by Paul J Croce
—on usefulness, 270
soul, 250–58; and the subliminal, 174; and
— vocational choices of, 2–3, 27, 75; advice about, theological questions, 205–7
159–61; ambitions about, 164; for anatomy, 49;
— results, not expecting, xviii– xix; and
for art, 9, 236; and commitment to hard work,
depression, 221, 232; and Hinduism, 177; and
231; and crises, 187; in diff er ent disciplines,
philosophy, 272–73; and uncertainty,
23; father’s influence on, 32–33; for medicine,
269–70, 272–73; in vocational choices,
50, 67–68, 80; for natu ral history, 60, 62–64;
159–61
for philosophy, 68, 240; for physiology, 78; for
— sanity, concerns about his own, 51, 190; and
science, 9–11, 33, 43, 190
depression, 215, 231–32; and Hamlet, 158;
— weather, sensitivity to, 187, 196, 222–23, 232
and his ner vous temperament, 130; and
—on wisdom, 188, 197
philosophy, 10; and psy chol ogy, 195, 244;
— women, relations with, 25, 67, 199–214, 224,
and story of the sick soul, 250–58; and
231, 248, 258
uncertainty, 80
— and “zigzag,” 308n61
— scientific method, his reflections on, 62–63,
James, William: theories, lectures, writings
74–75
— “Against Nihilism,” 234–35,
— scientist, his identification as, 75, 136, 190,
— “Are We Automata?,” 242, 265
303–4n6; on Brazil expedition, 53–54,
— “The Brain and the Mind” (lectures at
58–63; and mainstream medicine, 78; and
Lowell Institute), 246
modern philosophy of science, 272; with
— “The Brain and the Senses in Their Relation
philanthropic hopes, 33; and philosophy,
to Intelligence” (lectures at Johns
237–40, 264, 268; and physiology, 95–98,
Hopkins), 246
100; and positivism, 37; scholarship on,
— “Brute and Human Intellect,” 265
287n40; and science education, 10–11, 24,
— “On a Certain Blindness in Human Beings,”
33, 39–40, 43; and skepticism about
127
sectarian medicine, 112–13
— “The Dilemma of Determinism,” 262–63
— sexual desires of, 199–203, 206, 209–13,
— “The Energies of Men, ” 198
305n33, 307n37
— Gifford Lectures, 275
— slow maturation of, 23, 263
— “The Gospel of Relaxation, ” 125
—on strug gles for improvements, 194; and
— “Philosophical Conceptions and Practical
action, 231; and blundering, 248; and effort,
Results,” 128–29, 269
219–23; and fate, 225–26; without
— pluralist thinking, 16–18, 23–25; in medicine, guarantees, 271–72; producing insight, 188,
123, 127, 129, 179, 228, 272–73, 276; A
233; and religion, 255, 257; in the strenuous Pluralistic Universe, 129, 173, 207, 234, life, 220, 222; and water cure, 198; and the
245, 266
will, 195; and work, 239
— pragmatist thinking, 5, 10, 20, 217; between
— suicidal thoughts of, 187, 191, 215–16, 226, 131
absolutism and relativism, 149, 309n77; and
—as teacher, 12; bringing stability, 250; in the
action, 203, 221; in critique of abstraction,
classroom, 248; and Metaphysical Club,
45, 205; and common sense, 48; and
234; of philosophy, 173, 247, 262; of Darwinism, 75; and effects, 202; and
physiology, 84, 95, 237, 246–47; of experience, 276; and native pragmatism, 60;
psy chol ogy, 252, 254; of religion, 250–51, and meliorism, 207; and neurasthenia, 125;
256–58; and retirement, 25–26
origins of, 244, 310n83; and Charles Peirce,
362 Index
— pragmatist thinking ( continued)
Jesuina (from Agassiz expedition), 199–200,
13; Pragmatism, 69, 266; and religion, 46,
213
174, 176, 182–83; and Richard Rorty, 182,
Jesus, 193–94. See also Chris tian ity
272; and truth, 179; and use, 181, 190–91,
Johns Hopkins University, 246
205, 270; and will to believe, 231; and world Judaism, 35, 150, 153, 200–201
