Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [4] Then, when no one came out to meet him, he held it in check that day, but on the next day led it against their camp, which was not very strong. When the enemy’s detachments which had earlier gone out after forage heard that their camp was besieged, they speedily returned, though they did not put in an appearance all together and in good order, but scattered and in small parties, everyone coming up as he could; and those in the camp, as soon as they saw their own men approaching, took courage and sallied out in a body.

  [5] καὶ γίνεται μέγας ἀγὼν καὶ φόνος ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων πολύς, ἐν ᾧ νικήσαντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τούς τε συστάδην μαχομένους ἐτρέψαντο καὶ τοὺς φεύγοντας ἐπιδιώκοντες, οὓς μὲν ἀπέκτειναν, οὓς δ᾽ αἰχμαλώτους ἔλαβον, τοῦ δὲ χάρακος αὐτῶν κρατήσαντες χρήματα πολλὰ καὶ λείαν ἄφθονον περιεβάλοντο. Οὐαλέριος μὲν δὴ ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ἀδεῶς ἤδη τὴν γῆν τῶν πολεμίων ἐπιὼν ἐδῄου.

  [5] Upon this, a great battle ensued, with much slaughter on both sides, a battle in which the Romans, gaining the victory, put to flight those who fought in closed ranks, and pursuing those who fled, killed some and made others prisoners; and taking possession of their camp, they seized much money and vast booty. After accomplishing this, Valerius now freely overran the enemy’s country and laid it waste.

  [1] Μάρκος δ᾽ Ὁράτιος ἐπὶ τὸν κατὰ Σαβίνων πόλεμον ἐπειδὴ τὰ κατὰ τὸν συνάρχοντα ἔγνω προαγαγὼν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος τὰς δυνάμεις [p. 194] ἀντεπῆγε θᾶττον ὅλῃ δυνάμει πρὸς οὐκ ἐλάττους ἀριθμὸν τοὺς Σαβίνους καὶ τὰ πολέμια ἐμπειροτάτους: ἐνεδείξαντο γὰρ φρόνημά τε καὶ τόλμαν ἐκ τῶν προτέρων κατορθωμάτων πολλὴν πρὸς τοὺς ἀντιμαχομένους, καὶ κοινῶς πάντες καὶ ἰδίως ὁ τούτων προηγούμενος: ἦν γὰρ οὐ μόνον στρατηγὸς ἀγαθός, ἀλλὰ καὶ

  [48.1] Marcus Horatius, who had been sent out to prosecute the war against the Sabines, when he learned of the exploits of his colleague, likewise marched out of camp and promptly led all his forces against the Sabines, who were not inferior in numbers and were thoroughly acquainted with the art of war. For they displayed spirit and great boldness against their opponents in consequence of their former successes, not only all of them in common, but particularly their commander; for he was both a good general and also a gallant fighter at close quarters.

  [2] πολεμιστὴς κατὰ χεῖρα γενναῖος: καὶ τῶν ἱππέων μεγάλην προθυμίαν παρασχομένων νίκην ἀναιρεῖται λαμπροτάτην, πολλοὺς μὲν ἀποκτείνας τῶν πολεμίων, πολλῷ δ᾽ ἔτι πλειόνων αἰχμαλώτων τετυχηκὼς τοῦ τε χάρακος αὐτῶν ἐρήμου κρατήσας, ἐν ᾧ τήν τ᾽ ἀποσκευὴν τῶν πολεμίων πολλὴν εὗρε καὶ τὴν λείαν ἅπασαν, ἣν ἐκ τῆς Ῥωμαίων γῆς ἐληίσαντο, αἰχμαλώτους τε πάνυ πολλοὺς τῶν σφετέρων ἀνεσώσατο. οὐ γὰρ ἔφθασαν ἀνασκευασάμενοι τὰς ὠφελείας οἱ Σαβῖνοι διὰ καταφρόνησιν.

