perspiration, 161
pessimism, 71
Petherick, John, 254
Phelps, Michael, 250
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 113
Philip, Arthur, 36, 40n–41n
Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah (Burton), 76–77
pirates, Barbary, 47
Plano Trabuco, 30, 31
pleasure, 249
pocket watches, 120–21
polar bears, 94–95, 143
polar exploration, 168–74
polar semi-desert, 94
pontine micturition center, 162
Portola, Gaspar de, 30, 31–32
Portugal, 64, 69n, 73, 77
Portuguese, 112
Post, Wiley, 206
potential, 15
prefrontal cortex, 126, 249
prime meridian, 122
procrastination, 89
Ptolemy, 49, 79, 81
puff adders, 117, 118
Pulteney, William, 35
Purtscheller, Ludwig, 132n
quitting, 252
railroads, 120
Rakodah, 49
Rawdon, Francis, 35
Rebmann, Johannes, 48, 83, 87
map of, 80–81, 82, 83
Rebuffat, Gaston, 136, 137, 226
Reformation, 61
rescue parties, 10
Resolution, 33, 42, 45
Revolutionary War, 41
Riobamba, 73–74
Rio da Duvida (River of Doubt), 212
Rio Negro, 177
risk, 163
risk avoidance, 161
risk-taking, creative, 100–101
river blindness, 186
Robson, Brian, 13
rock pythons, 118, 118n
“Roger,” 6n
Rome, 78
Roosevelt, Theodore, 191, 211–12,
234n
Ross, James Clark, 97–98
Ross, John, 8, 9, 10
Ross, Ronald, 115n
Ross, William, 254–55
Ross Ice Shelf, 168, 171
Royal Air Force, 209
Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 7–8, 10, 11–13, 15, 29, 48–49, 81, 83–84, 86, 92, 93, 104, 105, 129–30, 151, 153n, 186, 198, 214–15, 229, 232, 234, 247, 254, 255, 268
archives of, 8
funding of, 85
gold medal of, 8–9, 11, 84
headquarters of, 7n
membership of, 83
Royal Marines, 42
Royal Mineral Water Hospital, 257–58
Royal Observatory, 121, 121n
Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, 29, 35
Ruapeho, Mount, 139
“runner’s high,” 126
Rusizi River, 183–84, 186–87, 198, 261, 263
Russia, 43–44, 246, 248n
Ruvyironza River, 192
Ryan, Richard, 16
sacrifice, 125
Sahara Desert, 13, 47, 79, 80
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 163–64
satellite phone, 201
Saturday’s Club, 35–36, 37, 38–39
schistosomiasis, 186
Schomburg, Robert H., 12
Scott, Robert Falcon, 7, 98, 167–74
Cherry-Garrard’s description of, 14
scurvy, 170
SEALs, 165, 185
self-awareness, 227–28
self-direction, 203
self-discipline, 16–17, 174–75, 219–36
extremist reputation of, 226–27
importance of, 225–26
self-efficacy, 222–23, 224, 229–30
“Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change” (Bandura), 222
self-mastery, 222–23, 224
Seligman, Martin, 17n
Selkirk, Alexander, 166n
serotonin, 252, 264
Seward’s Purchase, 248n
Shackleton, Ernest, 7, 9, 62, 98, 101–3, 180n, 201, 268
advertisement placed by, 96–97
fame of, 97
Imperial Trans-Antarctiv Expedition of, 96–97, 99–100
successful Antarctic expedition of, 98–99
Shepheard, Samuel, 234n
Shepheard Hotel, 234
Shipton, Eric, 140, 142n
Siberia, 44
Siberian fur trade, 44
Sikdhar, Radhanath, 131
Silurian System, The (Murchison), 84
Simpson, Thomas, 8
slavery, 64, 91, 108, 109
sleeping sickness, 116
Slocum, Joshua, 9
smallpox, 74
snakes, 117–19
Snow, Dr., 260–61
Snyder, Charles, 88
Sogdian Rock, 132
Somali coast, 49–50
Somaliland, 22–23, 24, 50, 51, 76
Somaliland Expedition, 25, 49, 86, 103–4, 105, 106, 119
somatic arousal, 161–63
South America, 65, 72, 175–76
Southern Ocean, 101
South Georgia Island, 101, 102, 103, 180n
South Pole, 12, 97, 99, 142, 167–74
space exploration, 210n, 247
Spain, 64, 69n, 73
Speke, John Hanning, 1–4, 10, 12, 18, 19–20, 22–23, 25–26, 49–50, 51, 52, 55–56, 59, 64, 76, 80, 87–88, 103, 104–5, 117, 146–47, 148, 166, 180–82, 194, 197–99, 201, 212–13, 214–15, 249, 252–53, 257, 260, 263, 266, 269
African knowledge of, 222
anger at Burton of, 111
Berbera attack on, 52–55
Burton’s attempts to discredit, 213
Burton’s conflict with, 149–50, 216
Burton’s debate with, 3–4
Burton’s invitation to join, 106
Burton’s relationship with, 103–4, 110–11
characteristics of, 104
confidence of, 222
courage of, 104–5
curiosity of, 28–29
