by Craig Murray
36 NAS/GD45/14/587/34x
37 Auckland Colvin: John Russell Colvin, p. 133
38 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 21
39 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 458
40 James Hume: Writings of H W Torrens, Vol 1, p. xlvi
41 J W Kaye: History of the War in Afghanistan, Vol. 1, p. 367
42 Auckland Colvin: John Russell Colvin, p. 113
43 NAS/GD45/14/587/29
44 NAI/For/Sec//28Sept1842/Cons/Nos.33–42/f.13
45 W K Fraser-Tytler, Afghanistan, p. 100
46 Emily Eden, Up The Country, p. 157 My identification. Emily sometimes uses the real initial and sometimes a random letter. Captain B does not feature before Burnes’ arrival, and Lord was one of only three doctors then at Simla. The following year a different Captain B features.
47 NAI/For/Sec/25Sep1839/Cons/Nos.30–1/f.15
48 NAI/For/Sec/25Sep1839/Cons/Nos.30–1/f.22
49 BL/IOR/MSS/EUR/E/161/3/f.93
50 BL/IOR/MSS/EUR/E/161/3/f.99
51 Gray and Garrett: European Adventurers, p. 200
52 BL/IOR/MSS/EUR/E/161/3/f.101
53 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 1, p. 370
54 William H Dennie: A Personal Narrative, p. 31
55 Email from Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms, Edinburgh, 8 May 2013
56 NAI/For/Sec/28Sep1842/Cons/Nos.33–42/f.19
57 W F B Laurie: Distinguished Anglo-Indians, p. 361
58 NAS/GD/371/95/28
59 NAS/GD/371/95/50
60 NAS/GD371/95/31/2
61 NAS/GD371/95/32
62 NAS/GD371/95/36
63 NAS/GD371/95/47
64 Parliamentary Papers, Vol. 25, Session 2, 1859, p. 84
65 Peter Hopkirk: The Great Game, p. 188
66 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 1, p. ix
67 Ronald Hyam: Empire and Sexuality, pp. 29–30
68 M E Yapp: Strategies of British India, p. 361
69 BL/MSS/EUR/E/161/3/f.204
70 NAS/GD/371/95/18
71 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 53
72 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 12
73 NAI/For/Sec/17Oct1838/Cons/No.184/f.3
74 NAI/For/Sec/17 Oct1838/Cons/No.184/f.1
75 NAI/For/Sec/17Oct1838/Cons/No.184/f.5
76 John C Cunningham: The Last Man, p. 40
77 Viscount Esher: The Girlhood of Queen Victoria, Vol. 2, p. 146
78 John C Cunningham: The Last Man, p. 40
79 Sita Ram: From Sepoy to Subedar, p. 16
80 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 1, p. 78
Chapter 25 Securing Sind
1 BL/IOR/MSS/EUR/E/161/3/f.101
2 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.56/f.1
3 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 1, p. 105
4 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 1, p. 58
5 Charles Masson: Narrative of a Journey, p. 80
6 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, p. 122
7 George MacDonald Fraser: Flashman, p. 74
8 Shahamat Ali: The Sikhs and Afghans, p. 69
9 Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register, Vol. 24, May–Aug 1839, p. 23
10 William Hough: A Narrative of the March, p. 16
11 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 1, p. 136
12 W Broadfoot: Major George Broadfoot, p. 7
13 William Hough: A Narrative of the March, p. 30
14 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.54
15 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.53
16 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.5
17 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.54
18 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.52/a
19 NAI/For/Sec/6Mar1839/Cons/No.5
20 NAI/For/Sec/20Mar1839/Cons/No.190
21 NAI/For/Sec/20Mar1839/Cons/No.191
22 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/ff.118–25
23 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.128
24 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.347
25 Henry Durand: The First Afghan War, p. 42
26 The Oriental Herald, vol.III, Jan-Jun 1839 p. 42
27 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/ff.22-25
28 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.145
29 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.148
30 NAI/For/Sec/16Oct1839/Cons/No.5
31 Mohan Lal: Travels in the Panjab, p. 466
32 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.33
33 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.233
34 NAI/For/Sec/16Oct1839/Cons/No.70/ff.13–23
35 Mohan Lal: Amir Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 2, p. 252
36 NAI/For/Sec/4Sept1839/Cons/Nos.264–7
37 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/ff.118–25
38 Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register, Vol. 34, Jan–Mar 1841, p. 295
39 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol.1, p. 34
40 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, 1833, p. 229
41 Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register, Vol. 24, May–Aug 1839, p. 23
42 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 1, p. 149
43 Lawrence James: Raj, p. 74
44 The eighteen-pounder siege guns were too heavy for the bridge. Piers were constructed into the fast flowing river, and the guns floated across on attached platforms.
