Queen Victoria--Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life
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Turtle Bunbury’s Irish history website (turtlebunbury.com)
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Notes
Please note that some of the links referenced throughout this work may no longer be active.
Introduction
1. For example, Cecil Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria, Her Life and Times, vol. 1, 1819–1861, London (1972); Monica Charlot, Victoria: The Young Queen, Oxford (1991); Katherine Hudson, A Royal Conflict, London (1994); Lynne Vallone, Becoming Victoria, New Haven and London (2001); Kate Williams, Becoming Queen, London (2008)
2. For example, Greg King, Twilight of Splendor, Hoboken, NJ (2007) but particularly A. N. Wilson, Victoria: A Life, London (2014)
3. RA VIC/MAIN/M/5/80 (2 August 1835)
4. Paula Bartley, Queen Victoria, Abingdon (2016) p. 10
5. Ibid., p. 64
6. Sarah Kilby, ed., Victoria Revealed: 500 Facts about the Queen and Her World, London (2012) pp. 146–7
7. Stanley Weintraub, Victoria: Biography of a Queen, London (1987) p. 643
8. E. F. Benson, As We Were: A Victorian Peep Show, London (1930) p. 8
1. Double Wedding: Kew Palace, 11 July 1818
1. Susanne Groom and Lee Prosser, Kew Palace, London (2006) p. 87
2. Philip Yorke, ed., Letters of Princess Elizabeth of England, London (1898) p. 88
3. The Prince of Wales: unknown, but several rumoured. Duke of Clarence: 10. Duke of Kent: 1. Duke of Sussex: 2. Princess Sophia: 1
4. Henry Wheatley, ed., The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel Wraxall, London (1884) vol. 5, p. 379
5. F. Max Müller, ed., Memoirs of Baron Stockmar, London (1873) vol. 1, p. 50
6. Quoted in Olwen Hedley, Queen Charlotte, London (1975) p. 296
7. Percy Fitzgerald Hetherington, The Good Queen Charlotte, London (1899) p. 255
8. RA GEO/MAIN/36817–36818, Queen Charlotte to the Prince Regent (10 April 1818)
9. RA GEO/ADD/24, Establishment of Her Majesty’s Household (1817)
10. Müller, ed., (1873) vol. 1, p. 50
11. Hedley (1975) p. 297; RA GEO/ADD/15/0843, R. Grenville to General de Budé (7 August 1818)
12. Dorothy M. Stuart, The Daughters of George III, London (1939) pp. 99–105
13. Charles Greville, quoted in the Spectator, vol. 163 (1939) p. 520
14. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford, eds., The Greville Memoirs, 1814–1860, London (1938) p. 272
15. Hedley (1975) p. 297
16. ‘The Royal Marriages’ in The Times, issue 10407, London (13 July 1818) p. 3
17. Quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 75
18. Philip Ziegler, King William IV, London (1971) p. 121
19. Charlot (1991) p. 22
20. Ziegler (1971) p. 123
21. ‘The Royal Marriages’ in The Times, issue 10407, London (13 July 1818) p. 3
22. Richard R. Holmes, Queen Victoria, 1819–1901, London (1901) p. 17
23. Quoted in Ziegler (1971) p. 122
24. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 75
25. Nathan Tidridge, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, Toronto (2013) p. 31
26. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 51
27. RA GEO/MAIN/45412–3 (9 July 1790)
28. Tidridge (2013) p. 51
29. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 76
30. Herbert Maxwell, ed., The Creevey Papers, London (1904) vol. 1, p. 277
31. Yorke, ed. (1898) p. 70
32. John Wolcot, writing as ‘Peter Pindar’
33. Christopher Hibbert, George III, London (1998) p. 102
34. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 76
35. Quoted in Tidridge (2013) p. 58
36. Elizabeth Longford, ‘Edward, Prince, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, (2004)
37. RA GEO/MAIN/46659 (23 November 1790)
38. Quoted in Mollie Gillen, The Prince and His Lady, London (1970) p. 20
39. Quoted in Tidridge (2013) p. 159
40. RA GEO/MAIN/44165 (13 December 1800)
41. Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, eds., The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty’s Correspondence Between the Years 1837 and 1861, London (1907) vol. 1, p. 7
42. Woodham-Smith (1972) p. 10
43. Maxwell, ed. (1904) vol. 1, p. 271
44. Ibid., p. 269
45. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 77, quoted in Dorothy M. Stuart, The Mother of Victoria, London (1942) p. 5
46. The Ladies’ Monthly Museum, quoted in McKenzie Porter, Overture to Victoria, London (1961) p. 175
47. Anon., Costume, London Museum Catalogues no. 5, London (1934) pp. 151–2
48. Weintraub (1987) p. 33
49. ‘The Royal Marriages’ in The Times, issue 10407, London (13 July 1818) p. 3
50. RA GEO/ADD7/1345, account of the Duke of Kent’s ‘necessary arrangements for his marriage’ (11 January 1819)
51. Quoted in Woodham-Smith (1972) p. 15
52. RA VIC/MAIN/M/2/25 (25 January 1818)
53. Weintraub (1987) p. 32
54. Leopold to his sister Countess Mensdorff-Pouilly, quoted in Dormer, Creston, The Youthful Queen Victoria, London (1952) p. 54
55. RA VIC/MAIN/M/2/68 (11 July 1818)
56. Hedley (1975) p. 293
