The Long Walk to Freedom

by Nelson Mandela

Botha, Pik,

  Botha, P. W.,

  attack on ANC,

  negotiations with ANC,

  Botswana,

  Bourguiba, Habib,

  Brand, Warrant Officer,

  Bregman, Nat,

  Brezhnev, Leonid,

  Britain,

  Broederbond organization,

  Brutus, Dennis,

  Bunga (legislature),

  Bureau of State Security (BOSS),

  Bush, George,

  Buthelezi, Mangosuthu,

  Cachalia, Maulvi,

  Cachalia, Yusuf,

  arrest and trial

  Calata, James,

  Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust,

  Laws,

  Cape Town,

  Carlson, Joel,

  Carneson, Fred,

  Carolus, Cheryl,

  Carrington, Lord,

  Cetywayo, King,

  Chamber of Mines,

  Chaskalson, Arthur,

  Chiba, Laloo,

  Chissano, Joaquim,

  Christianity,

  Churchill, Winston,

  CIA,

  circumcision ceremony,

  citizenship issue,

  civil disobedience campaign,

  Clarkebury Boarding Institute,

  Clinton, Bill,

  CODESA (Convention for a Democratic,

  South Africa), See

  also CODESA

  CODESA

  Coetsee, Kobie,

  negotiations with ANC,

  Color Bar Act,

  Coloured People’s Congress,

  Coloureds

  See also

  South African Coloured People’s

  Organization

  communism/Communist Party (SACP),

  ANC and,

  ban against,

  mineworkers strike and, MK

  and, NM and Youth League

  opposition to,

  religion and, South African

  opposition to,

  underground activities, whites in,

  See also Suppression of Communism Act

  Conco, Wilson,

  Congress Alliance,

  Congress of Democrats (COD),

  Congress of South African Trade Unions,

  (COSATU),

  Congress of the People,

  Conservative Party,

  constitution. See Freedom Charter

  Convention for a Democratic South Africa.

  See CODESA

  Cook, A. J.,

  Cooper, Saths,

  Corbett, Michael,

  Criminal Laws Amendment Act,

  Crown Mines,

  Dadoo, Yusuf, arrest

  and trial,

  Daligqili,

  Dalindyebo, Jongilizwe,

  Dalindyebo, Jongintaba,

  Dalindyebo, Justice,

  Dalindyebo, Nomafu,

  Dalindyebo, Nxeko,

  Dalindyebo, Sabata,

  Daliwonga. See Matanzima, K. D.