45 George Gleig: Sale’s Brigade, p. 33
Chapter 26 The Dodgy Dossier
1 G J Alder: ‘The “Garbled” Blue Books’, The Historical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, p. 231
2 John Bright: Speeches on Public Policy, Vol. 1, p. 116
3 The Annual Register of the Year 1839, Vol. 81, p. 322
4 BL/IOR/Add/Mss/46915/f.161
5 G J Alder, ‘The “Garbled” Blue Books’; J A Norris, The First Afghan War
6 NAI/For/Sec/28Sept1842/Cons/Nos.33–42/f.19
7 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/ff.103–10
8 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/ff.151–3
9 NLS/MSS/14450/f.42
10 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/ff.87–90
11 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.156
12 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.160
13 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.167
Chapter 27 Kelat
1 Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register, Vol 27, Sep–Dec 1838, p. 2
2 Shah Mahmoud Hanifi: Connecting Histories, p. 70
3 Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register, Vol. 29, May–Aug 1839, p. 99
4 James Atkinson: The Expedition, p. 91
5 I have drawn heavily here on Dennis Holman: Sikander Sahib, pp. 117–18
6 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 1, p. 418
7 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol. 1, p. 187
8 William H Dennie: Personal Narrative, p. 57
9 Henry Durand: The First Afghan War, p. 132
10 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 69
11 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 58
12 Arthur Conolly: Journey to the North of India, Vol. 2, p. 190
13 NAI/For/Sec/22May1839/Cons
14 PRO/Prob.11/1980/261
15 NAI/For/Sec/28Sept1842/Cons/Nos.33–42/f.5
16 George Lawrence: Reminiscences, p. 8
17 Charles Masson: Journey to Kalat, p. 272
18 Penderel Moon: The British Conquest, p. 512
19 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 230
20 George Buist: Outline of the Operations, p. 91
21 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 1, p. 261
22 T R Blackburn: The Extermination of a British Army, p. x
23 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 1, p. 427
24 Naseer Dashti: The Baloch and Balochistan, p. 210
25 Charles Masson: Narrative of a Journey, pp. 81–8
26 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 74
27 Mohan Lal: Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 2, p. 194
28 The current Khan hosted me generously at his home in exile in Wales
29 Henry Durand: The First Afghan War, p. 144
30 Naseer Dashti: The Baloch and Balochistan, p. 215
31 Intelligence Branch, Indian Army: Frontier and Overseas Expeditions, Vol. 3, p. 38
3
2 Naseer Dashti: The Baloch and Balochistan, p. 202
33 J W Kaye: History of the War, p. 430
34 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 232
35 The Oriental Herald, Vol. 4, Jul–Dec 1839, p. 144
Chapter 28 A King in Kandahar
1 M E Yapp: Strategies of British India, p. 269
2 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol. 1, p. 176
3 NAI/For/Sec/4Jul1838/Cons/No.17/p. 3
4 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 1, p. 318
5 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.322
6 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 232
7 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 2, p. 4
8 Ann Jones: Kabul in Winter, p. 28
9 The Monthly Chronicle, Vol. 3, May 1842, p. 212
10 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol. 1, p. 253
11 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.323
12 William Barr: Journal of a March, p. 264
13 NAI/For/Sec/26Jun1839/Progs/Nos.7–8/p. 6426
14 NAI/For/Sec/26Jun1839/Progs/Nos.129–30/p. 6297
15 NAI/For/Sec/21Aug1839/Cons/No.35/p. 11
16 NAI/For/Sec/21Aug1839/Cons/No.35/p. 13
17 NAI/For/Sec/21 Aug1839/Cons/No.35/p. 2
18 NAI/For/Sec/21Aug1839/Cons/No.39
19 John C Griffiths: Afghanistan, p. 31
20 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.323
Chapter 29 Death in St Petersburg
1 Alexander Morrison, ‘Twin Imperial Disasters’, MS p. 27, awaiting publication in Modern Asian Studies
2 William Dalrymple, Return of a King, p. 199
3 NAI/For/Sec/18Dec1839/Cons/No.6/f.3
4 Mikhail Volodarsky, The Russians in Afghanistan (p. 83) states that Witkiewicz suffered psychological pressure from reproaches from Polish friends, in the plural.