in the making, 220, 245
— Princi ples of Psy chol ogy, 5–6, 116, 125, Kant, Immanuel, 4, 46, 69, 189, 206
145–46, 197, 273, 278; responses to, 242–43; karma. See Hinduism
on Stoicism, 170–71; use of private writings
Kittelstrom, Amy, 181
in, 160; writing of, 98, 212, 246, 265
Kloppenberg, James, 181–82
— “Quelques Considérations sur la method
knowledge, the constructed quality of, 46,
subjective” (“Some Reflections on the
48, 176
Subjective Method”), 265
Kuhn, Thomas, 272
— radical empiricism, ideas related to: on
consciousness, 42, 125; in contrast with
laboratories, scientific: and authority of
materialist science, 94; Essays in Radical
science, 34, 105, 126; at Harvard Medical
Empiricism, 5, 266; on experience, 11, 149,
School, 99; for Harvard psy chol ogy, 246;
266; as meta phor, 23, on relations, 47, 132, WJ’s hopes for work in, 77–78, 118; WJ’s
276; on religion, 173; and uncertainty,
self- experimentation, 224; WJ’s work in,
181–82
24, 43–44, 80, 83, 85; as meta phor for diary
— “The Sentiment of Rationality”: on faith, 46;
entries, 229; with research on temperature,
on feeling at home with ideas, 145; on
121; in scientific medicine, 84–91; in
mystery, 264; on openness to diverse
scientific psy chol ogy, 91–96, 242; and
theories, 129, 183; on philosophical
sectarian medicine, 127. See also du
commitment, 228, 265; and pragmatism, 244
Bois- Reymond, Emil; physiological
— “Spencer’s Definition of Mind as Correspon-
psy chol ogy; reaction time experiments;
dence,” 37, 194, 244, 264–65
scientific materialism; scientific medicine
— Talks to Teachers, 5
Lamberth, David, 271
— “Vacations,” 125, 217
Lanman, Charles Rockwell, 177
— The Va ri e ties of Religious Experience, 5, 192;
Lawrence Scientific School: curriculum at,
on comforting spirituality, 221; on medical
140; Charles Eliot at, 99; WJ’s expectations
materialism, 126; postponement of lectures
about, 9, 32, 39; WJ’s study at, 43, 49, 137;
for, 278; on religion of ancient culture, 171;
Laycock, Thomas, 243
on religion of healthy- mindedness, 104; and
Leary, David, 289n55, 307n57, 309n76, 311n95, science of religions, 176; with story of the
312n98, 312n100
sick soul, 250–58; on subliminal realms, 225
Lequyer, Jules, 228–29, 308n60
— “The Will to Believe,” 5, 192, 241; on
Lewis, R. W. B., 149, 294–95n58
ambiguous options, 190; and a fighting faith,
liberal arts education, 140, 144
&nb
sp; 221, 257; on keeping faithful to facts, 54,
licensing laws, medical, 104, 127–28
256; on the leap of faith, 40, 52; on Blaise
Lincoln, Abraham, 29
Pascal, 217; on precursive faith, 160, 208;
linguistic turn, 182–83
and religion at second hand, 176; and
Livingston, Robert, 143
Charles Renouvier, 231; in science, 94; and
Loerzer, Barbara, 289n55
Stoicism, 170
Lovering, Joseph, 41, 44
Jamestown, 139
Lowell Lectures, 16, 41
Janet, Pierre, 225. See also subconscious
Ludwig, Karl, 77; materialist oath, 92–94
(subliminal) mental states
Luther, Martin, 21
Jenkyns, Richard, 150
Lyell, Charles, 57
Index 363
Mach, Ernst, 265
medical education, 82–83, 89–90
Madden, Edward, 309n69
medical marketplace, 103, 129
Magna Graecia, 142
medical materialism, 175
malaria, 106
medicine. See clinical medicine; heroic
Marcus Aurelius, 164–66, 168–69, 189, 214, medicine; medical education; preventive
233, 274. See also Stoicism
medicine; scientific medicine; sectarian
Mas sa chu setts 54th Regiment, 29
medicine; specificity, princi ple of;
Mas sa chu setts General Hospital, 67, 83–84, therapeutic routinism; therapeutic
252
skepticism
