The Mars Mystery

by Graham Hancock

  17. Cattermole, Mars, 104.

  18. Ibid., 23, 72.

  19. Ibid., 72.

  20. Ibid., 23–24; Murray, Malin, Ronald Greely, Earthlike Planets (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1981), 297.

  21. Cattermole, Mars, 30; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, “Solar System.”

  22. Cattermole, Mars, 30.

  23. Ibid, 134.

  24. Ibid, 32.

  25. Ibid, 22.

  26. Ibid.

  27. Ibid, 22, 72.

  28. Ibid, 22, 27.

  29. Donald W. Patten and Samuel L. Windsor, The Scars of Mars (Seattle: Pacific Meridien Publishing, 1996), 12; Cattermole, Mars, 27.

  30. Patten and Windsor, The Scars of Mars, 12.

  31. Ronald Greely, Planetary Landscapes (New York: Chapman and Hall, 1994), 155.

  32. Giuseppe Filotto, The Face on Mars, 150. See also Cattermole, Mars, 25.

  33. Filotto, Face on Mars (Gardenview, South Africa: Exact Print, 1995), 150.

  34. Cattermole, Mars, 60.

  35. Greely, Planetary Landscapes, 175.

  36. Melosh and Vickery quoted in John and Mary Gribbin, Fire on Earth: In Search of the Doomsday Asteroid (London and New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 77.

  37. Ibid, 76.

  38. Ibid, 79.

  39. Hansson, Mars and the Development, 68ff.

  40. Scientific American, November 1996.

  41. DiPietro and Molenaar, Unusual Martian, 60ff.

  42. Ibid.

  43. Carr, et al., An Exobiological Strategy for Mars Exploration, NASA, January 1995.

  44. Ibid, 8–9.

  45. Cattermole, Mars, 32.

  46. Scientific American, November 1996.

  47. Victor Baker and Daniel Milton, “Erosion by Catastrophic Floods on Mars and Earth,” Icarus 23 (1974): 27–41.

  48. Cattermole, Mars, 198.

  49. Scientific American, November 1996.

  50. Charleston Gazette, 8 July 1997.

  51. Ibid.

  52. Cattermole, Mars, 198; Murray, Malin, Greely, Earthlike Planets, 277, 286.

  53. Hansson, Mars and the Development, 41.

  54. Ibid.

  55. Ibid.

  56. See chapter 2.

  57. Cattermole, Mars, 130.

  58. Astronomy Now, October 1996, 45–46.

  59. Greely, Planetary Landscapes, 185.

  60. Cattermole, Mars, 198; Greely, Planetary Landscapes, 185.

  61. Cydonia coordinates from Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 16.

  62. Hieronymous and Co. Newsletter, 14, 16.

  4. THE JANUS PLANET

  1. For example, see Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 74–75.

  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, “Solar System.” “Mars moves around the Sun at a mean distance approximately 1.52 times that of the Earth from the Sun. At closest approach Mars is 206,600,000 kilometers from the Sun and 249,200,000 kilometers at its furthest distance. Mars completes an orbit in roughly the time Earth completes two, so spends most of its year far from Earth in directions that are near to the Sun.” Closest approach of Mars to Earth: 56,000,000 kilometers. Farthest from Earth: 400,000,000 kilometers.

  3. Cattermole, Mars, 191.

  4. Carr, et al., Exohiological Survey, 233–34.

  5. William K. Hartmann, “Cratering in the Solar System,” Scientific American, January 1977, 97.

  6. George E. McGill and Steven W. Squires, “Origin of the Martian Crustal Dichotomy: Evaluating Hypotheses,” Icarus 93 (1991): 386.

  7. Ibid., Cattermole, Mars, 191.

  8. Carr, et al., Exohiological Survey, 233–34.

  9. Hartmann, “Cratering,” 89; Arvidson, Goettel, et al., “A Post-Viking View of Martian Geologic Evolution,” Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 18 (August 1980): 575.

  10. McGill and Squires, “Origin,” 391.

  11. Hartmann, “Cratering,” 97.

  12. L. A. Soderblom, C. D. Condit, et al., “Martian Planetwide Crater Distributions: Implications for Geologic History and Surface Processes,” Icarus 22 (1974): 240.

  13. So far as we are aware the first investigators to give serious consideration to this possibility are Patten and Windsor; see their Scars of Mars.

  14. D. S. Allan and J. B. Delair, When the Earth Nearly Died: Compelling Evidence of a Catastrophic World Change, 9500 B.C. (Bath, England: Gateway Books, 1995), 230.