  [2] And since the cavalry displayed great zeal, he won a most brilliant victory, killing many of the enemy and taking far more of them prisoners, and also gaining possession of their abandoned camp, in which he found not only the baggage of the enemy in great quantity but also all the booty they had taken from the Romans’ territory, and rescued a great many of his own people who had been taken prisoner. For the Sabines, in their contempt of the Romans, had not packed up and sent away their booty before the battle.

  [3] τὰ μὲν οὖν τῶν πολεμίων χρήματα τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφέλειαν ἐφῆκε ποιεῖσθαι προεξελόμενος ἐκ τῶν λαφύρων, ὅσα τοῖς θεοῖς καθιερώσειν ἔμελλε: τὴν δὲ λείαν τοῖς ἀφαιρεθεῖσιν ἀπέδωκε.

  [3] The effects belonging to the enemy he allowed the soldiers to take as spoils after he had first selected such a portion of them as he intend to consecrate to the gods; but the booty he restored to the owners.

  [1] ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ἀπῆγεν εἰς Ῥώμην τὰς δυνάμεις, καὶ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Οὐαλέριος ἧκεν, ἦν τ᾽ ἀμφοτέροις μέγα φρονοῦσιν ἐπὶ ταῖς νίκαις ἐλπὶς ἐπιφανεῖς κατάξειν θριάμβους. [p. 195]

  [49.1] After accomplishing these things he led his forces back to Rome, and Valerius arrived at about the same time. Both of them, being greatly elated by their victories, expected to celebrate brilliant triumphs; however, the matter did not turn out according to their expectation.

  [2] οὐ μὴν ἐχώρησέ γε αὐτοῖς κατ᾽ ἐλπίδα τὸ ἔργον. συναχθεῖσα γὰρ κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ἡ βουλὴ κατεστρατοπεδευκότων ἔξω τῆς πόλεως εἰς τὸ καλούμενον Ἄρειον πεδίον, καὶ τὰ πραχθέντα ὑπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων μαθοῦσα τὴν ἐπινίκιον οὐκ ἐπέτρεψε ποιήσασθαι θυσίαν πολλῶν μὲν καὶ ἄλλων ἐναντιωθέντων αὐτοῖς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, μάλιστα δὲ Κλαυδίου Γαΐου:

  [2] For the senate, having been convened in their case while they lay encamped outside the city in the Field of Mars, as it was called, and being informed of the exploits of both, would not permit them to perform the triumphal sacrifice, since many of the senators opposed their demand openly,

  [3] θεῖος δ᾽ ἦν οὗτος, ὥσπερ ἔφην, Ἀππίῳ τῷ καταστησαμένῳ τὴν ὀλιγαρχίαν καὶ νεωστὶ ὑπὸ τῶν δημάρχων ἀναιρεθέντι: τούς τε κυρωθέντας ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν νόμους προβαλλομένου, δἰ ὧν ἠλάττωσαν τὸ τῆς βουλῆς κράτος, καὶ τἆλλα πολιτεύματα, ὅσα οὗτοι πολιτευόμενοι διετέλεσαν: τελευταίαν δὲ τὴν τῶν δέκα ἀνδρῶν, οὓς προὔδωκαν τοῖς δημάρχοις, τῶν μὲν ἀπώλειαν, τῶν δὲ δήμευσιν, ὡς παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὰς συνθήκας,

  [3] and particularly Gaius Claudius, uncles, as I have stated, to Appius who had established the oligarchy and had been put to death recently by the tribunes. Claudius reproached them for the laws they had got enacted by which they had weakened the power of the senate and for the other policies they had constantly pursued; and, last of all, he told of the killing of some of the decemvirs, whom they had betrayed to the tribunes, and the confiscation of the estates of the others, in violation, as he claimed, of their oaths and covenants;

