infamous side of, 24–25
journals of, 111
languages spoken by, 25n
lizard brain of, 105
Mecca journey of, 24, 49–50
passion of, 124–25
prep for African trip by, 104
quitting of, 186–87
scar on cheek of, 86–87
Somaliland Expedition of, 25, 49, 86, 103–4, 106, 119
Speke’s conflict with, 149–50, 216
Speke’s debate with, 3–4
Speke’s relationship with, 103–4, 110–11
syphilis of, 55
tomb of, 151
unconventional thinking of, 88
Burton-Speke Expedition, 107–11, 114–24, 148–49, 158–59, 181–82, 228, 268n
Burton’s quitting on, 188–89
Burton’s sickness on, 150, 152
daily ritual of, 111
finding of Tanganyika on, 153–54
malaria on, 149
Rusizi River in, 183–84
Speke’s leaving of, 187–88
Speke’s ophthalmia on, 152
timepiece broken in, 119–24
Burundi, 192
Byrd, Richard, 172
Cabot, Sebastian, 70n
Caesar, Julius, 78
Cain, Susan, 202
Cairo, 234
California, 30, 31
Cameron, Stanley, 153n
Cameron, Verney Lovett, 153n
camp followers, 110
Canada, 211
Canelos, 74
canned food, 169n
Cape of Good Hope, 91
Cape Town, 23, 37
caravan, 109–11
caravel (ship), 91–92, 102
Carlos IV, King of Spain, 176
Carnarvon, Earl of, 237–41, 244–45
death of, 245n–46n
Cartagena, 178
Carter, Howard, 241–45, 246
Casiquiare Canal, 177
Catherine the Great, 43–44, 45
Catholic Church, 61
Catholic missions, 30
caudate nucleus, 126
Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route, 109n
Chamonix, 137
Charlotte, Queen consort of England, 101n
Cherry-Garrard, Apsley, 9–10, 168
on Scott, 14
Chevalier, Pierre, 136
Chimborazo mountain, 179
cholera, 187
Christ, passion of, 125
Chuma, 147
Churchill, Winston, 97, 206, 234n, 237, 252
Church Missionary Society, 80–81
“Citizenship in a Republic” (Roosevelt), 191
Clark, William, 43, 211, 232
cloth, 184
cobras, 118
coffeehouses, 61n
Coleman, James, 128, 129
colonialism, 234
Columbus, Christopher, 15, 58, 60–61, 64–65, 71, 75, 92, 130n, 152, 176, 193–94, 201, 211
death of, 68
fourth voyage of, 63–64, 65–67
pessimism of, 71
third voyage of, 65
Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 170n
Concorde, 201
concubines, 110
confidence, 224–25, 230
Congo bay owl, 192n
Congo River, 114, 115n
Conrad, Joseph, 93n
Conway, Rufus, 35
Cook, Frederick, 248
Cook, James, 29, 31, 32–34, 36, 39–41, 42, 45, 60, 62, 66, 70, 101n, 102, 128, 130n, 143, 155–56, 168, 175, 180n, 194, 201, 240, 246, 256
personal journals of, 43
statue of, 268, 268n
corporate culture, 165
courage, 14, 16–17, 104–5, 159–63, 172, 185
development of, 174–75
mediocrity as enemy of, 163–64
moral, 165–67, 173–74
Cousteau, Jacques, 247
creative problem solving, 101
creative risk-taking, 100–101
creativity, 27
Crimean War, 55, 76, 86
crocodiles, 117, 182
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 17n
Cumberland Gap, 30, 31
curiosity, 16–17, 26–29, 39, 40–41, 51, 56, 85, 91, 127, 172
suppression of, 163
“wanting” and “liking” in, 28
Curiosity (Mars rover), 29
curragh (boat), 58, 60, 91, 102
Da Gama, Vasco, 68
Daimler, Gottlieb, 238n
