13. Ward and Burns, The War, caption, p. 152.
14. Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, p. 225.
15. Ibid., pp. 217–21.
16. Atkinson, Day of Battle, p. 180.
17. Wilmot, The Struggle for Europe, p. 102.
18. Chicago Tribune, September 17, 1943, p. 6.
19. New York Herald Tribune, September 16, 1943, p. 1.
20. Atkinson, Day of Battle, p. 231.
21. New York Herald Tribune, September 28, 1943, p. 1.
22. New York Times, October 3, 1943, p. 1; plus the Chicago Tribune, October 3, 1943, p. 1.
23. Atlanta Constitution, October 3, 1943, p. 6D.
24. New York Times, October 3, 1943, p. 1.
25. Atlanta Constitution, October 3, 1943, p. 6D.
26. Note from AP to Boyle, in Boyle’s personal papers, October 1943.
27. Baltimore Sun, October 11, 1943, p. 2.
28. Atlanta Constitution, February 17, 1943, p. 1.
29. Kansas City Star, January 14, 1944.
30. Los Angeles Times, December 5, 1943, p. 23.
31. New York Herald Tribune, December 20, 1943, p. 1; also in Wade, pp. 25–34.
32. John Romeiser, ed., Beachhead Don, p. 84.
33. Ibid.
34. Atkinson, Day of Battle, p. 279.
35. New York Herald Tribune, December 20, 1943, p. 1.
36. Romeiser, p. 85.
37. Atkinson, Day of Battle, p. 279.
38. New York Herald Tribune, December 20, 1943, p. 1.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. www.archive.org/details/battle_of_san_pietro.
42. Atkinson, Day of Battle, pp. 290–93.
43. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 155.
44. New York Herald Tribune, February 19, 1944, p. 1; plus Wade, pp. 35–37.
45. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 161.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid., p. 162.
48. Ibid., p. 164.
49. Kluger, pp. 369–70.
50. Quoted in Ward and Burns, The War, p. 164.
51. New York Herald Tribune, February 19, 1944, p. 1; plus Wade, pp. 35–37.
52. New York Herald Tribune, March 9, 1944, p. 1; plus Wade, pp. 38–40.
CHAPTER 9
The Blitz Spirit—London and the Home Front
1. Letter from Walter to Betsy, February 12, 1944.
2. Ibid.
3. Miller, Masters of the Air, pp. 260–66.
4. Letter from Walter to Betsy, February 12, 1944.
5. Wilmot, p. 228.
6. Letter from Walter to Betsy, February 12, 1944.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. AP Boyle column, May 23, 1944.
10. Miller, Masters of the Air, p. 216.
11. Hamill, p. 151.
12. Ibid., p. 152.
13. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, pp. 52–53.
