The Grand Inquisitor’s Manual

by Jonathan Kirsch

  49. Quoted in Friedländer, 2007, 332 (“the most evil world enemy…”).

  50. Roth, iii.

  51. Roth, 274–75.

  52. Quoted in Friedländer, 1998, 186.

  53. Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties (New York: Macmillan, 1968), xii (“the whole alleged plot…”).

  54. Quoted in People’s Commissariat of Justice of the U.S.S.R., Report of Court Proceedings: The Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre (Moscow: People’s Commissariat of Justice of the U.S.S.R., 1936), 169.

  55. G. E. Evdokimov, quoted in People’s Commissariat, 166.

  56. Martin, 119 (“proto-Stalinist”); Vishinsky, quoting Vladmir Lenin, in People’s Commissariat, 118 (“filthy scum”); Conquest, 1968, 138 (“the swallow”).

  57. Quoted in People’s Commissariat, 118.

  58. Vishinsky, quoted in People’s Commissariat, 136 (“sacrilege”).

  59. Quoted in Conquest, 1968, 127 (“None of us desires…”) (adapted).

  60. Conquest, 1968, 125 (“Their constant avowals,” etc.).

  61. Quoted in Conquest, 1968, 132. “Koestler’s account is in fact well founded on the facts…. His ‘Rubashov’ is modeled on Bukharin in his thinking and Trotsky and [Karl] Radek in his personality and physical appearance.” Conquest, 1968, 133, n. 29.

  62. People’s Commissariat, 137–38.

  63. Quoted in People’s Commissariat, 164 (“I demand…”); quoted in foreword to Leon Trotsky, Stalin’s Frame-Up System and the Moscow Trials (New York: Pioneer, 1950), viii (“the supreme penalty…,” etc.).

  64. Quoted in Donald Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him (New York: Random House, 2005), 319 (“It needs stylistic polishing”).

  65. Quoted in Rayfield, 317, 320 (“A Poem About Stalin…” and “Koba, why do you need my life?”).

  66. Anne Applebaum, Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps (New York: Penguin, 2003), 3.

  67. Quoted in Applebaum, 21 (“ongoing purification”), 64 (“wreckers”), 105 (“the second category,” etc.), 109 (“isolation”), 111 (“enemies of the people” and “counter-revolutionaries”).

  68. Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987), 284 (“traitor to the fatherland”) (adapted); quoted in Applebaum, 111 (“crawl[ed] stealthily into socialism…”).

  69. Applebaum, 106 (“the Revolution devoured…”); Conquest, 1987, 284 (“Member of the Family…”).

  70. Quoted in Applebaum, 106.

  71. Quoted in Conquest, 1968, 318–19.

  72. Applebaum, 116.

  73. Applebaum, 116.

  74. Peters, 1985, 68 (“queen of torments.

  75. Rayfield, 279.

  76. Hannah Arendt, quoted in Applebaum, 21.

  77. Applebaum, 117, 119.

  8. AMERICAN INQUISITION

  1. Lea, 49 (“a settled punishment…”); Lambert, 8 (“to buy faggots…”).

  2. Held, 80 (“tossed back…”).

  3. Burman, 150 (“The Spanish Inquisition…”) (adapted); Ernest W. Pettifer, Punishments of Former Days (Hampshire, UK: Waterside Press, 1992), 124 (“strong and hard pain”).

  4. Marion L. Starkey, The Devil in Massachusetts: A Modern Enquiry into the Salem Witch Trials (New York: Anchor Books, 1969; orig. pub. 1949), 30 (“tricks and spells”).