Mas sa chu setts Institute of Technology, 99
meliorism, 18, 207
Mas sa chu setts legislature, 127
Menand, Louis, 61
Mas sa chu setts Medical College. See Harvard
Metaphysical Club, 10, 14, 197, 236, 246; and Medical School
Alexander Bain, 94; and Elizabeth Boott,
material and immaterial dimensions, 42; in
211; John Fiske in the, 37; formation of, 234;
art, 65, 134; coexistence of, 36–37, 132–33, and pragmatism, 45–46, 75, 244; and
152, 154; criticism of overemphasis on either,
thinking about belief and action, 240; and
195; in experience, 245, 268; in Hinduism,
thinking about free will, 224; and thinking
177; immaterial beyond material, 157, 167;
about habit, 230; and thinking about
immaterial explaining material, 42, 102, 111, psy chol ogy and philosophy, 241, 246
131; in WJ’s medical thesis, 120–22; WJ’s use Michelangelo, 150, 157
of, 260, 263–64, 266, 271, 278, 282n19, Mignot, Louis. See painting, landscape
283–84n21; in mainstream medicine, 76,
Mill, John Stuart, 37, 211
79–80, 85, 88–90; material explaining Miller, Dickinson, 252
immaterial, 34, 36–38, 41, 171, 175, 241; with Milne- Edwards, Henri, 226
nature and spirit, 156–57, 170; with physical mind cure, 77, 104, 127, 131
and mental, 188, 191; in psy chol ogy, 92–94, missionaries, 63
228, 238–39, 243–44, 259–60; relation of, misspellings, 302
19–20, 23–25, 100, 103, 145, 178, 182; in Mitchell, S. Weir, 124
religion, 206; re sis tance to materialist
monogenesis, 70–73
explanations, 75–78, 96, 126, 133, 135–36, mono the ism, 25, 95, 154, 156–57
254; in science and religion, 36–37, 39, 71, 80,
morality, 136; and ancient culture, 144, 151;
175, 180–85; scientific hopes to explain
and Civil War, 31, 96; and claims to
immaterial, 38, 89; in sectarian medicine,
certitude, 228, 248; and craving for order,
103–10; separation of, 36, 134; in sexual
236; and effort, 127, 187, 223, 233, 299n32;
attraction, 201; in teleology, 240. See also
and free will, 161, 221, 230, 238, 258; and James, William: on “Program of the Future
gender, 48; in WJ’s crises, 223–26; in Kant,
of Science”; naturalism: without material-
46; and medicine, 52, 82; and religion, 34;
ism; scientific materialism; spirituality
and science, 72, 173; and science and
Mather, Cotton, 139
religion, 70, 194–95, 220; and Stoicism, 164, Mauritius. See Brown- Séquard, Edouard
214; and Thou idea, 47
Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 56
Moreau, Jacques, 224, 243. See also subcon-
maya, 177; “abyss of horrors,” 10, 239, 246.
scious (subliminal) mental states
See also Hindusim
Morley, John, 175
McClellan, George B., 29
Morton, Samuel. See racism, scientific
McLean Asylum (McLean Hospital), 252,
Mount Marcy, 275
311n96
Müller, Johannes, 91–92
mechanistic philosophies, 36, 92, 94. See also Müller, Max, 175, 177, 179
material and immaterial dimensions
Museum of Comparative Anatomy, 246
364 Index
museums, 143–45, 179. See also Acad emy of Nott, Josiah. See racism, scientific
Fine Arts (New York); Boston: Barnum,
numerical method. See Paris medicine;
P. T.; Church, Frederick; Museum of
probabilistic thinking
Comparative Anatomy; Zwinger Museum
music, 201–2
Orvell, Miles, 20
Myers, Frederick, 225. See also subconscious
Otto, Rudolf, 152
(subliminal) mental states
Ovid, 139
Myers, Gerald, 265, 283–84n21
mystery, 57, 181–83, 274, 307n54; in ancient paganism, 170–71. See also polytheism
culture, 16, 34, 155, 166; in experience, 13, 16,
painting, landscape, 65–66, 138; Washington
128, 264, 268; and gender, 18, 48, 156; WJ at Allston, 138; Albert Bierstadt, 66; Frederick