14. Ibid., Conversations, p. 62.
15. Ibid., pp. 62–63.
16. Ibid., p. 63.
17. Ibid., pp. 63–64.
18. Miller, Masters of the Air, p. 217.
19. Ibid., p. 218.
20. Ibid., p. 216.
21. Ibid., p. 219.
22. Ibid.
23. Stars and Stripes, April 2, 1944, p. 1.
24. Miller, Masters of the Air, p. 217.
25. Ibid., p. 226.
26. Rooney, My War, p. 94.
27. Stars and Stripes, April 21, 1944, p. 1.
28. Stars and Stripes, February 29, 1944, p. 2.
29. Stars and Stripes, January 15, 1944, p. 2.
30. Ibid.
31. Letter from Walter to Betsy, August 6, 1944.
32. Oldfield, p. i.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid., p. 65.
35. Stars and Stripes, December 1, 1943, p. 3.
36. Bradley, A General’s Life, p. 226.
37. Hamill, p. 829.
38. Quoted in Sokolov, p. 161.
39. Atlanta Constitution, February 21, 1944, p. 1
40. Kansas City Star, February 24, 1944, p. 1.
41. CBS World News script, Report to the Nation, March 7, 1944, in Boyle’s personal papers.
42. Kansas City Star, March 1944 (not certain of exact date).
43. Kansas City Star, February 27, 1944, p. 1.
44. Monica Boyle scrapbook, 1942–1946.
45. E-mails from and conversations with Ed Boyle, Jr., 2010–2011.
46. Los Angeles Times, March 18, 1944.
47. Blue Pencil, issue number 37, March 1944, in AP archives, New York.
48. Ernie’s Pyle’s The Story of G.I. Joe, United Artists, 1944.
49. Kansas City Star, May 18, 1944.
50. AP memoranda to customers, in Boyle’s personal papers.
51. Oldfield, p. 75.
52. Ibid., p. 42.
53. Letter from Hal to Frances, May 13, 1944.
54. AP Boyle column, datelined May 23, 1944.
55. Ibid.
56. AP Boyle column, May 31, 1944.
57. Letter from Walter to Betsy, May 14, 1944.
CHAPTER 10
Cherbourg and St.-Lô: Ugly Fighting Among Dead Cattle
1. Rooney, My War, p. 163.
2. Ibid., p. 160.
3. Interview with Andy Rooney, April 2011.
4. Romeiser, p. 149.
5. Ibid., p. 151.
6. Ibid., p. 145.
7. Ibid., p. 146.
8. Ibid., p. 159.
9. Rooney, My War, p. 164.
10. Letter from Don Whitehead to Raymond Sokolov, in Liebling’s papers at Cornell.
11. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 226.
12. Kansas City Star, June 28, 1944.
13. Rooney, My War, p. 166.
14. Ibid., pp. 166–68.
15. Remnick, p. xxi.
16. Hamill, p. 679.
17. Ibid, p. 674.
18. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 224.
19. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, p. 59.
20. Letter from Hal to Frances, June 29, 1944.
21. Kansas City Star, June 7, 1944.
22. Letter from Walter to Betsy, June 12, 1944.
23. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 226.
24. Miller, Masters of the Air, p. 297.
25. Kansas City Kansan, June 17, 1944.
26. Letter from Walter to Betsy, June 9, 1944 (almost certainly misdated; probably meant “July 9”).
27. www.westendatwar.org.uk.
28. Cronkite could not remember the exact address of his flat on Buckingham Gate. When he returned to London to tape the City at War documentary, he did not recognize the specific building. At least one account on the Internet identifies Cronkite’s flat as part of the old Queen Anne’s Mansions near Buckingham Palace, but the author was not able to confirm that.
29. Letter from Walter to Betsy, June 9, 1944 (almost certainly misdated; probably meant “July 9”).
30. Rooney, My War, p. 172.
31. Letter from Walter to Betsy, June 9, 1944 (almost certainly misdated; probably meant “July 9”).
32. Letter from Hal to Frances, June 23, 1944.
33. New York Times, July 2, 1944, p. 6.
34. Los Angles Times, July 2, 1944, p. 7.
35. Hamill, p. 894.
36. Letter from Hal to Frances, June 29, 1944.
37. Hamill, pp. 894–95.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid., pp. 896–900.
40. Letter from Hal to Frances, July 12, 1944.
41. Rooney, My War, p. 185.
42. Ibid., p. 92.
43. Hamill, p. 881.
44. Rooney, My War, p. 185.
45. Hamill, p. 498.
46. Interview with James Hamel and Gilbert Gallez at Vouilly, July 2011.
47. Hamill, p. 499.
48. Ibid., p. 881.
49. Liebling, who prided himself on being able to deduce where people came from after hearing them speak, was wrong on Cota; the great
commander was a Main Line Philadelphian.
50. Rooney, My War, p. 172.
51. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 230.
52. Hamill, p. 505.
53. Hal Buell, We Were There: Normandy, p. 151.
54. Ibid., p. 152.
55. Ibid., pp. 205–6.
56. Ibid.
57. Hamill, p. 872
58. Ibid., p. 873.
59. Ibid., p. 790.
60. AP Boyle article, datelined July 12, 1944.
61. www.history.army.mil.
62. Washington Post, July 15, 1944.
63. Rooney, My War, p. 178.
64. Hamill, p. 872.
65. Rooney, My War, p. 179.
66. Ibid.
67. Kansas City Star, July 19, 1944.
68. Hamill, p. 873.
69. Buell, p. 52.
70. Rooney, My War, p. 180.
71. Buell, p. 53.
72. Rooney, My War, p. 180.
73. Buell, p. 53.
74. Rooney, My War, p. 181.
75. Buell, p. 53.
76. Hamill, p. 877.
CHAPTER 11
The Breakout—Merci! Merci! Merci!