  Daniels, Eddie,

  Dash, Samuel,

  Davidoff, Hymie,

  Davis, Don,

  Day of Protest,

  Day of the Volunteers,

  Defiance Campaign,

  arrest of members,

  de Klerk, F. W.,

  ANC negotiations,

  apartheid and,

  calls for all-white

  referendum, 1994 election

  and, Nobel

  Peace Prize, violence in South Africa

  and,

  democracy,

  Department of Development Aid,

  Derby-Lewis, Clive,

  de Villiers, Dawie,

  De Wet, Christiaan,

  de Wet, Quartus,

  Diallo, Abdoulaye,

  Dinath, Moosa,

  Dingake, Mike,

  Dingane’s Day,

  Dlamini, Father,

  Doctors’ Pact,

  Donaldson Orlando Community Center,

  Dos Santos, José Eduardo,

  Douglas-Home, Alex,

  Dube, John,

  Du Bois, W. E. B.,

  Duncan, Patrick,

  Dutch Reform Church,

  education, African,

  eGoli. See Johannesburg

  Egypt,

  elections,

  emergency, state of. See State of

  Emergency/Emergency Regulations

  Emigrant Thembuland,

  Ethiopia,

  Ethiopian Riot Battalion,

  European Community,

  Extension of University Education Act,

  fascism,

  Fazzie, Henry,

  Ferris, Hennie,

  Festile (boss at Crown Mines),

  First, Ruth,

  First Transvaal and Orange Free State

  Peoples Assembly for Votes for All,

  Fischer, Bram,

  Fischer, Molly,

  FLN (Algerian resistance),

  Fort Beaufort,

  Fort Hare (University College),

  Fourie, Warder,

  Franks, Maurice,

  Fraser, Malcolm,

  Freedom Charter,

  treason trial

  and,

  Freedom Day strike,

  Freedom Front,

  Free Mandela campaign,

  Gaetsewe, John,

  Gaitskell, Hugh,

  Gandhi, Mahatma,

  Gandhi, Manilal,

  gangs, criminal,

  Garvey, Marcus,

  General Law Amendment Act,

  Gericke, Captain,

  Germany,

  Ghana,

  Ghetto Act,

  Goldberg, Dennis,

  Goldreich, Arthur,

  Goldreich, Hazel,

  Goldreich, Nicholas,

  Goniwe, Matthew,

  Gordhan, Ketso,

  Gqabi, Joe,

  Gqozo, Oupo,

  Gregory, James,

  Grimond, Jo,

  Group Areas Act,

  group rights issue,

  guerilla warfare,

  Guinea,

  Gumede, Archie,

  Gumede, Josiah,

  Gwala, Harry,

  Gwentshe, Alcott,

  Hahlo, Professor,

  Haile Selassie,

  Hani, Chris,

  Hanson, Harold,

  Harare Declaration,

  Harmel, Michael,

  Harmel, Ray,

  Harris, C.,

  Healdtown,

  Healey, Dennis,

  Helberg, Sergeant,

  Helman and Michel law firm,

  Hepple, Alex,

  Hepple, Bob,

  Hertzog, J. B.,

  High Organ. See African National Congress;

  Robben Island activities history, African,

  Hodgson, Jack,

  Holomisa, Bantu,

  homeland issues,

  Huddleston, Trevor,

  Hughes, Father,

  Hynning, Mr. (American attorney),

  iMfecane,

  Immorality Act,

  Indian community,

  partnership with Africans,

  vote. See also South African Indian

  Congress; Traansvaal Indian

  Congress; Traansvaal Indian Youth Congress

  Industrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU),

  Inkatha Freedom Party,

  Internal Security Act,

  International Red Cross,

  Jabavu, D. D. T.,

  Jacobs, Colonel

  Jassat, Abdulhay,

  Jawaharlal Nehru Human Rights Award,

  Jehovah’s Witnesses,

  Jelliman, Mr.,

  Jews,

  Joffe, Joel,

  Johannesburg: NM’s escape to and

  employment in, NM’s

  underground activities in,

  protests in,

  Johannesburg Fort prison,

  Jones, Reverend,

  Jongintaba, Chief,

  Joseph, Helen,

  Joyi, Zwelibhangile,


  Kadalie, Clements,

  Kantor, Jimmy,

  Kapwepwe, Simon,

  Kathrada, Ahmed (Kathy),

  MK and, in Robben

  Island prison,

  in

  Pollsmoor prison, negotiations

  with government,

  release from prison,

  Kaunda, Kenneth,

  Keitsing, Fish,

  Kellerman, Major,

  Kemp, General,

  Kennedy, Justice,

  Kentridge, Sydney,

  Kerr, Alexander,

  Kgoloko, Kolane,

  Kgosana, Philip,

  Khongisa, Nyathi,

  King, Coretta Scott,

  King, Martin Luther, Jr.,

  Kissinger, Henry,

  Kleynhans brothers,

  Koch, Miss,

  Kodesh, Wolfie,

  Kotane, Moses,

  Kruger, Jimmy,

  Kruger, Sergeant,

  Kunene, Andrew,

  KwaZulu,

  Lagos Conference of Independent States,

  Land Act,

  League of Nations,

  Leballo, Potlako,

  Lebentlele, Frank,

  legal system, South African,

  legislation, discriminatory,

  protest against,

  Leibbrandt, Robey,

  Lekota, Patrick “Terror,”