Dampier, William, 70, 166, 166n
Daumel, Rene, 270
Davis, Daniel, 2, 259, 260, 261
Davison, Ann, 130
daydreaming, 165, 165n
decision making, 199–200, 264
Dehra Run, 130–31
Democratic Republic of the Congo, 157–58
Denali, 248n
dengue fever, 186
Dias, Bortolomeu, 68, 91, 92n
discretion, 264–65
disease, 114–16
“divergent thinking,” 71–72
dopamine, 29, 126, 249, 250–51, 264
Downton Abbey (TV show), 237
Dragon of Salem, 214
Drake, Francis, 70
drinking, 227n
Dubai Ports World, 19n
Du Chaillu, Paul, 113
dysentery, 114
Earhart, Amelia, 206, 209
Earth, 12
Ecuador, 73
Edison, Thomas, 101
education, 165
Eesa, 53
Egypt, 78, 80
Egyptians, 59–60
Egyptology, 239–45
Elephant Island, 100
Eletrophorus electricus, 177
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 141
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 174
Endeavour, 31, 36, 39–40
Endurance, 99, 100
envy, 200
Erebus, 93, 94, 95, 98
Erebus, Mount, 98
Erhardt, James, 80–81, 82, 83, 87
Ethiopia, 6
Evans, Edgar, 171
Everest, George, 132, 181
Everest, Mount, 15, 48, 131–32, 138–39, 140–41, 169, 246, 250
explorers, exploration, 10, 12, 13–15, 17–18, 92, 141, 174, 233, 269–70
aviation epoch in, 205–6
characteristics of successful, 10–11
curiosity of, 26–27, 28–29
defining of, 1–2
empire and, 246
end of, 210n, 247
failure and, 144
hardships of, 9–10
history of, 16
hope of, 62–63
independence of, 204–5
Indiana Jones form of, 240
as introverts, 201–2
morality and, 166
nautical era of, 60
as outcasts, 17
passing of, 11–13
passion of, 16–17, 114, 124–27, 130–31, 141, 148
polar, 168–74
self-discipline in, 226–27
seven common traits of, 16–17, 189
of space, 210n, 247
wealth and fame of, 85
world’s first, 5–6
writing about, 134–35
extroverts, 200, 203
failure, 15, 89, 91, 144
fear, 162–63
Ferdinand II of Aragon, 65, 67
Ferguson, Adam, 35
Fernando Po island, 235
filariasis, 186
/> First Anglo-Sikh War, 21
First Cataract, 79
Five Footsteps in East Africa (Burton), 104
Fleming, Peter, 14
Florida, 36
Florida Everglades, 118n
Fordyce, William, 35
Forster, George, 175
Forte, HMS, 216, 218
France, 73
Franklin, John, 10, 92–96, 96n
Franklin, Lady, 95
Franklin Expedition, 100
French Guiana, 73
Fuller, George, 2, 259–60
Furious, 214
fur trade, 45
Siberian, 44
Gabon vipers, 117–18
Galloway, Earl of, 35
gazelle, Speke’s, 2, 180
Geological Society, 84
George III, King of England, 47, 101n, 180n
Georgia, 36
Gladstone, William Ewart, 127
goals, 71
Gobi Desert, 246
Godin, Isabel, 73–75, 175
Godin, Jean, 72–73, 75
“goose bumps,” 161–62
gorillas, 113
Grameson, Isabel, 72
Grand Trigonometrical Survey, 130–31
Grant, James, 216, 220–32
Great Britain, 34, 69–70, 77–78, 92, 121
explorations of, 70–71
and sub-Saharan Africa, 23
Greece, 78
Greeks, 59
green mambas, 118
Greenwich Mean Time, 121–22, 149
Grogan, Ewart, 127–30, 263
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 166n
Gustave (crocodile), 182n
Hannu, 59
Harar, 49, 50, 50n, 104, 105, 184
