12. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 117.
13. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, p. 70.
14. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 120.
15. Kansas City Star, datelined December 4, 1944.
16. Ibid., datelined December 1, 1944.
17. Bradley, A General’s Life, pp. 351–55.
18. Ibid., p. 351.
19. Kansas City Star, datelined December 20, 1944.
20. Ibid., datelined December 21, 1944.
21. Ibid., datelined December 24, 1944.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Atlanta Constitution, December 28, 1944, p. 10.
25. Kansas City Star, September or October 1945 (no dateline appeared with the scrapbook clip, but it ran in the Star while Boyle was assigned to Hong Kong after the war).
26. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 121.
27. Letter from Walter to Betsy, December 27, 1944.
28. Ibid.
29. Stars and Stripes, January 4, 1945, p. 6.
30. Ibid.
31. Hamill, p. 543.
32. Kansas City Star, datelined December 28, 1944.
33. Ibid.
34. E-mail from Brian Frankish, April 2010, plus AP Boyle article, December 23, 1944.
35. Kansas City Star, datelined December 23, 1944.
36. E-mail from Brian Frankish, April 2010.
37. Kansas City Star, February 1, 1945.
38. Ibid., March 3, 1945.
39. Rooney, My War, pp. 251–55.
40. Bradley, A General’s Life, p. 406.
41. Ibid., p. 407.
42. Rooney, My War, p. 252.
43. Ibid., pp. 255–56.
44. Ibid., p. 264.
45. Kansas City Star, datelined April 9, 1945.
46. Rooney, My War, p. 265.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid., p. 268.
49. Ibid.
50. Kansas City Star, datelined April 4, 1945.
51. Letter from Hal to Frances, March 24, 1945.
52. Ibid.
53. Kansas City Star, datelined April 27, 1945.
54. Ibid., datelined May 1, 1945.
55. Interview with Brian Rooney, May 2010.
56. Interviews with and e-mails from Ed Boyle, Jr., 2010.
57. Stars and Stripes, May 8, 1945, p. 1.
58. Kansas City Star, datelined May 4, 1945.
59. Article by Don Whitehead, AP World, Summer 1947.
60. Kansas City Star, datelined May 14, 1945.
EPILOGUE
A Good Age
1. Wade, pp. 84–85; also New York Herald Tribune, September 2, 1945, p. 1.
2. Ibid., p. 56; also New York Herald Tribune, November 15, 1944.
3. Interviews with Colleen Sheets and Sally Sheets Wiggin, 2010–2011.
4. Ibid.
5. www.303rdbg.com.
6. www.6thbeachbat.org.
7. Interviews with Rigg friends Sunny Smith and Lester Trott from the Annapolis Yacht Club, April 2011.
8. AP Boyle column, June 11, 1947.
9. Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life, p. 125.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., A Reporter’s Life, p. 128.
12. Rooney, My War, p. 272.
13. Interview with Andy Rooney, April 2011.
14. Rooney, My War, p. xiii, foreword by Tom Brokaw.
15. Ibid.
16. AP telegram, January 1945, in Boyle’s papers.
17. Boyle-Tebbel proposal, undated (but probably 1946), in Boyle’s papers.
18. Kansas City Star, datelined June 3, 1945.
19. Boyle, Help, Help!, p. 16.
20. New York Times obituary of Boyle, April 1974.
21. Arnett, p. 118.
22. Calvin Trillin’s April 1974 New Yorker tribute to Boyle, reprinted in the Kansas City Star, May 2, 1974, p. 20D.
23. Interview with Andy Rooney, April 2011.
24. Don Whitehead tribute to Boyle, undated (but clearly spring 1974), published as a bylined column, clip courtesy of Ed Boyle, Jr.
25. Quoted in New York Times obituary of Boyle, April 1974.
26. Trillin, April 1974 New Yorker tribute to Boyle.
27. Quoted in New York Times obituary of Boyle, April 1974.
28. Personal correspondence in Boyle’s personal papers.
29. Quoted in Wade, p. xvi.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid, p. xxiii.
32. Interview with Neil Sheehan, May 2011.
33. Karen Rothmyer, “The Quiet Exit of Homer Bigart,” American Journalism Review, Fall 1991, www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=1543.
34. Ibid.
35. Interview with Betsy Wade, March 2010.
36. Photo caption in Wade, following p. 182.
37. Rothmyer.
38. Interview with Betsy Wade, March 2010.
39. New York Times obituary, April 17, 1991.
40. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, p. 165.