  15. Patten and Windsor, Scars of Mars, 18–19.

  16. Ibid. See also Patten and Windsor, The Recent Organization of the Solar System (Seattle: Pacific Meridien Publishing, 1997).

  17. Icarus 36 (1978): 51–74.

  18. Ibid, 51.

  19. Greely, Planetary Landscapes, 155.

  20. Patten and Windsor, Scars of Mars, 19–21.

  21. Ibid.

  22. Ibid.

  23. Ibid, 30–31.

  24. Cattermole, Mars, 56–58.

  25. See part 4.

  26. Mail on Sunday Review (London), 12 June 1994, 43.

  27. Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 44; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, “Tunguska event.”

  28. Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 45; Mail Review, 43.

  29. Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 47–48.

  30. Ibid, 30ff.

  31. Ibid, 11–12.

  32. Ibid, 1, 12.

  33. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, “Solar System.”

  34. See part 4.

  35. Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 32; Hartmann, “Crater,” 86.

  36. Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 32.

  37. Patten and Windsor, Scars of Mars, 31.

  38. Ibid.

  39. Ibid., 37; Cattermole, Mars, 30.

  40. Cattermole, Mars, 142.

  41. Gribbin, Fire on Earth, 78.

  42. Hartmann, “Crater,” 97.

  43. Allen and Delair, When Earth Nearly Died, 205.

  44. Ibid.

  45. Hartmann and Larson, “Angular Momenta of Planetary Bodies,” Icarus 7 (1967): 258; see also Fish, “Angular Momenta of the Planets,” Icarus 7 (1967): 251ff.

  46. Allen and Delair, When Earth Nearly Died, 205.

  47. “Large-Scale Variations in the Obliquity of Mars,” Science 181: 4096, 260ff.

  48. Jihad Touma and Jack L. Wisdom, Scientific American, November 1996. Emphasis added.

  49. “Large-Scale Variations,” 205–6. See also Cattermole, Mars, 9. Mars has a weak magnetic field—only 0.03 percent that of Earth.

  50. Peter H. Schultz, “Polar Wandering on Mars,” Icarus 73 (1988): 91–141.

  51. Hartmann, “Crater,” 89.

  52. Ibid.

  53. Patten and Windsor, Scars of Mars, 22.

  54. Ibid., 69.

  55. Allen and Delair, When Earth Nearly Died, 210.

  56. Ibid.

  57. Victor Clube and William Napier, The Cosmic Serpent (New York: Universe Books, 1982); and The Cosmic Winter (Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell, 1990).

  58. See discussion in Hartmann, “Crater,” 89.

  59. Cattermole, Mars, 175.

  60. Filotto, Face on Mars, 151.

  61. The possibility of such an illusion was specifically recognized by Soderblom, Condit, et al., in Icarus 22 (1974): 234, where they observed that curious characteristics of the Martian dichotomy “create the impression that terrains on Mars are either ancient, dating back to the early phase of Martian history, or extremely young, perhaps developed in the latest stages in Martian evolution.”

  62. Graham Hancock, Fingerprints of the Gods.

  63. Ibid.

  64. Orion Mystery, Fingerprints of the Gods, The Message of the Sphinx, Heaven’s Mirror.

  65. Ibid.

  66. Hancock and Bauval, The Message of the Sphinx.

  67. See part 3.

  Part Two: The Mystery of Cydonia

  5. CLOSE ENCOUNTER

  1. W. Sheehan, The Planet Mars (Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, 1996), 75.

  2. Ibid, 104.

  3. Sagan, Cosmos, 127.

  4. Sheehan, Pla
net Mars, 104.

  5. Percival Lowell, address to the Boston Scientific Society, 22 May 1894, quoted in Sheehan, Planet Mars, 104.

  6. Sheehan, Planet Mars, 128.

  7. See Richard Noll, “The Jung Cult,” chap. 4 (London: Fontana, 1996).

  8. Camille Flammarion, La Planete Mars, vol. 1, 586.

  9. Carl G. Jung, Collected Works, Psychiatric Studies vol. 1 (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957), 34.