death of, 1, 259–61, 262–63
fall from grace of, 254–55
as hunter, 2, 21–22
illness of, 213
independence of, 199
in India, 21
intellect of, 236
journals of, 253–54
lack of fear in, 217–18
as loner, 20
monument of, 266–69
naïveté of, 22
Nile journey of, 216–17, 220–32
as ordinary, 20
as outsider, 22
passion of, 124–25
penchant for solitude of, 21
in return to England, 234–36
self-discipline of, 223–24, 228–29
source of Nile discovered by, 189–90, 195–97, 247
see also Burton-Speke Expedition
Speke, Mount, 180
Speke, William, 20
Speke-Grant expedition, 220–32
Speke Gulf, 180
Speke obelisk, 7
Speke’s gazelle, 2, 180
Springsteen, Bruce, 17n
Stanley, Henry Morton, 62, 115n, 130, 145–46, 148n, 184, 201, 234n, 263, 265
Star Trek, 210n
State Department, U.S., 157, 158
Steinbauer, Wolfgang, 235n
Stockholm, 44
Stocks, J. Ellerton, 25
Stoddart, David, 11, 11n, 12
Stone Town Harbor, 107–8, 114
stress hormones, 161
stress response, 89
Stroyan, William, 49, 51–52, 54
Stuart, Andrew, 35
>
Stuart, Margaret, 115n
subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), 162–63
Sudan, 31
Sudd, 79–80, 217
Suez Canal, 214n
sunglasses, 152
Superior, Lake, 197n
supplemental oxygen, 133
Susi, 147
Swift, Jonathan, 166n
Sydney, Thomas Townshend, Viscount, 36
syphilis, 55
Tahiti, 31
Tana, Lake, 194n
Tanganyika, Lake, 109, 153–55, 158–59, 181, 185–86, 189, 197–98, 213, 261, 263, 265
size of, 154n
Tanzania, 118, 158
Tanzanian National Railway, 201
Tarzan (Burroughs), 113
Tasmania, 92
Tennessee, 30–31
Terra Nova expedition, 167–74
Terray, Lionel, 135, 136, 137
Terror, 93, 94, 95, 98
Terror, Mount, 98
Thames River, 187
Theory of Intrinsic of Motivation, 16
“Three Jewels,” 109
Tibet, 13
Timbuktu, 37, 47, 112
Times (London), 71, 227n
time zones, 122
Tinné, Alexandrine, 48
Tordesillas, Treaty of, 69
trabuco (gun), 30
travel writing, 59
Trinity College, 24
Truman, Harry, 227
Tsavo, 89–90
man-eaters of, 89n–90n
tsetse flies, 116
Tuchman, Barbara, 61
Tuckey, James Hingston, 114–15, 115n, 148n
Tutankhamen, King, 245, 246
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (Verne), 93n
typhoid, 177
Ujiji, 87, 104, 109, 145, 150, 151, 152, 155–56, 158–59, 183, 184, 186, 265
United States, 77
westward expansion of, 210–11
Valley of the Kings, 241–45, 246n
Varthema, Ludovico di, 26
ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 250
Verbiest, Ferdinant, 238n
Verne, Jules, 93n
Vespucci, Amerigo, 68
Victoria, Lake, 196–99, 212, 213, 220, 230, 261, 263, 265
size of, 197
Speke’s map of, 215
waterfall at, 230–31
Victoria, Queen of England, 28, 84, 112, 130, 144, 268n
Victoria Falls, 113
Victorian era of African exploration, 111–12
Vikings, 168
vitriolic acid, 46
Voyage of Saint Brendan the Abbot, The, 60, 61
Waldecker, Burkhardt, 192
Walpole, Horace, 38
Watt, Eddie, 128
Watt, Gertrude, 128, 130
Waugh, Andrew, 130–31
Wellington, Duke of, 21
White Nile, 194
Whymper, Edward, 134
Wilderness Road, 31
Will and the Ways, The (Snyder), 88
William III, King of England (William of Orange), 70
William IV, King of England, 8, 11, 81, 93
Wilson, Edward, 98, 173, 174
Winter Palace Hotel, 240
Witkin, Herman, 199–200
World War I, 97, 244
World War II, 139
Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 205
Wright, Thomas, 82–83
wristwatches, 121n
writer’s block, 89
Yangtze River, 77n
Yeager, Chuck, 223–24
Younghusband, Francis, 26–27, 246
in walk from Peking to Bombay, 27
Zambezi River, 23, 144, 181, 256–57,
265
Zanzibar, 107–8, 114, 115, 214, 216
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Interior design by Ruth Lee-Mui
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dugard, Martin.
The explorers : a story of fearless outcasts, blundering geniuses, and impossible success / Martin Dugard.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Explorers—Biography. I. Title.
G200.D84 2014
910.92'2—dc232013040158
ISBN 978-1-4516-7757-7
ISBN 978-1-4516-7759-1 (ebook)
The Explorers Page 24