65 Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.167-68, 172-73.
66 Chronicle of Meaux, pp.258-60; Stubbs, ed., Chronicles, ii. p.347; Rigord, Oeuvres, i. p.118; Edbury, Conquest, p.112.
67 Ambroise, p.61; Coggleshall, pp.31-32; Edbury, Kingdom of Cyprus, pp.11-12.
68 Rudt de Collenberg, ‘L’empereur Isaac’, loc. cit. pp.23-79 and esp. pp.155-75.
69 Prawer, Histoire du royaume latin, op. cit. ii. pp.43-47; D. Jacoby, ‘Crusader Acre in the 13th Century. Urban Layout and Topography’, Studia Medievali, 2nd series 10 (1979), pp.1-45.
70 Itinerarium, p.62; Nicholson, Chronicle, op. cit. p.71; D. Jacoby, ‘Montmusard, suburb of Crusader Acre: the first stage of its development’, in B.Z. Kedar, H.E. Mayer & R.C. Smail, eds., Outremer, op. cit. pp.205-13.
71 R. Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century (Oxford, 1992), p.215.
72 Lyons & Jackson, Saladin, p.299-308.
73 Ambroise, pp.82-84; F. Gabrieli, Arab Historians of the Crusades (1969), p.182.
74 Itinerarium, pp.342-43; Lyons & Jackson, pp.310-11.
75 Andreas Dandolo, Chronica per extensum descripta, ed. Pastorello (Bologna, 1938), pp.270-72; Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare, op. cit. p.214.
76 R. Rohricht, ‘Die Belagerung von Akka (1189-91)’, in Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte 16 (1876), pp.493-514.
77 Ehrenkreuz, Saladin, p.214.
78 Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad, The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin, trans. D.S. Richards - hereinafter Baha al-Din - (Aldershot, 2001), pp.110-111; Itinerarium, p.325; Rohricht, ‘Belagerung’, loc. cit. pp.497-98; D.R. Hill & A.Y. al-Hassan, Islamic Technology. An Illustrated History (Cambridge, 1986), pp.109-12.
79 Lyons & Jackson, Saladin, op. cit. p.313.
80 Ambroise, p.81; Baldwin, Government of Philip Augustus, op. cit. pp.8-9.
81 Baha al-Din, pp.130-31; Ambroise, p.85.
82 E. Warhops, The Flemish Nobility before 1300, trans. J.B. Ross & H. Vandermoere (Hortrijk, 1975), pp.325-26; J. Falmagne, Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut 1150-1195 (Montreal, 1966), pp.119-22; H. van Werwercke, ‘La constitution de la Flandre et du Hainaut à la troisième croisade’, Le Moyen Age 78 (1972), pp.55-90 (at pp.58, 67-68, 85); P. Riant, Expéditions et pèlerinages des Scandinaves en Terre Sainte au temps des croisades (Paris, 1865), pp.275-86.
83 Lyons & Jackson, pp.315-17.
84 Baha al-Din, pp.129-33.
85 Baha al-Din, p.127; Ambroise, pp.84-85; Rohricht, ‘Belagerung’, loc., cit. p.503.
86 Baha al-Din, p.127; Lyons & Jackson, p.317.
87 Ambroise, p.88; Lyons & Jackson, pp.317-21.
88 Lyons & Jackson, pp.317-18.
89 Howden, Chronica, iii. p.21 (also Appendix to Preface pp.cv-cxxvi, esp. cxi-cxii).
90 Ambroise, pp.88-92.
91 Baha al-Din passim; Ambroise, pp.74, 76, 81; Rohricht, ‘Belagerung’, loc. cit. p.520; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp.156-58.
92 Haymar’s Expugnatio in Howden, Chronica, ibid., pp.cxxv-cxxvi; Lyons & Jackson, pp.322-23.
93 Lyons & Jackson, p.325.
94 Baha al-Din, pp.147-48; Ambroise, p.94; F. Gabrieli, Arab Historians of the Crusades (1969), p.212; Lyons & Jackson, p.326; T.A. Archer, The Crusade of Richard I, 1189-92 (1888), p.55.
CHAPTER 8
1 Howden, Gesta, ii. p.168.
2 Sicard of Cremona in G. Scalia, ed., Salimbene de Adam Cronica (Bari, 1966), p.22; Ambroise, p.63; J.R. Partington, A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder (Cambridge, 1960), p.18.