1. Jonathan W. Jordan, Brothers, Rivals, Victors, caption following p. 366.
2. Hamill, p. 946.
3. Ibid., p. 885.
4. Jordan, p. 357.
5. Hamill, p. 886.
6. Ibid., pp. 885–86.
7. Ibid., p. 945.
8. Quoted in Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, p. 318.
9. Hamill, p. 945.
10. Ibid., p. 947.
11. Ibid., p. 880.
12. Ibid., p. 885.
13. Jordan, p. 358.
14. Rooney, My War, p. 183.
15. Jordan, p. 359.
16. Rooney, My War, p. 183.
17. Quoted in Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, p. 320.
18. Hamill, p. 360.
19. Rooney, My War, p. 184.
20. www.ap.org/wallofhonor.
21. Hamill, p. 511.
22. Ibid., p. 512.
23. Kansas City Star, July 26, 1944.
24. Ibid., July 31, 1944.
25. Ibid., August 3, 1944.
26. Stars and Stripes, August 17, 1944, p. 2.
27. Interview with Roy Wilder, Jr., August 2011.
28. AP Boyle column, Number 47, July 1944.
29. Ibid.
30. Hamill, p. 511.
31. Ibid., p. 512.
32. Ibid., p. 825.
33. Ibid., p. 515.
34. Kansas City Star, datelined July 30, 1944.
35. Hamill, pp. 515–17.
36. Kansas City Star, datelined August 8, 1944.
37. Atlanta Constitution, August 11, 1944, p. 1.
38. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 246.
39. Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, pp. 324–25.
40. Wilmot, p. 467.
41. Rooney, My War, pp. 187–88.
42. Ibid., p. 188.
43. Kansas City Star, datelined August 13, 1945.
44. Ibid.
45. Interview with historian John McManus, March 2010.
46. Hamill, pp. 908–30.
47. Interview with Betsy Wade, March 2010.
48. New York Herald Tribune, June 13, 1944, p. 1.
49. Ibid., June 15, 1944.
50. Ibid., July 12, 1944.
51. Ibid., July 19, 1944.
52. Ibid., July 13, 1944.
53. Ibid., August 4, 1944.
54. Ibid., August 17, 1944.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid., August 19, 1944.
57. Ibid., August 20, 1944.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid., August 22, 1944.
60. Ibid., August 23, 1944.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid., August 24, 1944.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid., August 28, 1944.
66. Ibid., September 2, 1944.
67. Ibid., September 4, 1944.
68. Ibid., September 5, 1944.
69. To protect the guilty, Liebling referred to Wilder as “Chitterling” in his postwar account of their pre–Paris liberation maneuverings.
70. Hamill, pp. 946–47.
71. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 256.
72. Hamill, p. 946.
73. Rooney, My War, p. 199.
74. Hamill, pp. 968–70.
75. Ibid., p. 971.
CHAPTER 12
Rescuing the Kitten—Paris Redeemed
1. Letter from Walter to Betsy, August 15, 1944.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Allied_Airborne_Army.
5. Letter from Hal to Frances, August 11, 1944.
6. Letter from Walter to Betsy, August 20, 1944.
7. Ibid.
8. Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, p. 328.
9. Baltimore Afro-American, August 26, 1944.
10. Washington Post, August 22, 1944, p. 2.
11. Kansas City Star, datelined August 21, 1944.
12. Rooney, My War, pp. 198–99.
13. Ibid., p. 199.
14. Ibid., p. 200.
15. Romeiser, p. 203.
16. Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1944, p. 2.