  5. Quoted in Starkey, 47 (“Who torments you?”); Starkey, 50 (“shrewish…”).

  6. Quoted in Starkey, 87.

  7. Quoted in Starkey, 94 (“Why he can pinch…”); Starkey, 94 (“the crazed fantasies…”).

  8. Arthur Miller, The Crucible, intro. Christopher Bigsby (New York: Penguin Books, 2003; orig. pub. 1952), 26.

  9. Quoted in Starkey, 205.

  10. Quoted in Starkey, 208.

  11. Quoted in Starkey, 214 (“It is better…”); quoted in Armstrong, 396–97 (“Kill them all…”).

  12. Starkey, 228 (“melted like moonshine…”).

  13. Quoted in Starkey, 262 (“bring[ing] upon ourselves…”), 259–60 (“was a great delusion…,” etc.).

  14. Quoted in Richard Francis, Judge Sewall’s Apology: The Salem Witch Trials and the Forming of an American Conscience (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 93–94.

  15. De Santillana, 324.

  16. Quoted in Roger Daniels, Sandra C. Taylor and Harry H. L. Kitani, eds., Japanese Americans: From Relocation to Redress (Rev. ed.) (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1991), 57 (“enemy aliens”); quoted in Martin E. Marty, One God, Indivisible, 1941–1960, vol. 3 of Modern American Religion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 77 (“one drop…”); quoted in Douglas Brinkley, ed., World War II: The Axis Assault, 1939 1942 (New York: Times Books, 2003), 279 (“A Jap’s a Jap”); quoted in Shimon Shetreet, Free Speech and National Security (Leiden, The Netherlands: Marinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991), 187 (“pressing public necessity”).

  17. Quoted in Victor S. Navasky, Naming Names (New York: Penguin Books, 1981), 22.

  18. Lillian Hellman, Scoundrel Time, intro. Garry Wills (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976), 39 (“the fear of a Red tank…”); quoted in Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America (Boston: Little, Brown, 1998), 135 (“almost a separate species…”), 144 (“the germ of death…,” etc.).

  19. Quoted in Navasky, 74.

  20. Quoted in Navasky, ix.

  21. Navasky, 75 (“orgy of informing…”); Hellman, 93 (“inhuman and indecent…,” etc.).

  22. Intro. to Hellman, 18–19, 20.

  23. Quoted in Otto Friedrich, City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s (Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1997; orig. pub. 1986), 321.

  24. Quoted in Schrecker, 361.

  25. Isaac Deutscher, biographer of Trotsky, quoted in Friedrich, 293 (“the Galileo of his drama…”) (adapted); Brecht, Galileo, quoted in Friedrich, 295 (“I recanted because…”).

  26. Quoted in Friedrich, 330.

  27. Quoted in Friedrich, 330 (“No, no, no…,” “based on the philosophy…,” and “a good example”) (adapted).

  28. Quoted in Navasky, 212 (“I speak my own sins,” etc.), 215 (“I have had to go to hell…”).

  29. Quoted in Navasky, 212.

  30. Schrecker, 317.

  31. Schrecker, 360.

  32. Quoted in Elaine Woo, “M. Radulovich, 81; Airman’s Case Played Key Role in Helping to End McCarthy Era,” Los Angeles Times, Nov. 21, 2007, B-8.

  33. Miller, 111. The final line of dialogue is actually spoken by the character of Thomas Danforth: “Mr. Hale! Mr. Hale!”

  34. Haynes Johnson, The Age of Anxiety: McCarthyism to Terrorism (Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2005), xii (“what can happen…”), 4 (“devil’s brew of fear…,” etc.).

  35. Quoted in James Bovard, Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 1.

  36. H. Johnson, 467.

  37. H. Johnson, 469, 470 (“not a single one of these individuals…” and “not one was convicted….”).

  38. Quoted in H. Johnson, 473.

  39. Quoted in H. Johnson, 482 (“watch lists” and “no-fly lists”), 484 (“read your medical records…”); quoted in Bovard, 157 (“Total Information Awareness”); Phil Kent, Southeastern Legal Foundation, quoted in Bovard, 158 (“the most sweeping threat…”).