3 Baha al-Din, p.151.
4 Itinerarium, pp.206-09; Ambroise, p.64.
5 Rigord, Oeuvres, i. pp.108-09; Archer, Crusade of Richard I, op. cit. p.55; Bradbury, Philip Augustus, p.90.
6 Howden, Gesta, ii. p.169; R. Rohricht, Geschichte des Königsreich Jerusalem 1100-1291 (Innsbruck, 1898), pp.547-49.
7 Gabrieli, Arab Historians, op. cit. p.213; Pryor, Geography, Technology and War, pp.43-54.
8 Ambroise, pp.65-66.
9 Ibid., pp.95-96.
10 Rohricht, Geschichte, op. cit. pp.551-52; Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare, pp.226-28; Lyons & Jackson, Saladin, p.327.
11 Ambroise, p.95; for the chronic illness, see William of Newburgh, i. p.306.
12 Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp.205-06; Lyons & Jackson, pp.327-28.
13 Itinerarium, p.225; Baha al-Din, pp.153-56.
14 Ambroise, p.100; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.172-74; Howden, Chronica, iii. pp.117-20.
15 Lyons & Jackson, p.329; Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare, pp.228-29.
16 Baha al-Din, p.160; Gabrieli, p.220; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.174-76.
17 Baha al-Din, pp.161-62; Gabrieli, p.222.
18 Baha al-Din, p.161; Ambroise, p.104.
19 Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.178-79.
20 Imad al-Din, op. cit. pp.317-18; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.22; cf. also Pryor, Geography, Technology and War, pp.125-30.
21 Baha al-Din, p.161; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.173-74.
22 Howden, Chronica, iii. p.72; Prawer, Histoire du royaume latin, op. cit. ii. p.46.
23 Ambroise, pp.95-96; Rigord, Oeuvres, i. p.106; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.170, 176; Howden, Chronica, iii. p.113.
24 Ambroise, pp.100-01; Howden, Chronica, iii. pp.116-18.
25 Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare, pp.232-35.
26 Imad al-Din, Conquête, op. cit. pp.304-05; lbn al-Athir, el-Kamil in Recueil des historiens: historiens orientaux, ii. Pt. 1 (Paris, 1887), p.51.
27 Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.171, 179-82; Howden, Chronica, iii. p.123; Cheney & Semple, Selected Letters, pp.6-7.
28 Coggleshall, p.31; Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, in Nelson, ed., Richard Coeur de Lion, op. cit. p.8.
29 Itinerarium, p.236; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.181-83.
30 Itinerarium, p.235; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.183-84.
31 Itinerarium, p.239; Howden, Gesta, ii. p.184.
32 William of Newburgh, i. pp.350, 354; Itinerarium, p.200.
33 Ambroise p.105; Richard of Devizes, p.78; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.23; Andreas of Marchiennes, Historia regum Francorum, MGH, Scriptores xxvi. p.212; Howden, Gesta ii. pp.183-85.
34 Rigord, Oeuvres, i. pp.108-10, 115-17, 193; Richard of Devizes, p.80; Ambroise, p.152; A. Maalouf, The Crusades through Arab Eyes (1984), p.213.
35 Andreas of Marchiennes, Sigeberti Continuatio Aquicincta, MGH, Scriptores pp.427-28; A. Chroust, ed. Historia de Expeditione Friderici de Ansbert, MGH, Scriptores (1929), p.100; G. Duby, France in the Middle Ages 987-1460, trans. J. Vale (Oxford, 1991), p.212; Baldwin, Government of Philip Augustus, op. cit. p.22; C. Petit-Dutaillis, Feudal Monarchy in France and England from the Tenth to the Thirteenth Centuries (1936), p.181.
36 Itinerarium, p.239; Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.192-98, 203-06, 227-30; Bradbury, Philip Augustus, p.96.
37 Chroust, ed. Historia de Expeditione, op. cit. p.98.
38 Rigord, Oeuvres, i. p.118; Richard of Devizes, pp.146-47; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.514; ii. p.88; Coggleshall, p.59; A. Hofmeister, ed., Chronica of Otto of St Blasien, MGH SRG (1912), p.54; A. Cartellieri, Philip II August, König von Frankreich, 4 vols (Leipzig, 1922), ii. pp.240-44.
39 Chroust, ed., Historia de Expeditione p.98; Hofmeister, Chronica of Otto, op. cit. pp.53-54; H. Bloch, ed., Annales Marbacenses, MGH SRG (1907), p.165.
40 Richard of Devizes, p.46; Gillingham, Richard I, pp.224-26.
41 Richard of Devizes, p.80; Rigord, Oeuvres, i. pp.120-21; Itinerarium, p.238.
42 Ambroise, p.152.
43 Howden, Gesta, ii. p.209.
44 Chroust, ed., Historia de Expeditione, p.100; Hofmeister, Chronica of Otto, p.56; Howden, Gesta, ii. p.228; Howden, Chronica, iii. p.67; Csendes, Heinrich VI, op. cit. p.104.