Harper, Walter, 132n
Harrison, Benjamin, 248n
Harrison, John, 121, 127
Hawaiian Islands, 32, 33–34
Hawke, Edward, 128
Hawke’s Bay, 128
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 93n
helminth parasites, 186
Hemingway, Ernest, 227
Henry the Navigator, 91, 92
Henry VIII, King of England, 70n
Herbert, Stanhope Molyneux, 238–39
herd mentality, 164
Herndon, William, 269n
Herndon Monument, 269n
Herne, G. E., 49, 52, 55
Herodotus, 78–79, 81, 192n, 268
Herzog, Maurice, 135–37
Highclere Castle, 238, 239
Hillary, Edmund, 7, 139–42, 170n
Hillary, Richard, 206–7
Himalayas, 131, 140
hippopotamus, 117
Hispaniola, 66
historical asterisks, 193
hope, 16–17, 56, 62–63, 71–72, 75–76, 85, 88, 91, 92, 102, 127, 172, 225
lizard brain as enemy of, 90–91
Houghton, Daniel, 47
Houston, Charles, 219
Humboldt, Alexander von, 175–80, 181
Humboldt Current, 180
Hunt, John, 140, 196, 249–50
hyenas, 117
hypoxemia, 133
Iceland, 60
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 96–97, 99–100
independence, 16–17, 191–218
aviation and, 205–10
India, 21, 130–31
Indian Ocean, 59, 91, 108
Indians, 110
introverts, introversion, 200–202, 203
Inuit, 95
Ireland, 58
Isabella I of Castile, 65, 67, 68
Israel, 6
Jamaica, 66
Janszoon, Willem, 194
Jefferson, Thomas, 43–44, 45, 179
Jobs, Steve, 15
Johnson, Amy, 207–9
Johnson, Samuel, 38
Jones, Indiana (char.), 240
Jordan family, 20–21
Journal of Captain Cook’s Last Voyage, A (Ledyard), 42
K2, 219
Kagera River, 192
Kama Sutra, 25
Kangchenjunga, 131
Karachi, 24–25, 184, 208
Kasumo, 192
Kazeh, 109, 149, 152, 155, 187, 188, 212
Kealakekua Bay, 33
Kensington Gardens, 266, 268
Kenya, Mount, 48–49
Kenya-Uganda Railway, 89n
Khartoum, 231–32
khat, 50
Kigoma, 158
Kilimanjaro, Mount, 48–49, 132
Kingani River, 124
King William Island, 93–95
Kirby, Mike, 13
Krapf, Johann, 48
Lachenal, Louis, 135, 136, 137
La Condamine, Charles Marie de, 72
La Perouse, Jean Françoise de, 40, 40n–41n
latitude, 120n
Laveran, Alphonse, 115n
Lawrence, T. E., 101, 164, 234n
lead poisoning, 170
Leakey, Louis, 247
learning goals, 63
Ledyard, John, 41–46
aborted circumambulation of, 43–44, 46
Leighton, Frederic, 86–87
leishmaniasis, 186
Leonardo da Vinci, 100–101
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 214n
Lewis, C. S., 163
Lewis, Meriwether, 43, 211, 232
Libya, 157
Libyan Desert, 12
Lincoln, Abraham, 232–33
Lindbergh, Charles, 62–63, 206, 209
Lindsay, Martin, 226
Linnaean Association, 39
lions, 117
Livingstone, David, 7, 23, 62, 85, 143–48, 181, 201, 236, 253, 256–57, 264–65, 268
Livingstone, David (2011 medal winner), 13
Livingstone, Mary, 143–44
lizard brain, 88–90, 95–96, 102, 105, 161
as enemy of hope, 90–91
London, 6–7, 70–71, 187
London Geographical Society, 81
London School of Economics, 227n
longitude, 120, 121, 122, 123, 148–49
Louisiana Territory, 31
Louvre, 8
Lowther Lodge, 7–8
Lucas, Simon, 47
Luxor, 239–45
McKinley, Mount, 132, 248n
McKinley, William, 248n
Magdalena River, 178