17. Romeiser, p. 203.
18. Boyle AP article, datelined August 25, 1944.
19. Romeiser, p. 207.
20. Ibid., p. 208.
21. Ibid., p. 209.
22. Stanley Cloud and Lynne Olson, The Murrow Boys, pp. 316–18.
23. Oldfield, p. 111.
24. Atlanta Constitution, August 28, 1944, p. 5.
25. Rooney, My War, p. 205.
26. Ibid., p. 209.
27. Hamill, p. 974.
28. Ibid., p. 978.
29. Ibid., p. 974.
30. Ibid., p. 986.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid., p. 987.
33. Ibid., pp. 986–87.
34. Kansas City Star, datelined August 25, 1944.
35. AP Boyle column, datelined August 27, 1944.
36. Kansas City Star, datelined August 28, 1944.
37. Oldfield authorization note in Boyle’s personal papers.
38. Rooney, My War, pp. 212–13.
39. Ibid, p. 213.
40. Ibid., p. 214.
41. Ibid., p. 216.
42. Chicago Daily Tribune, August 29, 1944, p. 3.
43. Ibid.
44. Rooney, My War, p. 222.
45. Atlanta Constitution, August 28, 1944, p. 5.
46. Ibid.
47. Kansas City Star, datelined August 28, 1944.
48. Los Angeles Times, August 30, 1944, p. 2.
49. Kansas City Star, datelined August 28, 1944; plus AP Boyle column datelined September 1, 1944.
50. Sokolov, pp. 172–73.
51. Ibid.
52. Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, p. 327.
53. Rooney, My War, p. 224.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid., p. 225.
56. Hamill, p. 990.
57. Ibid., p. 991.
58. Ibid., p. 992.
59. Ibid., p. 522.
CHAPTER 13
Gasping Cough—Crashing into Holland
1. Mark Bernstein and Alex Lubertozzi, World War II on the Air: Edward R. Murrow and the Broadcasts That Riveted a Nation, Murrow audio on CD.
2. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 110.
3. Ibid. (Cronkite became friendly with Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart late in life and enjoyed surprising people with rock concert references.)
4. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, p. 64.
5. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 111.
6. Letters from Walter to Betsy, October 3, 1944, and October 9, 1944.
7. Wilmot, p. 542.
8. Ibid., p. 555.
9. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 267.
10. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 110.
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11. Ibid., pp. 111–12.
12. Kansas City Kansan, September 20, 1944, p. 2.
13. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 112.
14. Ibid., pp. 113–14.
15. Cloud and Olson, p. 228.
16. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 114.
17. Chicago Daily Tribune, September 25, 1944, p. 6.
18. Ibid.
19. Atlanta Constitution, October 2, 1944, p. 1.
20. Stars and Stripes, October 16, 1944, p. 3.
21. http://www.godutch.com/newspaper/index.php?id=291.
22. Stars and Stripes, October 16, 1944, p. 3.
23. Ibid.
24. www.socyberty.com/history/the-battle-of-the-bulge.
25. Bradley, A General’s Life, p. 328.
26. Washington Post, September 21, 1944, p. 3.
27. Los Angeles Times, September 24, 1944, p. 10.
28. Ibid.
29. Kansas City Star, datelined September 20, 1944.
30. Ibid.
31. Stars and Stripes, September 4, 1944, p. 5.
32. Ibid., September 15, 1944, p. 1.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., September 20, 1944, p. 1.
36. Ibid., September 26, 1944, p. 1.
37. Ibid.
38. Ward and Burns, The War, p. 274.
39. Letter from Walter to Betsy, October 3, 1944.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Kansas City Star, datelined September 24, 1944.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid., September 29, 1944.
45. Cronkite mistakenly referred to Jack Frankish as “Fleischer” in his memoir and in various interviews.
46. Letter from Walter to Betsy, May 18, 1944.
47. Stars and Stripes, October 25, 1944, p. 1.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. Interview, e-mails (via his son Chris), and correspondence with Bob Ruthman, March–April 2010.
51. Harper’s Magazine, March 1947, p. 274.
52. Ibid., p. 275.
53. Stars and Stripes, May 15, 1945.
54. Harper’s Magazine, March 1947, p. 276.
55. AP Boyle column, October 10, 1944.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Atlanta Constitution, October 18, 1944, p. 1.
59. AP Boyle column, October 19, 1944.
60. Ambrose, Citizen Soldier, pp. 167–73.
CHAPTER 14
Gray Phantoms and Murder Factories—The Bulge to Buchenwald
1. Boyle, Help, Help!, p. 69.
2. www.historylearningsite.co.uk/malmedy_massacre.htm
3. Kansas City Star, datelined December 17, 1944, p. 1.
4. www.historylearningsite.co.uk/malmedy_massacre.htm
5. Ibid.
6. Boyle, Help, Help!, p. 70.
7. Kansas City Star, datelined December 4, 1944.
8. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, pp. 116–17.
9. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, pp. 68–69.
10. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 117.
11. Miller and Commager, The Story of World War II, pp. 339–41.
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