound up the sound parts of their bodies as if they had been wounded. Hence Appius was obliged to withdraw his army from the enemy’s country, and the Volscians, pursuing them as they retreated, killed many of them.

  [6] ὡς δ᾽ ἐν τῇ φιλίᾳ ἐγένοντο, συναγαγὼν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν αὐτοὺς ὁ ὕπατος καὶ πολλὰ ὀνειδίσας ἔφη χρήσεσθαι τῇ κατὰ τῶν λιποτακτῶν κολάσει. καὶ πολλὰ δεομένων τῶν πρεσβευτῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἐν τέλει μετριάσαι, καὶ μὴ συμφορὰν ἐπὶ συμφορᾷ προσθεῖναι τῇ πόλει, λόγον οὐδενὸς αὐτῶν ποιησάμενος ἐκύρωσε τὴν κόλασιν.

  [6] As soon as they were in friendly territory, the consul assembled the troops, and after uttering many reproaches said that he would inflict upon them the punishment ordained against those who quit their posts. And though the legates and the other officers earnestly besought him to use moderation and not to heap one calamity after another upon the commonwealth, he paid no heed to any of them but confirmed the punishment.

  [7] καὶ μετὰ τοῦθ᾽ οἱ λοχαγοί τε, ὧν οἱ λόχοι ἔφυγον, καὶ οἱ πρόμαχοι τῶν σημείων, ὅσοι τὰ σημεῖα ἀπολωλέκεσαν, οἱ μὲν πελέκει τοὺς αὐχένας ἀπεκόπησαν, οἱ δὲ ξύλοις παιόμενοι διεφθάρησαν: ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἄλλου πλήθους ἀπὸ δεκάδος ἑκάστης εἷς ἀνὴρ ὁ λαχὼν κλήρῳ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπέθνησκεν. αὕτη Ῥωμαίοις πάτριός ἐστι κατὰ τῶν λιπόντων τὰς τάξεις �
�� προεμένων τὰς σημαίας ἡ κόλασις. καὶ μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ αὐτός τε μισούμενος ὁ στρατηγὸς καὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ὅσον ἔτι περιῆν κατηφὲς καὶ ἄτιμον ἐπαγόμενος, τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων καθηκόντων ἀνέστρεψεν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα.

  [7] Thereupon the centurions whose centuries had run away and the antesignani who had lost their standards were either beheaded with an axe or beaten to death with rods; as for the rank and file, one man chosen by lot out of every ten was put to death for the rest. This is the traditional punishment among the Romans for those who desert their posts or yield their standards. Afterwards, the general, an object of hatred himself and leading back, dejected and disgraced, what was left of his army, the elections being now at hand, returned to the fatherland.

  [1] ἀποδειχθέντων δὲ μετ᾽ ἐκείνους ὑπάτων Λευκίου Οὐαλερίου τὸ δεύτερον καὶ Τιβερίου Αἰμιλίου βραχύν τινα χρόνον ἐπισχόντες οἱ δήμαρχοι τὸν ὑπὲρ κληρουχίας πάλιν εἰσῆγον λόγον: καὶ προσιόντες τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἠξίουν βεβαιῶσαι τῷ δήμῳ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, ἃς ἐποιήσατο ἡ βουλὴ Σπορίου Κασσίου καὶ Πρόκλου [p. 363] Οὐεργινίου ὑπατευόντων, δεόμενοί τε καὶ λιπαροῦντες.

  [51.1] When Lucius Valerius (for the second time) and Tiberius Aemilius had been appointed as the next consuls, the tribunes after a short delay brought up again the question of the land-allotment; and coming to the consuls, they asked them, with prayers and entreaties, to fulfil for the populace the promises which the senate had made in the consulship of Spurius Cassius and Proculus Verginius.