41. D-Day Plus 20 Years, CBS News documentary, 1964.
42. Cronkite and Carleton, Conversations, pp. 166–67.
43. Gallez, Château de Vouilly, p. 24.
44. E-mail from Alastair Layzell, August 2011.
45. Hamill, p. 313.
46. Interview with Pete Hamill, July 2011.
47. Hamill, p. 310.
INDEX
A-20 bombers, 1–5, 98
A-36 Invaders, 185, 189, 223, 224
Aachen, Germany, 402, 406, 408, 425
ABC News, 369
Abrams, Creighton W., Jr., 421
Abwehr (German spy agency), 193
Acme Pictures, 292
Adams, Howard, 142, 143
Adriatic Sea, 336, 339
African-American soldiers, 354–55
Afrika Korps, 101, 104
Agrigento, Sicily, 200, 201
Air Gunner (Rooney and Hutton), 250
Aix-en-Provence, France, 341
Akers, Mert, 89
Alabama (Confederate raider), 86
Alban Hills, Italy, 18, 236
Albania, 227–29
Alexander, Shana, 448
Alexander, Sir Harold, 75, 82, 192, 215, 218, 220, 224, 236, 238, 239, 455
Algeria, 75, 91, 92, 112
Algiers, 101
Allen, Terry de la Mesa, 99, 195
Amblève River, 417–18
Ambrose, Stephen E., 298
America First movement, 48, 186
American Civil War, 156, 218
American forces
First Allied Airborne Army, 352–54, 380–82
First Army, 250, 267, 285, 288, 291, 292, 312, 330, 333, 345, 347, 353, 394, 410, 414, 424, 429, 434, 435
First Bomb Wing, 141–42
First Infantry Division (Big Red One), 10–11, 17, 20, 91–92, 99, 100, 105, 113, 195, 196, 198, 202, 259, 277, 304, 317–18, 325–26, 332, 333, 394–95, 440
Second Armored Division, 198, 200, 440
II Corps, 103, 104, 112, 312
Second Bomb Wing, 163
Second Infantry Division, 302, 304, 440
Third Armored Division, 408, 428, 440
Third Army, 112, 310, 311, 322, 330–32, 333, 339, 345, 346, 353, 401, 414–15, 419, 432, 434
Third Infantry Division, 195, 198, 200–2, 204, 341, 440
Third Infantry Division, Second Battalion, 177–88
Fourth Armored Division, 422
Fourth Infantry Division, 14, 15, 270–71, 304, 316, 318, 363, 372
Fifth Army, 18, 19, 219–24, 264, 335, 336
Fifth Infantry Division, 331, 440
Sixth Amphibious Naval Beach Battalion, 9
Sixth Armored Division, 432
Sixth Naval Beach Battalion, 24
Seventh Armored Division, 348, 389
Seventh Army, 177, 178, 192, 196, 202, 210, 343
VII Corps, 272, 273, 287, 311
Seventh Infantry Regiment, 179
Eighth Army Air Force, 1, 124, 126–27, 133, 135, 143, 150, 153–55, 160, 161, 16
4, 165, 174, 249, 315
Eighth Corps, 328
Ninth Air Force, 167, 249, 252, 279, 285, 330, 350
Ninth Armored Division, 429, 430
Ninth Infantry Division, 270–71, 286, 318, 408, 435, 440
12th Air Support Command, 222–23
12th Army Group, 288, 330, 353, 354, 362, 391, 416
Fifteenth Infantry Regiment, 179
Seventeenth Field Artillery, 37, 54, 66, 103
26th Division, 196, 197, 198
26th Regimental Combat Team, 105
28th Infantry Division, 363, 372
29th Infantry Division (Blue and Gray), 296, 298, 301–4, 304–6, 311
30th Division, 186, 315, 316, 318, 330, 412, 419
American forces (cont.)