  10. F. Sarler, “A Sunday Afternoon on Mars,” Sunday Times Magazine (London), August 1997.

  11. P. Moore, Mission to the Planets (London: Cassel, 1995), 54.

  12. Sagan, Cosmos, 134–35.

  13. Ibid, 132; Hurtak and Crowley, The Face on Mars (Adelaide, Australia: Sun Books, 1986), 2.

  14. Sagan, Cosmos, 132.

  15. Hurtak and Crowley, The Face on Mars, 1; Sheehan, Planet Mars, 162.

  16. Hurtak and Crowley, The Face on Mars, 1.

  17. Ibid, 125.

  18. Sheehan, Planet Mars, 164.

  19. Moore, Mission to the Planets, 125.

  20. Sheehan, Planet Mars, 164.

  21. Moore, Mission to the Planets, 125.

  22. Sheehan, Planet Mars, 165–68.

  23. Moore, Mission to the Planets, 57.

  6. A MILLION TO ONE

  1. H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds (London: Pan, 1983), 13–14.

  2. Mars Global Surveyors resolution is 1.4 meters per pixel.

  3. Percival Lowell, address to the Boston Scientific Society, 22 May 1894, quoted in Sheehan, Planet Mars, 104.

  4. Sheehan, Planet Mars, 171.

  5. Hurtak and Crowley, The Face on Mars, 35.

  6. Ibid., 36.

  7. THE VIKING ENIGMA

  1. “The plain of gold”: named after its coloration.

  2. Conversation with authors, July 1997, at Caltech, Pasadena, California.

  3. Cosmos, 140.

  4. Ibid.

  5. According to Gerry Soffen, a Viking project scientist.

  6. Press release P-17384. (Source: NASA/Internet).

  7. Cosmos, 140.

  8. The Face on Mars, 68.

  8. JESUS IN A TORTILLA

  1. Ares Vallis means simply “Mars Valley.”

  2. NASA press release (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/marsob.txt), 21 August 1993.

  3. B. Rux, Architects of the Underworld (Berkeley, Calif: Frog Ltd., 1996), 245.

  4. Richard Grossinger, Foreword to Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, xxxiii.

  5. McDaniel, Report, xvi.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Ibid, 23.

  8. Rux, Architects of the Underworld, 241–44. The image can be found at the website of the Academy for Future Science (AFFS): affs@affs.org.

  9. FACE STARING BACK

  1. DiPietro, and Molenaar, Unusual Martian, 15. “A fantastic adventure was just beginning.”

  2. Carlotto, Martian Enigmas, 20.

  3. DiPietro and Molenaar, Unusual Martian, 23.

  4. Carlotto, Martian Enigmas, 20.

  5. Ibid, 18.

  6. DiPietro and Molenaar, Unusual Martian, 27.

  7. Ibid, 38.

  8. Jim Channon, quoted in Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 167–68.

  9. For face recognition as an “innate releasing mechanism,” see A. Stevens, Archetype: A Natural History of the Self (London: Routledge, 1992), 57.

  10. R. Spitz, “The Smiling Response,” in Genetic Psychology Monographs 34: 57–125.

  10. OZYMANDIAS

  1. Mark Carlotto, conversation with the authors, Manchester, England, December 1997.

  2. Carlotto, Martian Enigmas, 40; and Mark Carlotto, “Digital Imagery Analysis of Unusual Martian Surface Features,” Applied Optics 27, 15 May 1988.

  3. Ibid, 5.

  4. McDaniel, Report, 48.

  5. Carlotto, conversation with authors, December 1997.

  6. Carlotto, Martian Enigmas, 287.

  11. COMPANIONS OF THE FACE

  1. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 16.

  2. Ibid, 267.

  3. McDaniel, Report, 70.

  4. Arden Albee, interview with the authors, Cal Tech, Pasadena, California, July 1997.

  12. THE PHILOSOPHERS’ STONE

  1. Sagan, Cosmos, 321.

  2. Ibid, 324–25.

  3. R. Pirsig, Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (London: Black Swan, 1992), 392–93.

  4. Sagan, Cosmos, 134.

  5. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 325.

  6. Erol Torun, “The Geomorphology and Geometry of the D&M Pyramid,” unpublished paper; available through Compuserve Issues forum, section 10, filename PYRAMI.RSH.

  7. Ibid.

  8. Ibid.

  9. That is, with the orbiter camera angle corrected, so the object is not seen on a slope.

  10. David Wood and Dan Campbell, Genset (Sudbury on Thames, England: Bellvue Books, 1995), 61.

  11. H. E. Huntley, The Divine Proportion (New York: Dover Publications, 1970), 24.

  12. Wood and Campbell, Genset, 61.

  13. J. Michell, The New View Over Atlantis (London: Thames and Hudson, 1983), 157–59.

  14. McDaniel, Report, 86.

  15. J. Michell, The New View Over Atlantis, 157–59.

  16. DiPietro and Molenaar, Unusual Martian, 38.

  17. Phi is 1.6180339885 … calculated by adding one to the square root of five and dividing the result by two. See P. Tompkins, Mysteries of the Mexican Pyramids (London: Thames and Hudson, 1976), 262.