  Lembede, Anton,

  Letele, Arthur,

  Letlaka, Tsepo,

  Levson, Freda,

  Levy, Leon,

  Liberal Party,

  Liberia,

  Liliesleaf Farm, Rivonia,

  little Rivonia Trial,

  Lollan, Stanley,

  Louw, Mike,

  Ludorf, Justice,

  Lutheran mission,

  Luthuli, Albert,

  antiremoval campaign,

  and, as president of the

  ANC,

  Congress of the People

  and, arrest and trial,

  in NM’s treason trial,

  armed violence policy and,

  Nobel Peace Prize,

  NM underground and,

  Mabhida, Moses,

  Mabutho, J.,

  Mabutho, Mrs. Gogo,

  Macmillan, Harold,

  Madi, Levi,

  Madikizela, Columbus,

  Mahabane, Paul,

  Mahabane, Zaccheus,

  Maharaj, Mac,

  Mahlasela, Ben,

  Maisels, Israel,

  Majombozi, Lionel,

  majority rule issue,

  Makanna,

  Make, Vusumuzi,

  Makgatho, Sefako Mapogo,

  Makhanda,

  Makue, Joshua,

  Makwetu, Clarence,

  Malan, Daniel,

  Malan, Magnus,

  Mandela, Baliwe,

  Mandela, Daligqili,

  Mandela, Evelyn (née Mase),

  birth of children,

  break-up of marriage to NM,

  Mandela, Leabie,

  Mandela, Mabel,

  Mandela, Madiba Thembekile,

  Mandela, Makaziwe (NM’s first daughter),

  Mandela, Makaziwe (NM’s second

  daughter),

  Mandela, Makgatho Lewanika,

  Mandela, Makhutswana,

  Mandela, Mlahlwa,

  Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla: family history,

  childhood, and education,

  early life in Johannesburg,; law

  education and practice,

  ANC

  connection and politics,

  marriage to Evelyn,

  Mase family life and

  birth of children,

  arrest and trial (1952),

  bans against,

  visits home,; Treason

  Trial (1956),

  meets and

  marries Winnie Madikizela,

  arrest and imprisonment

  under State of Emergency,

  goes underground,

  founds and heads MK,

  international campaigns,

  military training; arrest

  and imprisonment (1962),

  Rivonia Trial (1962),

  begins prison sentence at Robben

  Island,; writes memoirs

  transfer to Pollsmoor Prison,

  armed resistance/

  violence policy, refuses

  conditional release,; negotiations

  with government,

  health,; transfer to Victor

  Verster prison,

  meetings with Botha,; meetings

  with de Klerk,;

  release

  from prison, post-prison

  activities,; European and American tour,; separation from

  Winnie,; Nobel Peace Prize

  Mandela, Notancu,

  Mandela, Winnie (née Nomzamo,

  Winifred Madikizela),; meets and

  marries NM,; politics

  birth of children,

  visits to NM in prisons,

  at NM’s trial,; ban

  against,

  arrest and imprisonment,;