5 BL/Add/Mss/46915/f.161
6 M M Kessler: Ivan Viktorovich Vitkevich, p. 26
Chapter 30 Ghazni
1 Hari Ram Gupta: Mohan Lal Kashmiri, p. 126
2 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol. 2, p. 89
3 NAI/For/Sec/31Jul1839/Cons/No.29
4 NAI/For/Sec/13Nov1838/Cons/No.49/f.2
5 NAI/For/Sec/23Oct1839/Cons/Nos. 28–9/f.4
6 NAI/For/Sec/23Oct1839/No.31/f.2
7 NAI/For/Sec/23Oct1839/Cons/No.31/f.5
8 William Taylor: Scenes and Adventures, p. 98
9 William Hough: A Narrative, p. xvii
10 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.323
11 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.323
12 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 2, p. 59
13 William H Dennie, Personal Narrative, p. 68
14 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, pp. 108–12
15 William H Dennie: Personal Narrative, p. 77
16 Hari Ram Gupta: Mohan Lal Kashmiri, p. 130
17 William H Dennie: Personal Narrative, p. 72
18 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 181
19 NAI/For/Sec/28 Sep 1842/Cons/Nos. 33–42/f.23
20 Mohan Lal: Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 2, p. 226
21 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 68
22 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 209
23 Penderel Moon: The British Conquest, p. 515
24 BL/IOR/MSS/EUR/E/161/3/f.227
25 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol. 2, p. 66
26 Ann Jones: Kabul in Winter, p. 39
27 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 224
28 Mohan Lal: Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 2, p. 237
29 Josiah Harlan: A Memoir, p. 194
Chapter 31 Mission Accomplished
1 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 2, p. 115
2 C W Woodburn: The Bala Hissar, p. 17
3 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2,, p. 36
4 NAI/For/Sec/25 Sep 1839/Cons/No.18
5 George Lawrence: Reminiscences, p. 12
6 R H Kennedy: Narrative, Vol. 2, p. 106
7 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 262
8 Ben Macintyre: Josiah the Great, p. 260
9 William Barr: Journal of a March, pp. 373–4
10 Louis Dupree: Afghanistan, p. 81
11 Shahamat Ali: The Sikhs and Afghans, pp. 478–84
12 R H Kennedy: Narrative of the Campaign, Vol. 2, pp. 113–18
13 Hari Ram Gupta: Mohan Lal Kashmiri, p. 133
14 John C Cunningham: The Last Man, p. 53
15 Henry Durand; The First Afghan War, p. 211
16 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.423
17 BL/ADD/MSS/36470/f.465–500
18 Bombay Courier, 26 Oct 1839
19 William Hough: A Narrative, p. 298
20 Penderel Moon: The British Conquest, p. 516
21 George Buist, Outline of the Operation, p. 131
Chapter 32 Kabul in Winter
1 G R Gleig: Sale’s Brigade, p. 69
2 CUL GB 012 MS.Add.4536. James Kenney: The Irish Ambassador (1838), Act II. The play was simultaneously running in Kabul, Cacutta and at the Haymarket Theatre in London.
3 William H Dennie: A Personal Narrative, p. 102
4 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 2, p. 136
5 G J Allder: ‘The “Garbled” Blue Books, p. 237
6 NAS/GD45/14/587/34x
7 Henry Havelock: Narrative of the War, Vol. 2, p. 149
8 Christine Noelle: State and Tribe, p. 135
9 NAI/For/Sec/28Sep1842/Cons/Nos.205–6/f.1
10 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2, p. 18
11 M E Yapp: Strategies of British India, p. 348
12 NAI/For/Sec/Cons/28Sep1842/Nos.33-42/f.23
13 NAI/For/Sec/28Sept1842/Cons/Nos.33-42/f.33
14 George Lawrence: Reminiscences, p. 34
15 William Dalrymple: Return of a King, p. 216
16 Tresham Lever (ed.): Letters of Lady Palmerston, p. 223
17 John Clark Marshman: History of India, p. 154
18 NAI/For/Sec/28Sept1842/Cons/Nos.33–42/f.23
19 Alexander Morrison: ‘Twin Imperial Disasters’, MS p. 37
20 NAI/For/Sec/18Dec1839/Cons/No.6/f.4
21 NAI/For/Sec/18Dec1839/Cons/No.6/f.14
22 NAI/For/Sec/30Mar1840/Cons/Nos.38–41/f.5
23 NAI/For/Sec/30Mar1840/Cons/Nos.42–3/f.5
24 NAI/For/Sec/28Dec1842/Cons/Nos.443–4
25 William H Dennie: A Personal Narrative, p. 113
