When Doctors Kill: Who, Why, and How

by Cina, Joshua A. Perper, Stephen J. ; Cina, Joshua A. Perper, Stephen J.

  H Morrison, Harold Goldberg. Inside the Minds of the World’s Most Notorious Murderers. Harper Collins, 2004.

  W Petherick. The Science of Criminal Profiling: All Killers Have Their Own Modus Operandi.

  Barnes & Noble, 2005.

  P Vronski. Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. Berkley Trade, 2004.

  B Yorker, K Kizer, P Lampe, A Forrest, J Lannan, D Russell. Serial murders by healthcare professionals. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2006; 51(6): 1362–1371.

  Chapter 7: The Nazi Murders

  M Burleigh. The Third Reich – A New History. Hill and Wang, 2001.

  F Dikotter. Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics. The American Historical Review 1998; 103: 467–468.

  232

  Suggested Reading

  R Evans. The Third Reich in Power, 1933–1939. Penguin Books, 2005.

  H Gallagher. By Trust Betrayed: Patients, Physicians, and the License to Kill in the Third Reich.

  Henry Holt and Co., 1990.

  D Kevles. In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. Harvard University Press, 1995.

  C Koonz. Ethical Dilemmas and Nazi Eugenics: Single-Issue Dissent in Religious Contexts. The Journal of Modern History 1992; 64 (Supplement: Resistance Against the Third Reich; pp. S8–S31).

  A LeBor, R Boyes. Seduced by Hitler – The Choices of a Nation and the Ethics of Survival.

  Barnes & Noble Books, 2000.

  R Lifton. The Nazi Doctors Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. Basic Books, 2000.

  P Mehta. Human Eugenics: Whose Perception of Perfection? The History Teacher (Long Beach, California) 2000; 33: 222–240.

  S Milgram. Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2004.

  R Proctor. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. Harvard University Press, 1988.

  R Proctor. The Nazi War on Cancer. Princeton University Press, 1999.

  L Weber. The Holocaust Chronicles. Publications International Ltd., 2003.

  P Weindling. Health, Race and German Politics Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870–1945. Cambridge University Press, 1989.

  P Weingart. German Eugenics Between Science and Politics. The University of Chicago Press, 1989.

  S Weiss. The Race Hygiene Movement in Germany. Osiris, University of Chicago Press, 1987; 3:193–236.

  Chapter 8: Hitler’s “Scientists”

  G Annas, M Godin eds. The Nazi doctors and the Nurenberg code: Human rights in human experimentation. Oxford University Press, 1992.

  N Baumslag. Nazi doctors, human experimentation and typhus. Praeger Publishers, 2005.

  D Bogod. The Nazi hypothermia experiment. Anaesthesia 2004; 59(12):115.

  A Caplan. When medicine went mad: Bioethics and the holocaust. Humana Press, 1992.

  R Lifton. The Nazi doctor, medical killings and the psychology of genocide. Basic Books, 2000.

  L Matalon. Children of the flames: Dr. Mengele and the untold story of the twins of Auschwitz.

  New York: William Morrow, 1991.

  Nurenberg trial proceedings v. 4 20 Dec. 1945, Nurenberg Trials Page by Yale Law School.

  http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/Avalon/init/proc12-20-45.htm.

  J Preuss, B Madea. Gerhart Panning (1900–1944): a German forensic pathologist and his involvement in Nazi crimes during Second World War. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 2009; 30(1):14–17.

  N Schaefer. The legacy of Nazi medicine. The New Atlantis 2004; 5:54–60. http://www.thenewat-

  lantis.com/publications/the-legacy-of-nazi-medicine.

  V Spitz. Doctors from hell; The horrific account of Nazi experiments on humans. Sentient Publications, 2005.

  P Weindling. Nazi medicine and the Nurenberg trials: From medical war crimes to informed consent. Palgrave Mc Millan, 2005.

  Chapter 9: Made in Japan: Unethical Experiments

  D Barenblatt. A Plague upon Humanity: the Secret Genocide of Axis Japan’s Germ Warfare Operation. Harper Collins, 2004.

  W Barnaby. The Plague Makers: The Secret World of Biological Warfare. Frog Ltd, 1999.

  Suggested Reading

  233

  S Endicott, E Hagerman. The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea. Indiana University Press, 1999.

  H Gold. Unit 731 Testimony. Charles E Tuttle Co., 1996.