  18. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 151–52.

  19. McDaniel, Report, 85.

  20. Ibid, 86.

  21. J. and C. Matthews, The Western Way: The Hermetic Tradition (London: Penguin Arkana, 1988), 199.

  22. See collected works of C. G. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy: Alchemical Studies and Mysterium Conjunctionis.

  23. Rosarium, Art. aurif, II, 237 in Jung, Psychology and Alchemy.

  24. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy, 178.

  25. Torun, “Geomorphology and Geometry of D&M Pyramid.”

  26. Ibid.

  13. COINCIDENCES

  1. McDaniel, Report, 88.

  2. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 326, note 4, Appendix 2; Carlotto, Martian Enigmas, 178.

  3. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 351–52.

  4. Used as letter t in H. Crater and S. McDaniel, Mound Configurations on the Martian Cydonia Plain: A Geometric and Probablistic Analysis, privately published, 1995. Camp Ares Ltd, U.K.

  5. “The Martian Mysteries,” Quest 1, (1997): 35.

  6. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, fig. 10, and McDaniel, Report, 115–16.

  7. Crater and McDaniel, Mound Configurations, 2.

  8. Ibid, 2.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Ibid, 4.

  11. Ibid, 7.

  12. “Martian Mysteries,” 35.

  13. Crater and McDaniel, Mound Configurations, 9.

  14. Ibid, Appendix C.

  15. Ibid, 9.

  16. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 352 and fig. 30.

  17. Ibid, 352.

  18. Ibid, 469. Also J. McDowell, “Mars Pathfinder Update,” Sky and Telescope 88, (December 1994).

  Part Three: Hidden Things

  14. DISINFORMATION

  1. B. Rux, Architects of the Underworld (Berkeley, Calif.: Frog Ltd, 1996), 246.

  2. U.S. House, Report on the Committee on Science and Astronautics, 87th Cong. 1st sess., 242; Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs, prepared for NASA by the Brookings Institute and delivered to the Committee of the Whole House of the State of the Union, 18 April 1961.

  3. Architects of the Underworld, 246.

  4. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 409.

  5. Ibid, 410.

  6. Brookings Institute, Implications of Peaceful Space.

  7. CIA, Report of Meetings of Scientific Advisory Panel on Unidentified Flying Objects Convened by Scientific Intelligence, 14–18 January 1953. This panel was later named the Robertson Panel after its chairman, Dr. H. P. R
obertson. Quoted in Victoria Alexander, The Alexander UFO Religious Crisis Survey (Las Vegas, Nev.: Bigelow Foundation, 1994).

  8. Filotto, Face on Mars, 360.

  9. The Sunday Times (London), 8 June 1997.

  10. Ibid.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Times (London), 25 June 1997.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Alexander, UFO Religious Crisis Survey, 1.

  16. Ibid, 28.

  17. Stanley McDaniel, lecture delivered at Quest for Knowledge conference, Harpenden, England, 27 September 1997.

  18. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 206–8, and Carlotto, Martian Enigmas, 196.

  19. Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 206–8.

  20. “I hope that forthcoming American and Russian missions, especially orbiters with high-resolution television cameras, will make a special effort—among hundreds of other scientific questions—to look more closely at the Pyramids and what some call the Face and the City.” Sagan, Demon, New York: Quoted in Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 471.

  21. Malin Space Science Systems Web site (www.msss.com).

  22. McDaniel, Quest for Knowledge lecture.

  23. Malin Space Science Systems Web site (www.msss.com).

  15. CAMERA OBSCURA

  1. The girls always claimed that they were trying to reproduce images of real fairies they had seen. See J. Bord, Fairies: Real Encounters with Little People (London: Michael O’Mara Books, 1997).

  2. Cong. Howard Wolpe, quoted in Architects of the Underworld, 246.

  3. McDaniel, Report, 166–67.

  4. McDaniel, Quest for Knowledge lecture.

  5. McDaniel, Report, 15.

  6. Ibid, 23–24.

  7. Ibid, 168.

  8. See http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/marsob.txt.

  9. G. E. Cunningham, in NASA’s JPL Mars Exploration Program’s publication The Martian Chronicle, no. 1, January 1995.

  10. Malin Space Science Systems website (www.msss.com).

  11. Cunningham, in Martian Chronicle, 4.

  12. NASA, press release, in Hoagland, Monuments of Mars, 431.

  13. Arden Albee, interview with the authors at Cal Tech, Pasadena, California, 19 July 1997.

  14. AUFORA news update via CNI News.