45 Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.186-87.
46 Itinerarium, p.241.
47 Ambroise, p.107.
48 Itinerarium, pp.242-43.
49 Howden, Gesta ii. pp.186-89.
50 Itinerarium, p.246; Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp.223-24.
51 Rigord, Oeuvres, i. pp.117-18; ii. pp.218-24; S.D. White, �
��The Politics of Anger’, in B.H. Rosenwein, Anger’s Past (Ithaca, 1998), pp.127-52.
52 Imad al-Din, Conquête, op. cit. pp.328-30.
53 Howden, Gesta, ii. pp.189-90; Howden, Chronica, ii. p.131.
54 Baha al-Din, pp.164-65.
55 R. Grousset, Histoire des croisades (Paris, 1936), iii. pp.61-62.
56 Ambroise, p.108; Gabrieli, pp.108-09.
57 Baha al-Din, p.165; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.23.
58 Coggleshall, pp.33-34.
59 Lyons & Jackson, p.333.
60 C. Marshall, Warfare in the Latin East 1192-1291, (Cambridge, 1992), p.210.
61 D. Hill, Islamic Science and Engineering (Edinburgh, 1993), p.120; Kennedy, Crusader Castles, op. cit. p.109; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades. Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh, 1999), p.525.
62 Andrew Ehrenkreuz, ‘The Place of Saladin in the naval history of the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages’, Journal of Arabic and Oriental Studies 75 (1955), pp.100-16.
63 David Miller, Richard the Lionheart (2003), pp.80-82.
64 J.R. Sweeney, ‘Hungary and the Crusades, 1169-1218’, The International History Review 3 (1981), pp.467-81; H. van Werwercke, ‘La contribution de la Flandre et de Hainaut à la troisième croisade’, Le Moyen Age 78 (1972), pp.55-90.
65 Y. Lev, War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7th-15th Centuries (Leiden, 1997), pp.115-22; V.J. Parry & M.E. Yapp, War, Technology and Society in the Middle East (1975), pp.100-101; R.C. Smail, Crusading Warfare, op. cit. p.83.
66 J. Richard, ‘Les Turcopoles au service des royaumes de Jérusalem et de Chypre: Musulmans convertis ou Chrétiens orientaux?’, Revue des études islamiques 54 (1986), pp.259-70; Parry & Yapp, War, Technology and Society, op. cit. p.116.
67 G.T. Scanlon, trans. The Muslim Manual of War of al-Ansari (Cairo, 1961), p.29; John Keegan, A History of Warfare (1993), p.294; Hillenbrand, The Crusades. Islamic Perspectives, op. cit. pp.513-19.
68 Ambroise, p.110.
69 J.F. Verbruggen, The Art of Warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages (Woodbridge, 1997), pp.232-39; J. France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade (Cambridge, 1994), pp.147-49; R.C. Smail, Crusading Warfare, op. cit. pp.75-83, 112-15.
70 David Miller, Richard the Lionheart, op. cit. pp.166-76, 180-81.
71 Ambroise, p.110.
72 Itinerarium, pp.248-52.
73 Baha al-Din, p.166; Ibn al-Athir, el-Kamil, op. cit. p.249.
74 Ambroise, pp.96, 102, 108; Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, loc. cit. pp.9-10.
75 Baha al-Din, p.170.
76 Ambroise, p.113.
77 Itinerarium, p.256.
78 Ambroise, p.114.
79 Ibid.
80 Baha al-Din, p.171, Nicholson, Chronicle, op. cit. p.242.
81 Itinerarium, pp.257-58.
82 Ambroise, p.115.
83 Baha al-Din, pp.172-73.
84 Miller, Richard the Lionheart, p.91.
85 Ambroise, p.116.
86 Baha al-Din, p.174; Itinerarium, p.265.
87 Ambroise, p.119; Itinerarium, p.265.
88 Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights of St John in Jerusalem and Cyprus c.1050-1310 (1967), pp.107-08, 112-13, 118-19; van Werwercke, ‘La contribution de la Flandre’, loc. cit. p.86.