57. RA VIC/MAIN/M/2/70 (1818)
58. Maxwell, ed. (1904) vol. 1, p. 283
2. Birth: Kensington Palace, 24 May 1819
1. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/6 (22 June 1819)
2. Lee Prosser, ‘The Duke of Kent’ lecture at the Tower of London (13 January 2017), forthcoming article in Architectural History
3. TNA LC 9/369 fo. 131r
4. Roger Fulford, Royal Dukes: Queen Victoria’s Father and ‘Wicked Uncles’, London (1948) p. 299
5. Anon., ‘A Lady’, Anecdotes, Personal Traits, and Characteristic Sketches of Victoria, London (1840) p. 13
6. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/3 (24 May 1819)
7. RA VIC/MAIN/M/2/43 (5 May 1818)
8. RA VIC/MAIN/M/2/43 (31 December 1818)
9. Ibid.
10. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/484/36 (1854)
11. RA GEO/ADD7/1345, account of the Duke of Kent’s ‘necessary arrangements for his marriage’ (11 January 1819)
12. RA GEO/MAIN/1349, Duke of Kent to General Weatherall (11 January 1819)
13. RA VIC/MAIN/M3/3 (24 May 1819); Prosser, p. 217
14. RA VIC/MAIN/Y/63/47
15. RA GEO/MAIN/ADD7/1353 (29 January 1819)
16. Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie and Joy Dorothy Harvey, eds., The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science, London (2000) vol. 2, p. 1193
17. David Daniel Davis, The Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medicine, London (1836; 1841 edition) p. xviii
18. RA GEO/MAIN/45344–5 (8 June 1819)
19. Quoted in Porter (1961) p. 175
20. The Annual Register For the Year 1819, London (1820) p. 35; Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 78
21. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/3 (24 May 1819)
22. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 78
23. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/484/40 (2 March 1854)
24. Woodham-Smith (1972) p. 30
25. Edward’s letter, quoted in Porter (1961) p. 183
26. The Hon. Mrs Hugh Wyndham, ed., The Correspondence of Sarah Spencer, Lady Lyttelton, 1787–1870, London (1912) p. 64
27. Quoted in Lee Prosser, ‘Apartments for the Royal Family, 1790–1848’ in Olivia Fryman, ed., Kensington: Palace of the Modern Monarchy, New Haven and London (forthcoming, 2019)
28. Information provided by Lee Prosser, the accounts are at TNA LC 9/369, fos. 120–147
29. Kay Staniland, In Royal Fashion, London (1997) p. 82
3
0. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/3 (24 May 1819)
31. The Times, London (26 May 1819) p. 3
32. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/3 (24 May 1819)
33. The Hon. F. Leveson Gower, ed., Letters of Harriet, Countess Granville, London (1893) p. 169
34. Sarah Tooley, The Personal Life of Queen Victoria, New York, NY (1897) p. 8
35. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/5 (22 June 1819)
36. RA VIC/M/4/26
3. Wet Feet: Sidmouth, 23 January 1820
1. Malcolm Chase, 1820: Disorder and Stability in the United Kingdom, Manchester (2013) p. 10
2. Ibid., p. 9
3. Emma Marshall, In Four Reigns: the Recollections of Althea Allingham, 1785–1842, Leipzig (1887) p. 228
4. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (7 January 1820)
5. Marshall (1887) p. 229
6. Ibid., p. 225
7. Ibid., (1887) p. 225
8. A print of the drawing room is reproduced in Jean Crane, Queen Victoria and the Royal Glen, Exmouth (1986) p. 37
9. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (15 January 1820)
10. A. Aspinall, ed., The Letters of George IV, 1812–30, Cambridge (1938) vol. 2, p. 304
11. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 77
12. For example, TNA WORKS 19/16/1/29, Edward, Duke of Kent, Kensington Palace (30 July 1815)
13. Marquis of Lorne, V.R.I., Her Life and Empire, New York and London (1901) p. 13
14. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/20 (19 November 1819)
15. Crane (1986) p. 13; John Feltham, A Guide to Watering and Seabathing Places, London (1813 edition) p. 365, (1824 edition) p. 374
16. Julia Creeke, Life and Times in Sidmouth, Sid Vale Association (1992) p. 39
17. RA GEO/ADD7/1345, account of the Duke of Kent’s ‘necessary arrangements for his marriage’ (11 January 1819)
18. RA GEO/MAIN/45391–2 (6 January 1820)
19. Quoted in William James Anderson, The Life of … Edward, Duke of Kent, illustrated by his correspondence with the De Salaberry Family, Ottawa (1870) p. 233
20. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (7, 11 January 1820)
21. RA VIC/MAIN/M/3/3 (24 May 1819)
22. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (7 January 1820)
23. Balliol College Conroy Papers 14B+.5 (an account of Sir John Conroy’s background)
24. Anderson (1870) p. 284
25. Quoted in Hibbert (2000; 2001 edition) p. 14
26. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 78
27. ‘Item Description: Woolbrook Cottage, [Sidmouth,] 10 January, 1820. ‘Captain Conroy is commanded by Their Royal Highnesses … to Invite Mr. Mrs. and Miss le Merchant to Tea, on Friday evening next.’ Offered for sale on Abebooks.co.uk, 17 November 2016.
28. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (10 January 1820)
29. Anon., The Annual Register For the Year 1820, London (1821) p. 6
30. Robert Huish, The Public and Private Life of George III, London (1821) p. 700
31. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (11–12 January 1820)
32. Harold A. Albert, ed., Queen Victoria’s Sister: The Life and Letters of Princess Feodora, London (1967) p. 34
33. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (16 January 1820)
34. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (19 January 1820)
35. Louis A. Jennings, ed., The Croker Papers, New York, NY (1884) vol. 1, p. 141
36. RA GEO/ADD12/359, Princess Mary to the Prince Regent (25 January 1820)
37. The Annual Register For the Year 1820, London (1821) p. 82
38. See Gillian Gill, We Two, New York, NY (2009) pp. 38–9
39. Müller, ed. (1873) vol. 1, p. 79
40. Benson and Esher, eds. (1907, 1908 edition) vol. 1, p. 9
41. Marshall (1887) p. 229
42. Holmes (1901) p. 19
43. Albert, ed. (1967) p. 34
44. Creeke (1992) p. 40
45. RA GEO/MAIN/46640 (1820)
46. Creeke (1992) p. 40
47. Balliol College Archives Conroy Papers 11 [6F] memorandum of Edward Conroy
48. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (1 February 1820)
49. Benson and Esher, eds. (1911 edition) vol. 1, p. 258
50. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/286 (10 February 1820)
51. Quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 127
4. ‘I will be good’: Kensington Palace, 11 March 1830
1. Leigh Hunt, The Old Court Suburb, London (1855) vol. 2, p. 195
2. Benson and Esher, eds. (1907, 1908 edition) vol. 1, p. 14
3. RA VIC/MAIN/Y/36/132 (15 April 1843)
4. Charles Bullock, The Early Days of Queen Victoria, London (1887) p. 11
5. G.K.A. Bell, Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, Oxford (1935) p. 1045
6. Melbourne described her so, Hudson (1994) p. 18
7. Quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 64
8. RA VIC/MAIN/Y/203/79 (6 September 1867)
9. Ibid.
10. Benson and Esher, eds. (1907; 1908 edition) vol. 1, p. 10
11. The story can be traced back to Victoria’s daughter Lenchen, who told Lord Esher. Michael De-la-Noy, Windsor Castle, Past and Present, London (1990) p. 101
12. RA VIC/MAIN/Y/203/79 (6 September 1867)
13. Gower, ed., (1893) p. 169
14. Rev. G. Davys’ diary (28 May 1823), quoted in Lorne (1901) p. 55
15. RA VIC/MAIN/3/6 (22/23 June 1819), translated in Woodham-Smith (1972) p. 33
16. Quoted in Staniland (1997) p. 85
17. Ibid, p. 86
18. John Galt, ed., Diary Illustrative of the Times of George the Fourth, Interspersed with Original Letters from the Late Queen Caroline, Paris (1839) p. 53
19. Marquis of Zetland, ed., The Letters of Disraeli to Lady Bradford and Lady Chesterfield, New York, NY, (1929) vol. 1, pp. 404–5
20. TNA WORKS 19/16/1/163 (1 December 1837); Deirdre Murphy, “ ‘I like this poor palace”: Victoria’s Childhood’, in Olivia Fryman, (forthcoming 2019)
21. RA VIC ADDO/57/B (1823)
22. Benson and Esher, eds. (1907; 1908 edition) p. 13
23. Quoted in Annie Gray The Greedy Queen, London (2017) p. 24
24. Ibid., p. 26
25. RA VIC/MAIN/ADDA/7/1a
26. Richard Henry Stoddard, ed., The Greville Memoirs, New York, NY (1875 edition) vol. 2, p. 220
27. Quoted in Kate Hubbard, Serving Victoria, London (2012) p. 26
28. Hunt (1855) vol. 2, p. 264
29. Quoted in Woodham-Smith (1972) p. 75
30. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/111
31. Rev. G. Davys’ diary (17 April 1823), quoted in Lorne (1901) p. 53