  [4] διεξιόντος. τὰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν συνομολογηθέντα τοῖς πατρικίοις πρὸς τοὺς δημοτικοὺς ἐπ᾽ ἀδείᾳ τε πάντων γενέσθαι καὶ ἀμνηστίᾳ τῶν προτέρων: τόν τ᾽ Ἀππίου θάνατον οὐκ αὐτοχειρίᾳ γενέσθαι λέγοντος, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιβούλως ὑπὸ τῶν δημάρχων πρὸ δίκης, ἵνα μήτε λόγου τύχῃ κρινόμενος μήτ᾽ ἐλέου, ὡς, εἰ κατέστη γοῦν εἰς κρίσιν ἁνὴρ, ἀπέφυγεν ἂν γένους ἀξίωμα παρεχόμενος καὶ πολλὰ τὸ κοινὸν εὖ πεποιηκὼς ὅρκους τ�
� καὶ πίστεις ἐπιβοώμενος, αἷς ἅνθρωποι πιστεύοντες [p. 196] εἰς διαλλαγὰς συνέρχονται, τέκνα τε καὶ συγγένειαν καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ταπεινὸν σχῆμα καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ φέρων εἰς οἶκτον ἐφελκόμενα τὸ πλῆθος. ταῦτα δὴ πάντα κατηγορήματα τῶν ὑπάτων κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐκχέαντος

  [4] for he maintained that the compact entered into by the patricians with the plebeians had been made on the basis of a general amnesty and impunity for what was past. He added that Appius had not perished by his own hand, but by the treachery of the tribunes before his trial, in order that he might not by standing trial either get a chance to speak or obtain mercy, — as might well have been the case if the man had come into court citing in his defence his illustrious lineage and the many good services he had rendered to the commonwealth, appealing too to the oaths and pledges of good faith, on which men rely when accommodating their differences, bringing forward his children and relations, displaying even the humble garb of the suppliant, and doing many other things that move the multitude to compassion.

  [5] Κλαυδίου Γαΐου, καὶ πάντων τῶν παρόντων, ἔδοξεν ἀγαπᾶν αὐτοὺς εἰ μὴ δώσουσι δίκας: θριάμβων δὲ καταγωγῆς ἤ τινων τοιούτων συγχωρήσεων οὐδὲ κατὰ μικρὸν ἀξίους εἶναι τυγχάνειν.

  [5] When Claudius had poured out all these accusations against the consuls and all who were present had expressed their approval, it was decided that the consuls ought to be content if they were not punished; but that they were not in the least worthy of celebrating triumphs or of gaining any concessions of that sort.

  [1] ἀποψηφισαμένης δὲ τῆς βουλῆς τὸν θρίαμβον ἀγανακτοῦντες οἱ περὶ τὸν Οὐαλέριον καὶ δεινὴν ὕβριν ὑπολαμβάνοντες ὑβρίζεσθαι συνεκάλεσαν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τὸ πλῆθος: καὶ πολλὰ τῆς βουλῆς κατηγορήσαντες, συναγορευσάντων αὐτοῖς τῶν δημάρχων καὶ νόμον εἰσηγησαμένων, παρὰ τοῦ δήμου λαμβάνουσι τὴν καταγωγὴν τοῦ θριάμβου, πρῶτοι Ῥωμαίων ἁπάντων τοῦτο εἰσηγησάμενοι τὸ ἔθος.

  [50.1] The senate having rejected their request for a triumph, Valerius and his colleague were indignant, and feeling that they had been grievously affronted, they called the multitude to an assembly; and after they had uttered many invectives against the senate and the tribunes had espoused their cause and introduced a law for the purpose, they obtained from the people the privilege of celebrating a triumph, being the first of all the Romans to introduce this custom.