  erosion of marriage to NM,

  internal exile,

  NM’s

  release from prison and,

  Mandela, Zenani,

  Mandela, Zindziswa,

  Mandela and Tambo law firm,

  Mandela-Plan (M-Plan),

  Mangope, Lucas,

  Manuel, Trevor,

  Maoto, Kangaroo,

  Mao Tse-tung,

  Maqubela, Patrick,

  Marais, Major,

  Marcus, Nathan,

  Maree, Willie,

  Margai, Milto,

  Marks, J. B.,

  arrest and trial,,

  Marupeng, Seperepere,

  Marx, Gawie,

  Marxism,

  Mase, Sam,

  Maseko, MacDonald,

  Maseko, Phyllis,

  Masemola, Jeff,

  Mashaba, Bertha,

  Mashifane, Thomas,

  Masire, Quett,

  MaSisulu (mother of Walter Sisulu),

  Masondo, Andrew,

  mass action/protests,

  Mass Democratic Movement (MDM),

  Matanzima, George,

  Matanzima, K. (Kalzer) D. (Daliwonga),

  Matlou, Jonas,

  Matomela, Florence,

  Matthews, Joe,

  Matthews, Z. K.,

  Matyolo family,

  Mbekela, Ben,

  Mbekela, George,

  Mbekeni, Constance,,

  Mbekeni, Garlick,,

  Mbeki, Govan,

  Mbeki, Thabo,

  Mbobo, Victor,

  Mda, A. P. (Peter),

  Mda, Rose,

  Mdingi, Chief,

  Meadowlands,

  Meer, Fatima,

  Meer, Ismail,

  Meligqili, Chief,

  Menye, Nqabeni,

  Methodist Church of South Africa,

  Methodist faith/Church,

  Mfengu people,

  Mgudlwa, Msunguli,

  Mgxaji, Nkosana,

  Mhlaba, Raymond,

  negotiations with government and,

  release from prison,

  Michel, Rodney,

  Mini, Vuyisile,

  Minnaar, Colonel,

  Mitterrand, François,

  Mji, Diliza,

  Mkentane, Lincoln,

  MK (Umkhonto we Sizwe–

  the Spear of the Nation),; ANC

  and,

  armed resistance/violence policy, arrest

  and imprisonment of members,

  founding,;

  international support for,

  legislation against,

  Mkwayi, Wilton,

  Mlangeni, Andrew,

  Mlonyeni, Max,

  Modise, Joe,

  Mofokeng, Mackeed,

  Mofutsanyana, Edwin,

  Moilwa, Abram,

  Mokitimi, S. S.,

  Mokone, Elijah,

>   Molaoa, Patrick,

  Molefe, Popo,

  Molefi, Joe,

  Molete, Aaron,

  Molete, Z. B.,

  Molete, Zachariah,

  Molife, Petrus,

  Mollson, Jeremiah,

  Moloi, Jerry,

  Molotsi, Johannes (Skipper, Adonis),

  Molotsi, Peter,

  Mompati, Ruth,

  Moodley, Strini,

  Moola, Mosie,

  Moosa, Valli,

  Morocco,

  Moroka, J. S.,

  Moshweshwe, Mantsebo,

  Motala, Dr. Chota,

  Mothopeng, Zephania,

  Motlana, Nthato,

  Motsete, K. T.,

  Motsoaledi, Caroline,

  Motsoaledi, Elias,

  Mozambique,

  Mpetha, Oscar,

  Mphakanyiswa, Gadla,

  Mpondombini, Chief,

  Mpondo people,

  Mqhayi, Krune,

  Mqhayi, Samuel,

  Mqhekezweni, Thembuland,

  Mthimkhulu, Ida,

  Mtolo, Bruno,

  Mubarak, Hosni,

  Mugabe, Robert,

  Muller, Hans,

  Mulroney, Brian,

  Munro, Brigadier,

  Murray, Andrew,

  Museveni, Yoweri,

  Mustafa, Dr.,

  Mvezo,

  Mxenge, Griffiths,

  Naicker, G. M. (Monty),

  Naidoo, G. R.,

  Naidoo, M. D.,

  Nair, Billy,

  Namibia,

  Nasser, Gamal Abdel,

  Natal,

  Natal Indian Congress (NIC),

  National Action Committee,

  National Action Council,

  nationalism: African,

  Afrikaner,

  National Minded Bloc,

  National Party,

  apartheid policy education,

  policy, in elections

  negotiations with ANC,

  PAC and, Treason Trial and,

  National Peace Accord,

  National Security Management System,

  National Volunteer Board,

  Native Administration Act,

  Native Affairs Department,

  Native Representative Council,

  Naude, Beyers,

  Ndzamela, Locke,

  Nel, De Wet,

  New Age,

  news media,

  Ngangelizwe, King,

  Ngendane, Selby,

  Ngidi, Freddie,

  Ngotyana, Greenwood,

  Ngoyi, Lilian,

  Ngubane, Jordan,

  Ngubase, Solomon,

  Ngubengcuka, King,

  Nguni people,

  Ngwevela, Johnson,

  Nhlapo, Enoch,

  Nicholas, G.,

  Nigeria,

  Ninety-Day Detention Law,

  Njongwe, James,

  Nkabinde, Ellen,

  Nkampeni, J.,

  Nkobi, Thomas Titus,

  Nkomo, Joshua,

  Nkomo, William,

  Nkrumah, Kwame,

  No-England (NM’s foster mother),

  Nokwe, Duma,

  Treason Trial and,

  Non-European Unity Movement,

  nonviolence. See African National Congress:

  nonviolence policy;

  pacifism; passive resistance

  Nosekeni, Fanny,

  Nthite, Peter,