  S Handelman, K Alibek. Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It. Random House, 1999.

  S Harris. Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare 1932–45 and the American Cover-Up.

  Routledge Press, 1994.

  R Harris, J Paxman. A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret History of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Random House, 2002.

  N Kristof. Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity. New York Times, March 17, 1995.

  T Tsuchiya. In the Shadow of the Past Atrocities: Research Ethics with Human Subjects in Contemporary Japan. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 2003; 13:100–102.

  P Williams. Unit 731: Japan’s Secret Biological Warfare in World War II. Free Press, 1989.

  Chapter 10: Good Old Fashioned American

  Ingenuity-and Evil

  S Baker, O Bradley, L Marks. Effects of untreated syphilis in the Negro male, 1932 to 1972: A closure comes to the Tuskegee study. Urology 2004; 65(6):1259–1262.

  D Black. Acid: A New Secret History of LSD, 2nd ed. Vision, 2003.

  W Bowart. Operation Mind Control: Our Secret Government’s War Against Its Own People. Dell, 1978.

  F Camper. The MK/Ultra Secret. Christopher Scott (CS) Publishing, 1997.

  A Collins. In the Sleep Room: The Story of CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada. Key Porter Books, 1998.

  R Delagado, H Leskovac. Informed Consent in Human Experimentation: Bridging the Gap Between Ethical Thought and Current Practice. UCLA Law Review 1986; 34(1):67–160.

  A Goliszek. In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation. St. Martin Press, 2003.

  A Hornblum. Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison. Routledge Press, 1999.

  J Jones. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. Free Press, 1993.

  M Lee, B Shlain. Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press, 1994.

  J Marks. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate; The CIA and Mind Control. W.W. Norton & Co., 1991.

  A McCoy. A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror.

  Metropolitan Books, 2006.

  J Moreno. Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans. Routledge Press, 2000.

  J Moreno. Mind Wars: Brain Research and National Defense. Dana Press, 2006.

  J Ranelagh. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. Touchstone Books, 1987.

  R Singer. Consent of the Unfree: Medical Experimentation and Behavior Modification in the Closed Institution. Law and Human Behavior 1977; 1(1):1–43.

  J Stevens. Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream. Grove Press, 1998.

  G Thomas. Journey into Madness: The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse. Bantam Press, 1989.

  U.S. Congress: The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence (Church Committee Report). Report no. 94-755, 94th Cong., 2nd Session, Washington, DC: GPO, 1976.

  U.S. Senate: Joint Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence and The Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources; 95th Cong., 1st Session, August 3, 1977.

  234

  Suggested Reading

  J Vankin, J Whalin. Eighty Greatest Conspiracies of All Time. Citadel Press, 2004.

  H Washington. Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times
to the Present. Doubleday, 2007.

  E Welsome. The Plutonium Files: America’s Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War.

  The Dial Press, 1999.

  Chapter 11: Physician Kill Thyself

  L Altman. Who goes first: The story of self experimentation in medicine. Random House, NY, 1987.

  L Andrew. Physicians’ suicide. E-Medicine WEB MD Emedicinemedscape.com/article/806779.

  overview.

  L Dendi, M Boring. The story of self experimentation. Random House, NY, 1987.

  L Dyrbe, M. Thomas, F Nassie, et al. Burnout and suicidal ideation amongst U.S. medical students. Annals of Internal Medicine 2008; 149(5): 334–341.

  A Fiks. Self experimentation: Sources of study. Edited by W Bullow. Praeger, Westport and London, 2003.

  C Fontenot, W O’Leary. Dr. Forssman’s self-experimentation. American Surgeon 1996; 62(6): 514–515.

  J Franklin, J Sutherland. Guinea pig doctors: The drama of medical research through self experimentation. Morow Press, NY, 1984.

  E Harris. Eight scientists who became their own guinea pigs. New Scientist Health. http://www.

  newscientist.com/article/dn16735-eight-scientists-who-became-their-own-guineapigs.

  html?full =true.

  I Kerridge. Altruism or reckless curiosity? A brief history of self experimentation in medicine.

  Internal Medicine Journal 2003; 33: 203–207.

  A Martinelli, A Czelusta, S Peterson. Self-experimenters in medicine: heroes or fools? Part I.

  Pathogens. Clinics in Dermatology 2008; 26(5): 570–573.