  [2] ἐκ δὲ τούτου πάλιν εἰς ἐγκλήματα καὶ διαφορὰς οἱ δημοτικοὶ καθίσταντο πρὸς τοὺς πατρικίους: παρώξυνον δ᾽ αὐτοὺς οἱ δήμαρχοι καθ᾽ ἡμέραν ἐκκλησιάζοντες καὶ πολλὰ κατὰ τῆς βουλῆς λέγοντες. ἦν δ᾽ ἡ μάλιστα ἐρεθίζουσα τοὺς πολλοὺς ὑπόληψις, ἣν ἐκεῖνοι παρεσκεύασαν ἰσχυρὰν γενέσθαι, φήμαις τ᾽ ἀδεσπότοις καὶ εἰκασμοῖς [p. 197] αὐξηθεῖσα οὐκ ὀλίγοις, ὡς καταλυσόντων τῶν πατρικίων τοὺς νόμους, οὓς ἐκύρωσαν οἱ περὶ Οὐαλέριον ὕπατοι: δόξα τ᾽ ἰσχυρὰ καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀπέχουσα τοῦ πίστις εἶναι τοὺς πολλοὺς κατεῖχε. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ τούτων πραχθέντα τῶν ὑπάτων ταῦτ᾽ ἦν.

  [2] This gave occasion to fresh accusations and quarrels on the part of the plebeians against the patricians; they were egged on by the tribunes, who called assemblies every day and uttered many invectives against the senate. But the thing which exasperated the masses most was the suspicion, which the tribunes had contrived to strengthen and was increased by unavowed reports and not a few conjectures, that the patricians were going to abolish the laws which had been enacted by Valerius and his colleague; and a strong opinion to this effect, which was little less than a conviction, possessed the minds of the masses. These were the events of that consulship.

  [1] οἱ δὲ τὸν ἑξῆς ὑπατεύσαντες ἐνιαυτὸν Λάρος Ἑρμίνιος καὶ Τίτος Οὐεργίνιος: καὶ οἱ παρὰ τούτων τὴν ἀρχὴν παραλαβόντες, Μάρκος Γεγάνιος ...

  [51.1] The consuls of the following year were Lar Herminius and Titus Verginius; and they were succeeded by Marcus Geganius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  [1] μηδὲν δ᾽ αὐτῶν ἀποκρινομένων, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγανακτούντων παρελθὼν αὖθις Σκάπτιος ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα: ἔχετ᾽, ἔφη, παρακεχωρημένον, ἄνδρες πολῖται, παρ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν διαφερομένων, ὅτι τῆς ἡμετέρας χώρας ἑαυτοῖς μηδὲν προσηκούσης ἀντιποιοῦνται: πρὸς ταῦτα ὁρῶντες τὰ δίκαια καὶ τὰ εὔορκα ψηφίσασθε.

  [52.1] When they made no answer but continued to feel aggrieved, Scaptius again came forward to the tribunal and said: “There you have the admission, citizens, from our adversaries themselves that they are laying claim to territory of ours which in no wise belongs to them. Bearing this in mind, vote for what is just and in conformity with your oaths.”

  [2] ταῦτα τοῦ Σκαπτίου λέγοντος αἰδὼς εἰσῄει τοὺς ὑπάτους ἐνθυμουμένους, ὡς οὔτε δίκαιον οὔτ᾽ εὐπρεπὲς ἡ δίκη λήψεται τέλος, ἄν τινα ἀμφισβητουμένην ὑφ᾽ ἑτέρων χώραν δικαστὴς αἱρεθεὶς ὁ Ῥωμαίων δῆμος μηδέποτ᾽ αὐτῆς ἀντιποιησάμενος ἑαυτῷ προσδικάσῃ τοὺς ἀμφισβητοῦντας ἀφελόμενος: καὶ πολλοὶ σφόδρα ἐλέχθησαν εἰς ἀποτροπὴν τοῦ πράγματος ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπάτων καὶ τῶν ἡγουμένων τῆς βουλῆς λόγοι διακενῆς.