  40. Quoted in Bovard, 144–45 (“millions of American truckers…” and “snitch system”).

  41. Quoted in Bovard, 321.

  42. Kamen, quoted in Burman, 150–51 (“called into existence…”); Cohn, 49 (“a monstrous, anti-human conspiracy”); Lambert, 151 (“a devoted underground elite”); John and Anne Tedeschi, in Ginzburg, ix (“legal justice”); Miller, quoted in Navasky, 212 (“murderous engine”).

  REFERENCES CONSULTED

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  ———. Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts. New York: Pandora, 1994.

  Bible Works 5: Software for Biblical Exegesis and Research. Norfolk, VA: Hermeneutika Bible Research, 2001.

  Bovard, James. Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

  Brecht, Bertolt. Galileo. Trans. by Charles Laughton. Ed. by Eric Bentley. New York: Grove Press, 1966.

  Brinkley, Douglas, ed. World War II: The Axis Assault, 1939–1942. New York: Times Books, 2003.

  Burman, Edward. The Inquisition: The Hammer of Heresy. New York: Dorset Press, 1992. (Orig. pub. 1984).

  “The Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215.” In Internet Medieval Sourcebook, ed. by Paul Halsall. Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies, Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/lateran4.html.

  Cantor, Norman F. Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century. New York: Quill William Morrow, 1991.

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  Chartier, Roger. “The Practical Impact of Writing.” In Passions of the Renaissance, 123. Ed. by Roger Chartier. Trans. by Arthur Goldhammer. Vol. 3 of A History of Private Life, ed. by Phillipe Ariès and Georges Darby. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, Belknap Press, 1989.

  Cohn, Norman. Europe’s Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt. New York: Basic Books, 1975.

  Conquest, Robert. The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties. New York: Macmillan, 1968.

  ———. The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.

  Coulton, G. G. The Inquisition. New York: Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith, 1929.

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  ———. Medieval Village, Manor, and Monastery. New York: Harper & Row, 1960. (Orig. pub. 1925.)

  Crankshaw, Edward. Gestapo: Instrument of Tyranny. London: Wren’s Park, 2002.

  Daniels, Roger, Sandra C. Taylor, and Harry H.L. Kitani, eds. Japanese Americans: From Relocation to Redress. Rev. ed. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1991.

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  Francis, Richard. Judge Sewall’s Apology: The Salem Witch Trials and the Forming of an American Conscience. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.

  Friedländer, Saul. The Years of Persecution, 1933–1939. Vol. 1 of Nazi Germany and the Jews. New York: HarperPerennial, 1998.

  ———. The Years of Extermination, 1939–1945. Vol. 2 of Nazi Germany and the Jews. New York: HarperCollins, 2007

  Friedrich, Otto. City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1997. (Orig. pub. 1986.)

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  Ginzburg, Carlo. The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller. Trans. by John and Anne Tedeschi. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.

  Gitlitz, David M. Secrecy and Deceit: The Religion of the Crypto-Jews. Philadelphia and Jerusalem: Jewish Publication Society, 1996.

  Grafton, Anthony. “Say Anything: What the Renaissance Teaches Us About Torture.” The New Republic, Nov. 5, 2007, 22–24.

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  Held, Robert. Inquisition: A Bilingual Guide to the Exhibition of Torture Instruments from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Era. Florence: Qua d’Arno, 1985.

  Hellman, Lillian. Scoundrel Time. Intro. by Garry Wills. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976.

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  ———. The Trial. Trans. by Edwin and Willa Muir. New York: Modern Library, 1956.

  Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1997.

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  Laursen, John Christian, and Cary J. Nederman. Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.

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  ———. A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages. 3 vols. Louisville, KY: Bank of Wisdom, 2000 (CD-ROM).

  ———. The Inquisition of the Middle Ages: Its Organization and Operation. New York: Citadel Press, 1961.

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  Peters, Edward. Inquisition. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1989.

  ———. Torture. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985.

  Pettifer, Ernest W. Punishments of Former Days. Hampshire, UK: W1992. (Orig. pub. 1947.)

  Plaidy, Jean. The Spanish Inquisition: Its Rise, Growth, and End. New York: Citadel Press, 1969.

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