32. ‘The Queen’s Minute’ (1897), quoted in Arthur Ponsonby, ed., Sir Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria’s Private Secretary, London (1942) p. 51
33. Anon., ‘One of Her Majesty’s Servants’, The Private Life of Queen Victoria, London (1897; 1901 edition) p. 22
34. Tooley (1897) p. 31
35. Quoted in De-la-Noy (1990) p. 84
36. Written by Victoria in the margin of RA VIC/MAIN/Y/203/81 (2 December 1867)
37. RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1838: 22 March
38. Quoted in Ponsonby (1942) p. 85
39. Hudson (1994) pp. 11, 86
40. Duchess of Kent to Conroy (26 December 1838), quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 16
41. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/484/36/10 (18 February 1854)
42. Sir John Conroy to Edward Conroy (9 March 1848), quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 17
43. RA QVJ/1870: 12 September
44. Hanmer Papers, quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 19
45. Lord Holland, quoted in Edna Healey, The Queen’s House, London (1997) p. 121; RA QVJ/1838: 3 February
46. Maria Edgeworth, Moral Tales for Young People, London (1910 edition) pp. 351–2
47. Jennings, ed. (1884) vol. 1, pp. 155–6, Mr Peel to Mr Croker (23 March 1820)
48. Quoted in Woodham-Smith (1972) pp. 86–7
49. Ethel M. Duff, The Life Story of HRH The Duke of Cambridge, London (1938) p. 108
50. Benson and Esher, eds. (1907, 1908 edition) vol. 1, p. 10
51. Tooley (1897) p. 31
52. Randall Davidson in Bell (1935) vol. 1, p. 83
54. Tooley (1897) p. 20
55. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/111
56. Benson and Esher, eds. (1907, 1908 edition) vol. 1, p. 256
57. Weintraub (1987) p. 77
58. Mary Ponsonby, ‘The Character of Queen Victoria’, The Quarterly Review, London (1901)
59. Tooley (1897) p. 52, letter of Baroness Lehzen (May 1831)
60. Kilby, ed., (2012) p. 25
61. See annotation to RA VIC/MAIN/M/5/8; Vallone (2001) p. 44
62. Tooley (1897) p. 37
63. RA VIC/MAIN/M/2/8 (10–11 March 1830)
64. RA VIC/MAIN/Y/203/81 (2 December 1867)
65. Ibid.
66. RA/VIC/MAIN/2/8 (10–11 March 1830)
67. RA VIC/MAIN/5/9/28, Duchess of Kent to the Bishop of London (13 March 1830)
5. The Three Missing Weeks: Ramsgate, October 1835
1. Anon., The Thanet Itinerary, Margate (1823 edition) p. 69
2. Anon., New Margate, Ramsgate and Broadstairs Guide, Margate (1821 edition) p. 42
3. Anon., The Thanet Itinerary, Margate (1823 edition) p. 57
4. Louis Loewe, ed., Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore, London (1890) vol. 1, p. 96; Abigail Green, Moses Montefiore, Cambridge, MA (2010) p. 105
5. Quoted in Hudson (1994) p. 93
6. RA VIC/Y/63/5 (7 October 1836); Vallone (2001) p. 14
7. Quoted in Woodham-Smith (1972) p. 63
8. RA VIC/MAIN/Z/485/6, pp. 13, 17 (September 1878)
9. Royal College of Physicians, MS 4973, journal and reminiscences of Dr Ferguson, p. 12
10. RA VIC/MAIN/5/78 (30 July 1835)
11. Balliol College Archives Conroy 11 [6F] memorandum of Edward Conroy
12. Anon., The Annual Register For the Year 1835, London (1836) p. 136
13. Vallone (2001) p. 157
14. Ibid., pp. 156–7; 218
15. RA QVJ/1835: 22 September
16. RA QVJ/1835: 25 September
17. RA VIC/MAIN/5/9/84 (2 September 1835)
18. Royal College of Physicians, MS 4973, p.2
19. RA VIC/MAIN/5/9/84 (2 September 1835)
20. RA QVJ/1835: 29 September
21. Robert Edward Hunter, A Short Account of the Isle of Thanet, Ramsgate (1815) p. 39
22. Anon., The Thanet Itinerary, Margate (1823 edition) p. 64
23. James Jones, Isle of Thanet Guide (n.d.), quoted in The Ramsgate Millennium Book, The Ramsgate Society (2000) p. 46