  [2] While Scaptius was thus speaking, a sense of shame came over the consuls as they considered that the outcome of this trial would be neither just nor seemly if the Roman people, when chosen as arbiters, should take away any disputed territory claimed by others and award it to themselves, after having never before put in a counter-claim to it; and a great many speeches were made by the consuls and by the leaders of the senate to avert this result, but in vain.

  [3] οἱ γὰρ ἀνειληφότες [p. 198] τὰς ψήφους πολλὴν μωρίαν εἶναι λέγοντες ἑτέρους περιορᾶν τὰ σφέτερα κατέχοντας, καὶ οὐκ εὐσεβὲς ἐξοίσειν τέλος ὑπολαμβάνοντες, ἐὰν Ἀρικηνοὺς ἢ Ἀρδεάτας κυρίους ἀποδείξωσι τῆς ἀμφισβητησίμου γῆς ὀμωμοκότες ὧν ἂν εὕρωσιν αὐτὴν οὖσαν τούτων ἐπικρινεῖν: τοῖς τε δικαζομένοις ὀργὴν ἔχοντες, ὅτι τοὺς ἀποστερουμένους αὐτῆς δικαστὰς ἠξίωσαν λαβεῖν, ἵνα μηδ᾽ ὕστερον ἔτι σφίσιν ἐγγένηται τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀνακομίσασθαι κτῆσιν, ἣν αὐτοὶ μεθ᾽ ὅρκου δικάσαντες ἑτέρων ἐπέγνωσαν εἶναι.

  [3] For the people, when called to give their votes, declared it would be great folly to permit what was theirs to remain in the possession of others, and they thought they would not be rendering a righteous verdict
if they declared the Aricians or the Ardeates to be the owners of the disputed land after having sworn to award it to those to whom they should find that it belonged. And they were angry with the contending parties for having asked to have as arbiters those who were being deprived of this land, with this end in view, that they might not even afterwards have it in their power to recover their own property which they themselves as sworn judges had decreed to belong to others.

  [4] ταῦτα δὴ λογιζόμενοι καὶ ἀγανακτοῦντες τρίτον ἐκέλευσαν τεθῆναι καδίσκον ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Ῥωμαίων καθ᾽ ἑκάστην φυλήν, εἰς ὃν ἀποθήσονται τὰς ψήφους: καὶ γίνεται πάσαις ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ Ῥωμαίων δῆμος τῆς ἀμφιλόγου χώρας κύριος. ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τούτων τῶν ὑπάτων ἐπράχθη.

  [4] The people, then, reasoning thus and feeling aggrieved, ordered a third urn, for the Roman commonwealth, to be placed before each tribe, into which they might put their voting tablets; and the Roman people were declared by all the votes to be the owners of the disputed land. These were the events of that consulship.

  [1] Μάρκου δὲ Γενυκίου καὶ Γαΐου Κοιντίου τὴν ἀρχὴν παρειληφότων αἱ πολιτικαὶ πάλιν ἀνίσταντο διαφοραὶ τῶν δημοτικῶν ἀξιούντων ἅπασι Ῥωμαίοις ἐξεῖναι τὴν ὕπατον ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν — τέως γὰρ οἱ πατρίκιοι μόνοι μετῄεσαν αὐτὴν ἐν ταῖς λοχίτισιν ἐκκλησίαις ἀποδεικνύμενοι — νόμον τε συγγράψαντες ὑπὲρ τῶν ὑπατικῶν ἀρχαιρεσιῶν εἰσέφερον οἱ τότε δημαρχοῦντες ἐκτὸς ἑνὸς Γαΐου Φουρνίου πάντες οἱ λοιποὶ συμφρονήσαντες, ἐν ᾧ τὸν δῆμον ἐποιοῦντο [p. 199] κύριον τῆς διαγνώσεως καθ᾽ ἕνα ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτόν, εἴτε πατρικίους βούλοιτο μετιέναι τὴν ὑπατείαν εἴτε δημοτικούς.