home with, 126, 220, 226, 249, 265, 275,
Church, 55, 66, 144; Martin Johnson Heade,
314n16; and mysticism, 36, 202, 207, 228; in
66; Louis Mignot, 66
nature, 184; in religion, 47, 173, 183; in Palmer, George Herbert, 263
science, 19, 268; and scientific discovery, 88, panentheism. See spirituality
269; and subliminal realm, 174–75, 256; and panpsychism. See embodied mind
uncertainty, 38, 260, 270
Paris medicine, 81–85, 89, 102. See also clinical medicine
Native Americans, 59–61, 124
Pascal, Blaise, 217
natu ral healing powers, 102–3, 106
Peirce, Charles Sanders, 234; and chance, 16;
natu ral history, 236. See also field naturalism
early discussions with WJ, 45–47, 62, 75, naturalism, 34; without materialism, 70–72,
238; “Logic of Science” articles, 13, 116, 202,
128, 247
244; and long- term thinking, 190; in
natu ral theology, 34, 137, 242. See also science Metaphysical Club, 10, 197, 230; and
and religion
tychism, 16
nature of nature, the, 134, 180. See also
pharmacopoeia. See remedies
embodied mind; material and immaterial
philhellenism ( Graekomanie), 141
dimensions; spirituality
philology, 140
nature- trusting heresy, 104. See also
philosophizing, xvii; and career planning, 160;
self- limiting diseases; therapeutic
and curiosity, 13; and diversity, 16; about
skepticism
experience, 5, 14, 132; WJ’s depression from,
Naturphilosophie, 89
10, 14, 214, 219, 238–40; and WJ grieving, ner vous system, 87–89, 96, 125, 242–44
225–27; and WJ’s mature theorizing, 23–24, neurasthenia, 124–25, 295–96nn69–71; and
235, 260–61, 264–68, 270–74; and WJ’s con temporary psy chol ogy, 59, 87, 243; WJ’s, reflections on ancient culture, 135, 149; WJ’s
43, 125, 196–98, 217–18, 251; and sex, 209,
reflective interests as, 44, 67–68, 100,
213
178–79, 229–30; for personal direction, Newport, RI, 27, 138, 196, 236
11–12, 129; about science and religion,
New Zealand, 58
150–51, 183; in Stoicisim, 162, 168–69
Nietz sche, Friedrich, 155
philosophy, profession of, 10–12, 44; WJ’s
nondualism, 66; in biography, 270; of body and
contributions to, 20, 274; WJ’s interest in,
mind, 130; and John Dewey, 181; WJ’s
246–47; WJ as professor in, 173
contributions to, 19, 181; in WJ’s thought,
philosophy of evolution, 37, 69
182–84, 271, 282n19; and natu ral facts, 273; philosophy of precision, 13, 136, 158
and spirituality, 184. See also dualism;
physical culture. See body reforms
embodied mind; spirituality
physics, 41, 44
North American Review, 69
physiological psy chol ogy (scientific psy chol-
Norton, Charles Eliot, 69
ogy), 95–96, 260; and Henry Bowditch, 84;
Index 365
WJ’s study of, 77–78; and scientific
WJ’s teaching of, 213, 237, 246–47, 260, 262;
medicine, 90–92; Wilhelm Wundt and,
and medicine, 50, 97, 132; and neurasthenia,
242–43
125; in neuroscience, 190; in Stoicism,
physiology, WJ’s commitment to, 237–40;
166–67; and story of the sick soul, 243,
WJ’s study of, 24, 77–78, 90–96; WJ’s
250–58. See also embodied mind; James,
teaching of, 236; WJ’s use of, in medical
William: depression of; James, William: and
school, 97–100, 121–22; psy chol ogy and, 43,
Princi ples of Psy chol ogy; physiological
214; and scientific medicine, 50, 80, 85–90.
psy chol ogy; subconscious (subliminal)
See also physiological psy chol ogy
mental states; Wundt, Wilhelm
Plato, 69
psychophysical parallelism, 38
poetry, 47, 191–94, 196
psychophysics, 91–91
pointing pro cess, 142
public health, 105
Polanyi, Michael, 235, 302n84. See also
Putnam, Charles Pickering, 267
teleology