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Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History

Page 26

by Stephen Jay Gould


  Sociobiology (Wilson), 251–52, 262

  Spanish–American War, 218

  Speck, Richard, 228

  Spencer, Herbert, 36–37, 40, 217

  Spindle diagrams, 131–33

  Stanley, Steven M., 123, 125, 130

  Starck, D., 51

  Strauss, Johann, 242

  Strauss, Richard, 242

  Stravinsky, Igor, 135

  Stromatolites, 124–25

  Strong, Rev. Josiah, 218–19

  Systema Naturae (Linnaeus), 251

  Systematics and the Origin of Species (Mayr), 232–33

  Taxonomy:

  human races and, 231–36

  rules of, 231, 232

  Territorial Imperative, (Ardrey), 239–40

  Tertiary mammals, 189–90

  Tetonius homunculus, 190

  Thing, The, 113

  Tiger, Lionel, 238, 240

  Torquemada, Tomas de, 154

  Trivers, R. L., 265

  Trueman, A., 159

  2001, 242

  Tyndall, John, 157

  Tyne, 31

  Tyrannosaurus, 190

  Ulrich, H., 93

  University of Edinburgh, 26, 81

  University of Pennsylvania, 97–98

  Uomo delinquente, L’ (Lombroso), 224, 228

  Uses of Enchantment (Bettelheim), 97

  Velikovsky, Immanuel, 15, 143, 145

  theory of earth, 153–59

  Vogt, Carl, 217

  Voltaire, 79

  Waddington, C. H., 43

  Wagner, Richard, 175

  Wallace, Alfred Russell, 21, 25, 50

  Water Babies (Kingsley), 50

  Wegener, Alfred, 168

  Weissman, August, 268, 269

  Welsh, J. H., 109

  Went, F. W., 180

  Whittaker, R. H., 114–15

  Wickler, Wolfgang, 269

  Wilberforce, Bishop S., 33, 142

  William III, King, 145

  William Tell (Rossini), 21

  Willis, Bailey, 164, 165, 166

  Wilson, A. C., 53, 54

  Wilson, E. O., 43, 251–52, 253, 254, 255, 259, 262, 266

  Wordsworth, William, 63

  Worlds in Collision (Velikovsky), 153–54, 155, 159

  X chromosome, 228

  Y chromosome, 228

  Yale University, 86

  Yerkes, Robert M, 244

  Yerkes Laboratory, 52

  Young, J. Z., 58

  Zarathustra (Strauss), 242

  Zooplankton, 124

  Chapter 1

  1 | “The Bear” refers to the constellation of Ursa major (the Great Bear), better known to us by its tail and hindquarters—the big dipper. “Thrice great Hermes” is Hermes Trismegistus (a Greek name for Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom). The “hermetic books,” supposedly authored by Thoth, are a collection of metaphysical and magical works that exerted great influence in seventeenth century England. They were equated by some with the Old Testament as a parallel source of pre-Christian wisdom. They waned in importance when exposed as a product of Alexandrian Greece, but survive in various doctrines of the Rosicrucians, and in our phrase “hermetic seal.”

  Chapter 6

  2 | I wrote this essay in January, 1976. True to the admonition of my last paragraph, Mary Leakey’s attribution of the Laetolil jaws to the genus Homo has been challenged by several colleagues. They assert no alternate hypothesis, but merely argue that jaws alone offer too little for a certain diagnosis. In any case, the primary assertion of this article remains valid—from our knowledge of African fossils, the genus Homo may be as old as the australopithecines. Moreover, we still have no firm evidence for any progressive change within any hominid species.

  Chapter 8

  3 | I depart from my introductory promise to excise all topical references to the original source of these essays—my monthly column in Natural History Magazine. For where else will I ever have the opportunity to pay tribute to the man who ranks second only to my father for sheer volume of attention during my youth; he and the Yankees brought me so much pleasure (I even own a ball that DiMaggio fouled off one day).

  4 | A friend has since pointed out that Alberich, a rather small man himself, would only wield the whip with a fraction of the force we could exert—so things might not have been quite so bad for his underlings.

  Chapter 31

  5 | I wrote this essay in 1974. Since then, the case against Sir Cyril has progressed from an inference of carelessness to a spectacular (and well-founded) suspicion of fraud. Reporters for the London Times have discovered, for example, that Sir Cyril’s coauthors (for the infamous twin studies) apparently did not exist outside his imagination. In the light of Kamin’s discoveries, one must suspect that the data have an equal claim to reality.

  OTHER TITLES BY STEPHEN JAY GOULD PUBLISHED

  BY W. W. NORTON & COMPANY

  The Panda’s Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History

  Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes: Further Reflections in Natural History

  The Flamingo’s Smile: Reflections in Natural History

  Finders, Keepers: Eight Collectors (with R. W. Purcell)

  An Urchin in the Storm: Essays about Books and Ideas

  Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History

  Bully for Brontosaurus: Reflections in Natural History

  Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History

  The Mismeasure of Man

  The Book of Life (editor)

  Illuminations (with R. W. Purcell)

  Triumph and Tragedy in Mudville: My Lifelong Passion for Baseball

  OTHER TITLES BY STEPHEN JAY GOULD

  Ontogeny and Phylogeny

  Time’s Arrow, Time’s Cycle: Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of

  Geological Time

  Dinosaur in a Haystack: Reflections in Natural History

  Full House: The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin

  Questioning the Millennium: A Rationalist’s Guide to a Precisely

  Arbitrary Countdown

  Leonardo’s Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms:

  Essays on Natural History

  Rock of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life

  The Lying Stones of Marrakech: Penultimate Reflections

  in Natural History

  Crossing Over: Where Art and Science Meet (with R. W. Purcell)

  The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

  I Have Landed: The End of a Beginning in Evolutionary History

  Copyright © 1977 by Stephen Jay Gould

  Copyright © 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977 by

  the American Museum of Natural History

  All rights reserved

  First published as a Norton paperback 1979; reissued 2007

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Gould, Stephen Jay. Ever Since Darwin.

  Bibliography: p

  Includes index.

  1. Evolution-History. 2. Natural Selection-

  History. I.Title.

  QH361.G65 1977 575.01’62 77-22504

  Designed by Nora Sheehan

  ISBN 978-0-393-34041-9 (e-book)

  W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

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  www.wwnorton.com

  W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.

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