Thirty-fifth Infantry Division, 302
36th Infantry Division, 214–15, 218, 222, 225, 231–33, 440
37th Tank Battalion, 421, 422
39th Regiment, 435–36
44th Bomb Group, 142
45th Infantry Division, 195, 199–202, 204–6, 222, 440
Forty-seventh Bombardment Group, 98
69th Infantry Regiment, 136
79th Infantry Division, 270–71, 290
82nd Airborne Division, 15, 197–99, 258, 271, 381, 384, 440
83rd Infantry Division, 428
Ninetieth Infantry Division, 331
91st Bomb Group, 143
101st Airborne Division, 15, 112, 258, 352, 378, 381, 383, 384, 385–88, 414, 421, 440
102nd Cavalry Group, 363
102nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, 298–99
113th Cavalry Group, 426
116th Infantry Regiment, 304, 305
141st Infantry Division, 214
142nd Regiment, 215
285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion, 410
291st Engineer Combat Battalion, 419
303rd Bomb Group (Hell’s Angels), 2, 8, 133, 143–44, 150, 156, 248, 459
305th Bomb Group, 143
306th Bomb Group, 128, 133, 248
314th Infantry Division, 272
351st Bomb Group, 160
359th Squadron, 150, 153
366th Tactical Fighter Group, 313, 315
427th Bomb Squadron, 6, 21–22
445th Bomb Group, 162, 163
453rd Bomb Group, 163
807th Medical Air Evacuation Squadron, 227–29
820th Engineer Aviation Battalion, 127
825th Tank Destroyer Battalion, 419
Darby’s Rangers, 337
Fighting 69th Division, 434
American Red Cross, 250
AMGOT (Allied Military Government of Occupied Territories), 205
Amsterdam, Holland, 281, 354
Andrews, Dana, 159
Anti-Semitism, 92
Antiaircraft weapons, 122, 145, 151
Antwerp, Belgium, 391, 417
Anzio beachhead, Italy, 17, 18, 218, 235–40, 442
Apennines, Italy, 218
Appian Way, Italy, 236, 237
Ardennes Forest, Belgium, 332, 401, 409–12, 416, 417, 418, 425
Area bombing, 125, 126, 155
Argentan, France, 330, 331
Arnett, Peter, 453
Arnhem, Holland, 382, 384, 385
Arnim, Jürgen von, 103
Arno River, 336
Arnold, Hap, 160, 173
Art theft, 335
Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts, 447
Artwork, Dutch, 397
Associated Press (AP), 2, 8, 16, 17, 22, 26, 38–40, 80, 90, 94, 95, 130, 133–35, 147, 160, 177, 200–1, 230, 251, 260, 261, 266–69, 288, 292, 293, 449, 452
Astor, Lady, 249
Atlanta Constitution, 389
Atlantic, Battle of the, 54, 56
Atlantic Wall, 271
Atlas Mountains, 103
Aubel, Belgium, 406–8
Aulock, Andreas von, 328
Auschwitz concentration camp, 445
Avranches, France, 324, 329
Axis Sally, 237
Azores, 82
B-17 Flying Fortresses, 1–6, 8–9, 21–22, 121–24, 128, 140, 141–45, 150–53, 156–59, 162–63, 166–67, 174, 175, 192, 251, 253, 315
B-24 Liberators, 124, 128, 142, 143, 145, 162, 163, 192, 251, 253, 260–61, 315
B-26 Marauders, 4, 125, 168–73, 192, 243–44, 251, 273
Baade, Paul, 302
Bad Godesberg, Germany, 434
Bagnoles de l’Orne, France, 333, 344, 346, 347
Bailey, William, 320–22
Baillie, Hugh, 56, 246–47, 254
Baine, Hubert, 435–36
Balkan Peninsula, 339
Baltimore Afro-American, 91
Banshee (B-17), 121–24, 145
Barbara Line, 218
Barker, John C., 157
Barneville, France, 272, 289
Barton, Raymond, 363
Bastogne, Belgium, 112, 414, 419, 421–22, 425
Bataan peninsula, 208
Battle of San Pietro, The (documentary), 230, 234–35
Bayeux, France, 288
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 260, 362
Bear, Paul, 395
Belden, Jack, 177, 182, 409, 410
Belfort, France, 363
Belgium, 387, 390, 391, 398, 401, 406–15, 417–20, 434, 435–37, 439
Bennett, Homer W. “Benny,” 318–19
Bernard, Lyle A., 177–82, 184–87
Bethnal Green tube station tragedy, England, 129
Bigart, Anna Schardt, 34
Bigart, Homer S., 33–34, 52, 68, 154, 158
Bigart, Homer William, 17, 27, 28, 136, 244, 247, 359, 385, 447
article on The Duchess mission by, 151, 153
Atlantic crossing of, 69–71
censorship and, 206–8, 218
childhood of, 34