Maizan, 218
malaria, 115–16, 115n, 123, 149
Mallory, George, 138, 139
mapmaking, 59, 120, 123
marine chronometers, 121–23, 127, 148–49
Maritime Geography and Statistics (Tuckey), 115n
Markham, Clements, 97–98, 97n
Mars, 29
mastery goals, 71
Matilda vipers, 118n
Matterhorn, 134
Maturin, Basil William, 225, 226
Maud, 142, 143n
Mazan, Lieutenant, 106
Mecca, 24, 49–50, 86, 184
mediocrity, 160–61, 163–64, 250
Mediterranean Ocean, 59
memory, 161, 200
Mercedes-Benz, 238n–39n
Meroe, 37
Meyer, Hans, 132n
“mindfulness,” 229
Mississippi River, 77, 77n
Mont Analogue (Daumel), 270
Montesquieu, 79
moral courage, 165–67, 173–74
morality, 167
Morris, Jan, 141n
Moses, 78
mosquitos, 116
mountaineering, 132–37, 270
&
nbsp; Mountains of the Moon, 49, 50, 79, 80
Munchhausen, Baron, 38
Murchison, Roderick, 83–84, 85–86, 91, 92, 145, 186, 215, 234, 253, 254, 255n, 256, 257, 258, 262, 265, 266, 267
Murchison Promontory, 255n
Muslim traders, 112
Mzungera tribe, 106
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 48, 78
Napoleon III, 254
NASA, 29
National Antarctic Expedition, 97
National Childhood Developmental Study, 227n
Native Americans, 22n, 232
Navy, US, 31
Necho, circumnavigation of Africa by, 60
Nelson, Lord, 48
Neston Park, 3, 259, 261, 266
New York Morning Herald, 145, 146
New York Times, 138, 247–48
New Zealand, 31, 128–29, 139
Nietzche, Friedrich, 13
Niger River, 37, 46, 47, 113
Nile, Battle of the (1798), 48
Nile Debate, 3–4, 144, 151, 198, 202, 247–48, 249, 256–57, 258–59, 261–62, 264–65
Nile River, 2, 12, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 51, 60, 87, 113, 154, 159, 189, 194, 230, 244, 246, 257
name of, 78
reason for exploring, 77–78
source of, 3, 49, 55–56, 78–79, 84, 87, 146–47, 169, 181, 192–93, 212–13, 215, 263, 267
Speke’s discovery of source of, 189–90, 195–97, 247
Sudd of, 79–80
Nobile, Umberto, 142–43
norepinephrine, 88–89
Norgay, Tenzing, 140
Northeast Passage, 142
North Korea, 157
North Pole, 63, 99, 99n, 142, 168, 169, 194, 248, 248n
Northwest Passage, 10, 92–93, 99, 142, 167
Noyce, Wilfrid, 15
Nyungwe National Forest, 192
Oates, Lawrence, 166–67, 171–73
obelisks, 269, 269n
Obscene Publications Act (1857), 25
Ogobe River, 113
Olduvai Gorge, 5, 247
Olympics, 250–51
Oman, 112
onchocerciasis, 186
ophthalmia, 66, 152
optimism, 62–63, 71
Oregon Trail, 77
orgasm, 249
Orinoco River, 176–77, 178
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 248n
outcasts, 17
Outram, James, 23–24, 49
Pacific Ocean, 67
Pakistan, 157
Palmerston, Lord, 253
Panama Canal, 67, 214n
Park, Mungo, 9
Parry, William, 169
passion, 16–17, 114, 124–27, 130–31, 141, 148, 172
Peary, Robert, 63, 99, 99n, 194, 248
Pease, Peter, 207
Pei, I. M., 8
Peking, 27
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, 19n
“penis-cutting people,” 22
Pennsylvania, University, 16–17
Pera, 234n–35n
perseverance, 16–17, 225, 236, 237–41
learning of, 251–52
triggers for, 249
Persia, 112
The Explorers Page 23