  M Myers, C Fine. Suicide in physicians, towards prevention. Medscape General Medicine.

  http://www.medscape.com/view article/462612.

  K Rose, I Rosow. Physicians who kill themselves. Archives of General Psychiatry 1973; 29(6): 800–805.

  E Schernhammer. Taking their own lives – the high rate of physicians’ suicide. The New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 352 (24): 2473–2476.

  E Schernhammer, G Colditz. Suicide rate amongst physicians: a quantitative and gender assessment.

  American Journal of Psychiatry 2004; 161: 2295–2302.

  Chapter 12: Libel Plots Against Physicians

  J Brent and V Naumov: Stalin’s Last Crime. The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors 1948–1953.

  Harper Collins Publishers, 2003.

  J Brooks. Thank You, Comrade Stalin!: Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to Cold War.

  Princeton University Press, 2000.

  M Clarfield. The Soviet “Doctors’ Plot” 50 years on. British Medical Journal 2002; 325: 1487.

  N Cohn. Warrant for Genocide: Myth of the Jewish World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 3rd ed., Serif, 1996.

  V Hatchinski. Stalin’s last years: delusions or dementia. European Journal of Neurology 1999; 6(2): 129–132.

  Suggested Reading

  235

  S Montefiori. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. Vintage, 2005.

  L Rapoport. Stalin’s war against the Jews: the Doctors’ Plot and the Soviet solution. Toronto: Free Press, 1990.

  Y Rapoport. The doctors plot of 1953. Translated by N.A. Perova and R.S. Bobrova. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

  Vicious spies and killers under the Mask of Academic Physicians. Pravda, January 13, 1953 as translated by Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctors’_plot.

  World Medical Association. Charges against Russian doctors. British Medical Journal 1953; i(suppl): 136.

  Chapter 13: Judge, Jury, Executioner, and Doctor

  E Abbott. The Duvalier and Their Legacy. Touchstone Publishing, 1991.

  J Anderson. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Grove Press, 1997.

  B Anzulovic. Heavenly Serbia: From Myth To Genocide. New York University Press, 1999.

  L Benson. Yugoslavia; A Concise history; Revised and updated edition, 2nd ed. Palgrave-MacMillan, 2004.

  P Constable. Haiti’s Shattered Hopes; Journal of Democracy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

  B Diederich, Al Burt. Papa Doc and the Tontones Macoutes. Marcus Wiener Publishing, 2005.

  J Ferguson. Papa Doc, Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers. Blackwell Publishers, 1988.

  A Finlan. The Collapse of Yugoslavia 1991–1999. Osprey Publishing, 2004.

  G Greene. The Comedians. Penguin Classics, 1991.

  E Guevara. The Motorcycle Diaries: A Journey Around South America. London: Verso, 1996.

  E Guevara. Latin America: Awakening of a Continent. Ocean Press, 2008.

  E Guevara and H Villegas. Guerrilla Warfare. Authorized Edition, Ocean Press, 2006.

  R Harris. Death of a Revolutionary, Che Guevara’s Lost Mission. W.W. Norton & Co, 2007.

  J Hart. Che: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of a Revolutionary. Basic Books, 2004.

  N Hawton. The Quest for Radovan Karadzik. Hutchinson Press, 2009.

  T Judah. The Serbs; History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, 2nd ed. Yale University Press, 2000.

  T Judah. Kosovo: War and Revenge, 2nd ed. Yale University Press, 2002.

  R Kaplan. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. Picador Press, 2005.

  J Kees van Donge. Kamuzu’s legacy: the democratization of Malawi. African Affairs1995; 94(375): 227–257. http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/citation/94/375/227.

  R Mahmutcehajic. The Denial of Bosnia (Post-Communist Cultural Studies). Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.

  J Mertus. Kosovo: How Myths and Truth Started a War. University of California Press, 1999.

  G Mwakikagile. Africa After Independence: Realities of Nationhood. Continental Press, 2006.

  H Pierre. Haiti, Rising Flames from Burning Ashes. University Press of America, 2006.

  M Plimmer. Bryan King. Beyond Coincidence. Icon Books, 2005.

  A Segal, B Weinstein. Haiti: The Failure of Politics. Praeger Publishers; 1992.

  P Short. Banda. Routledge, Kegan and Paul Publishers, 1974.