combat missions flown by, 25, 124, 143–45, 149, 455
combat training and, 139, 140
Cronkite and, 117, 133–34, 146, 207, 455
death of, 455
on flak farms, 164–66
in France, 334, 339–44
on French Resistance, 339–42
Îles d’Hyères islands and, 334, 337–39, 442
insecurity of, 51
in Italian campaign, 18–19, 218, 221, 224, 227, 230–40, 334–36, 339, 344, 418, 442, 453, 454, 455
Japanese surrender and, 441
Kennedy assassination and, 455–56
in Korea, 452, 453
marriages of, 454
at New York Herald Tribune, 34–35, 50, 51, 441, 453
at New York Times, 453, 454
in North African campaign, 76
in Pacific Theater, 344, 442
Patton and, 112, 210
personality of, 34
physical appearance of, 34, 117, 454
postwar reunions and, 450
Pulitzer Prizes awarded to, 27, 442, 453, 454
Rooney and, 117–18, 250, 455
Shackeroo story by, 166–67
in Sicilian campaign, 177, 180–89, 192–94, 198, 202–11, 217, 260, 442
speech impediment of, 34, 35, 118, 207, 454
in Vietnam, 453–54
writing technique of, 51
Bingham, Barry, 11
Bissell, Clayton, 404
Bitter Battle, The (J. Eisenhower), 422
Blakeney, Charles, 310
Blanchard, Mrs., 360–61, 363
Blinkoff, Jack, 395
Blitz of 1940–41, 62, 137, 241, 243
Blue Network, 266, 426
Blue Streak, The (B-24 Liberator), 260–61
Bocage (hedgerows), 297–99, 303, 318
Boni, Bill, 351–53
Boston bombers, 167
Bourke-White, Margaret, 26
Boyer, Dick, 48
Boyle, Ed, 24, 263
Boyle, Harold V. “Hal,” 10, 24, 28, 52, 148, 191, 206, 256, 353, 361, 385, 447
accident of, 373
amphibious landings by, 17
at AP New York operation, 49–50
Atlantic crossing of, 53, 54, 59
in Belgium, 406–11, 416–20, 425–27, 439
Bradley briefing and, 312–14
childhood of, 38–39
at college, 39
combat missions flown by, 124, 125
concentration camps and, 432, 433
D-Day and, 16, 23, 280
Darlan assassination and, 93–94, 96
death of, 451
final column by, 451, 452
in France, 275, 280, 286–94, 298–303, 305–6, 312–14, 318–19, 321–24, 326–28, 332–35, 344–46, 354–57, 359, 360, 363, 367–68, 370–73, 439
on French Resistance, 356–57
German prisoners and, 392–93, 400, 434, 436
in Germany, 428, 431–37, 442
Help, Help! Another Day! by, 212
hitchhiking in Tunisia by, 111–12
on Hitler Youth, 433–34
on Hitler’s suicide, 438
in Holland, 391, 393–94
insecurity of, 51
Italian campaign and, 212–16, 218, 221–23, 225–30, 235, 236, 262, 439
in Korea, 449
Leaves from a War Correspondent’s Notebook by, 17, 50, 111, 241, 261, 409
Liebling and, 76, 110–11, 117, 120
in London, 244, 268–69
Malmédy Massacre and, 410–12
marriage of, 40
in North African campaign, 72–76, 78, 79, 83, 86–87, 93–97, 105–14, 118–20, 190, 193, 410, 439
in Pacific Theater, 438–40, 442
Patton and, 112–13, 196, 209
personality of, 16, 17, 38
physical appearance of, 17, 72
postwar reunions and, 450
postwar visit to Normandy by, 307
publicity tour by, 260–62
Pulitzer Prize awarded to, 27, 218, 439, 449
Pyle and, 96, 261
return to U.S., 260–63, 402
Rooney and, 250
in Sicilian campaign, 11, 187–88, 194–96, 198–202, 210, 217
in Story of G.I. Joe, 260, 264–66
Veterans of Foreign Wars medal awarded to, 449
in Vietnam, 450, 453
wartime mementoes of, 368, 437
women, fascination with, 229–30
writing technique of, 50–51
Boyle, John, 263
Boyle, Margaret, 263
Boyle, Mary Frances Young, 16, 40, 106, 113, 261, 263, 264, 267, 280, 286, 289, 291, 353, 434, 449–51
Boyle, Monica Murphy, 24, 263
Boyle, Neil, 263
Boyle, Tracy, 113, 437
Bradley, Omar, 23, 49–51, 75, 99, 102–4, 113, 173, 178–79, 187, 188, 192, 209–10, 257–58, 267, 272–75, 288, 296, 298, 299, 301, 303, 309–16, 318, 326, 328–30, 332, 344–45, 357, 363, 381, 382, 391, 396, 401, 414–17, 429–30, 434, 449–50, 460
Bragaw, Henry C., 234
Brandt, Bert, 255, 292
Braun, Joe, 28
Assignment to Hell Page 57