26 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 235
27 Peter Hopkirk: The Great Game, p. 235
28 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 131
29 T R Blackburn: The Extermination, p. xlv
30 NAI/For/Sec/28Dec1842/Progs/Nos.480–2/f.9762
31 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 69
32 NAS/GD45/14/587/31x
33 NAI/For/Sec/21Aug1839/No.37
34 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 233
35 James Atkinson: The Expedition, p. 365
36 Email from Lyon Office, Edinburgh, 6 May 2013
37 Edinburgh Review, Vol. 71, Apr–Jul 1840, p. 331
38 Monthly Review, Vol 3, Sep–Dec 1840, p. 203
Chapter 33 Dost Mohammed
1 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2, p. 66
2 NAS/GD45/14/587/31x
3 Penderel Moon: The British Conquest, p. 523
4 John C Cunningham: The Last Man, p. 53
5 W H Dennie: Personal Narrative, p. 117
6 Henry Durand: The First Afghan War, p. 293
7 Parliamentary Papers, Vol. 25, Session 2 1859, p. 66
8 Mohan Lal: Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 1, p. 109
9 James Atkinson: The Expedition, p. 344
10 George Gleig: With Sale’s Brigade, p. 52
11 William Barr: Journal, p. 280
12 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2, p. 144
13 William Dalrymple: Return of a King, p. 245
14 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2, p. 92
15 George Buist, Outline of the Operation, p. 162
16 J W Kaye
: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 78
17 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 79
18 James Atkinson: The Expedition, p. 360
19 Tait’s Magazine, Vol. 10, 1843, p. 372
20 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 164
Chapter 34 Discontent
1 W H Dennie: Personal Narrative, p. 55
2 William Barr: Journal of a March, p. 381
3 Christine Noelle: State and Tribe, pp. 47, 307
4 Jacob Seth Mesrov: The Armenians in India, p. 224
5 NAI/For/Sec/28Dec1842/Progs/Nos.480–2/f.9763
6 J W Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 67
7 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 165
8 William Dalrymple: Return of a King, p. 232
9 Mohan Lal: Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 2, p. 320
10 Patrick Macrory: A Signal Catastrophe, p. 122
11 Mountstuart Elphinstone: An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, Vol. 1, p. 47
12 Victor Jacquemont: Correspondance, Vol. 2, p. 70
13 T R Blackburn: The Extermination of a British Army, p. 44
14 Edinburgh Review, Vol. 71, Apr–Jul 1840, p. 369
15 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2, p. 147
16 Asiatic Journal Vol. 35, May–Aug 1841, p. 182
17 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 182
18 Mohan Lal: Travels in the Panjab, p. 335
19 Gray and Garratt: European Adventurers, p. 208
20 BL/MSS/EUR/F88/124/ff.139–40
21 Charles Masson: Narrative of a Journey, p. 117
22 J W Kaye: The History of the War in Afghanistan, Vol. 2, p. 28
23 Mohan Lal: Dost Mohammed Khan, Vol. 2, p. 202
24 Mohan Lal: Travels in the Panjab, p. 334
25 Henry Durand: The First Afghan War, p. 273
26 Agra Ukhbar, 23 June 1840, p. 1
27 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 267
28 John Greenwood, The Campaign in Afghanistan, p. 76
29 Henry Durand: The First Afghan War, p. 315
30 M E Yapp: Strategies of British India, p. 371
31 Craig Murray: Murder in Samarkand, p. 27
32 John Lawrence: Lawrence of Lucknow, p. 36
33 Kathleen Hopkirk: Central Asia, p. 128
34 J W Kaye: History of the War, Vol. 2, p. 120
35 George Buist: Outline of the Operation, p. 271
36 NAI/For/Sec/28Dec1842/Cons/Nos.205–6
37 M E Yapp: Strategies of British India, p. 311
38 Calcutta Review, Vol. 2, Oct–Dec 1844, p. 247
39 Louis Dupree: Afghanistan, p. 45
40 Zalmay Gulzad: External Influences and the Development of the Afghan State, p. 16
41 J.W. Kaye: Lives of Indian Officers, Vol. 2, p. 80
42 B D Hopkins: The Making of Modern Afghanistan, p. 67
43 NAI/For/Sec/28Sep1842/Cons/Nos.33–42/p. 29