  C Stewart. Hunting the Tiger: The Fast Life and Violent Death of the Balkans Most Dangerous Man. Thomas Dunne Books, 2008.

  C Strader. The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia 1992–1994. University Press, 2003.

  T Williams. Malawi, the Politics of Despair. Cornell University Press, 1978.

  236

  Suggested Reading

  Chapter 14: Trading Treatment for Terror

  Y Aboul-Enein. Ayman al-Zawahiri’s Knights Under the Prophet’s Banner: The al-Qaeda Manifesto. Book Review. U.S. Army SCSC; Military Review, 2005.

  G Davis. Religion of Peace? Islam’s War Against the World. World Ahead Publishing, 2006.

  M el-Zayed. The Road to al-Qaeda: The Story of Bin Laden’s Right Hand Man. Critical Studies on Islam. Pluto Press, 2004.

  S Emerson. Jihad Incorporated: A Guide to Militant Islam in US. Prometheus Books, 2006.

  M Levitt. Hamas: Politics, Charity and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad. Yale University Press, 2007.

  A Nussea. Muslim Palestine: The Ideology of Hamas. Routledge, 1998.

  M Rosaler. Hamas: Palestinian Terrorists (Inside the World Most Infamous Terrorist Organization).

  Rosen Publishing Books, 2002.

  B Rubin, J Colp Rubin. Anti-American Terrorism and the Middle East: A Documentary Reader.

  Oxford University Press, 2002.

  P Williams. The Al Qaeda Connection. Prometheus Books, 2005.

  Chapter 15: Guilty Until Proven Innocent

  E Anderson. House panel OKs bill sparked by Dr. Anna Pou case. The Times-Picayune, May 14,

  2008. http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2008/05/baton_rouge_legislation_that.html.

  J Bohannon. Science in Libya: evidence overruled: medics on death row. Science 2005; 308:184–185.

  Courage amid Katrina chaos. ABC News, December 16, 2005. http://abcnews.go.com/2020/

  HurricaneKatrina/story?id=1410279&page=1.

  Doctors Call for Release of Medical Workers Accused of Infecting Libyan Children with HIV.
<
br />   Medical News Today, October 30, 2006.

  G Filosa. Investigation of physician in Katrina case protested – care for patients at hospital praised. The Times-Picayune, July 18, 2007.

  D Griffin, K Johnson. Medical experts never testified in Katrina Hospital deaths. August 27, 2007, CNN.com, http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/08/26/hospital.grandjury/index.html.

  HIV trial in Libya. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_trial_in_Libya.

  T Hundley. Libya frees nurses, doctor accused of infecting children. Chicago Tribune, July 24,

  2007. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-166761657.html.

  C Kollas, B Boyer-Kollas, J Kollas. Criminal prosecution of physicians providing palliative or end-of-life care. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2008; 11(2): 233–241.

  C Kromm, S Sturgis. Hurricane Katrina and the guiding principles on internal displacement.

  The Institute for Southern Studies – Southern Exposure 2008; 36(1).

  E Langston. AMA: Justice served for Dr. Pou. Position Statement of American Medical Association, July 24, 2007.

  M Neil. Katrina hospital death charges dropped. ABA Journal; Law News Now, July 5, 2007.

  http://www.abajournal.com/news/katrina_hospital_death_charges_dropped/.

  New Orleans MD charges dropped. Internal Medicine News, August 15, 2007.

  S Okie. Dr. Pou and the Hurricane – implications for patient care during disasters. The New England Journal of Medicine 2008; 358(1):1–5.

  Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) press releases on the accused nurses and doctor in Libya.

  PHR Library, 2007. http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/library/press-releases-libya-nurses.

  html

  J Simon. Death sentence for medics in Libyan HIV case. The Guardian, May 6, 2004. http://

  yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=3819

  Suggested Reading

  237

  Chapter 16: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide:

  What Would Hippocrates Do?

  M Betzold. Appointment with Doctor Death. Momentum Books LLC, 1993.

  I Byock. Kevorkian: Right Problem, Wrong Solution [Letter to the Editor], The Washington Post, January 1994, p. A23.

  Doctor death. Dr. Jack Kevorkian is back on his crusade. Is he an angel of mercy or a murderer?

  Time Magazine, May 31, 1993.

  G Dworkin, R Frey, S Bok. Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

  C Dyer. Withdrawal of food supplement judged as misconduct. British Medical Journal 1999; 318: 895.