89 Ibn al-Athir, el-Kamil, p.49; Itinerarium, p.269.
90 Ambroise, p.120.
91 Baha al-Din, pp.175-76.
92 Ambroise, pp.121-22; Itinerarium, p.272.
93 Ambroise, pp.123-25.
94 Lyons & Jackson, pp.338-39; R.C. Smail, Crusading Warfare, p.165.
95 Itinerarium, pp.261, 277.
96 J. France, Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades 1000-1300 (1999), p.142.
CHAPTER 9
1 Imad al-Din, Conquête de la Syrie, op. cit. pp.345-46.
2 Itinerarium, p.283.
3 Ambroise, pp.126-27; Ibn al-Athir, el-Kamil, op. cit. pp.51-52.
4 Lyons & Jackson, pp.340-41, 343.
5 Ambroise, pp.128-29; Itinerarium, p.286.
6 Ambroise, pp.128-29; Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.347; Itinerarium, p.286.
7 Howden, Chronica, iii. pp.130-33; Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, op. cit. pp.179-81.
8 C. Imperiale di Sant’Angelo, Codice diplomatico della Repubblica di Genova, 3 vols (Genoa, 1942), iii. pp.19-21, M.L. Favreau-Lilie, Die Italiener im Heiligen Land (Amsterdam, 1989), pp.288-93.
9 Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, loc. cit. p.9; Gillingham, Richard I, pp.182-83.
10 Baha al-Din, p.184.
11 Ibid., pp.185-86.
12 Gabrieli, Arab Historians, op. cit. pp.225-26.
13 Baha al-Din, pp.187-88.
14 Imad al-Din, Conquête, pp.349-51; Gabrieli, op. cit. pp.226-28.
15 Baha al-Din, pp.192-93; Imad al-Din, Conquête, pp.352-53; Itinerarium, p.292.
16 Ambroise, p.131.
17 Ibid.
18 Baha al-Din, pp.185-88, 193-96.
19 Lyons & Jackson, p.341.
20 Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.354; Ambroise, p.132; Gabrieli, op. cit. pp.229-30; Itinerarium, pp.297-98.
21 Gabrieli, pp.230-31.
22 Gillingham, Richard I, pp.188-89.
23 Imad al-Din, Conquête, pp.354-55; Ambroise, p.135.
24 Itinerarium, pp.298-303.
25 Ambroise, p.136; Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.356; Itinerarium, p.307.
26 Ibn al-Athir, el Kamil, pp.55-56; Itinerarium, p.308.
27 Ambroise, pp.136-37.
28 Itinerarium, pp.310-12.
29 Imad al-Din, Conquête, pp.356, 367-68, 371.
30 Ibid., pp.373-75; Ambroise, pp.141, 143; D. Pringle, ‘Richard I and the Walls of Ascalon’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 116 (1984), pp.133-47.
31 Itinerarium, pp.319-20; Ambroise, pp.106, 139, 141.
32 Itinerarium, pp.321-23; Ambroise, pp.142-43; Favreau-Lilie, Die Italiener in Heiligen Land, op. cit. pp.294-95.
33 Ambroise, pp.143-45.
34 Baha al-Din, p.186.
35 Lyons & Jackson, p.347.
36 Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.378; Itinerarium, pp.324-33.
37 Ambroise, pp.146-48.
38 Sicard of Cremona, Salimbene de Adam Cronica, op. cit. p.25.
39 Baha al-Din, pp.195-96, 199-200.
40 Ambroise, p.154; Edbury, Conquest, pp.112-13; Edbury, ‘The Templars in Cyprus’, in M. Barber, ed., The Military Orders: Fighting for Faith and Caring for the Sick (Aldershot, 1994), pp.189-91.
41 Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.25; Rigord, Oeuvres, i. p.118; Howden, Chronica, iii. p.181.
42 Ambroise, pp.149-50; Itinerarium, p.338.
43 Lyons & Jackson, p.348.
44 Baha al-Din, pp.200-1.
45 B. Lewis, The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam (N.Y., 1967), pp.110-18
46 Ibid., passim, but esp. pp.4-5.
47 Lyons & Jackson, pp.87-88, 105-06.
48 Ambroise, p.151.
49 Baha al-Din, pp.200-1; Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.376; Ibn al-Athir, el-Kamil, p.58.
50 Gabrieli, pp.239-41; Kessler, Richard I Löwenherz, p.230.
51 Ambroise, p.152; Kessler, op. cit. p.214.
52 P.A. Williams, ‘The Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat: Another Suspect?’, Traditio 6 (1970), pp.381-88.
53 Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.127-28; William of Newburgh, i. pp.363-65, ii. p.457; Rigord, Oeuvres, i. pp.120-21; Edbury, Conquest, pp.114-15; M.R. Morgan, ed., La Continuation, op. cit. p.141.
54 Ambroise, p.152.
55 Itinerarium, p.347; Edbury, Conquest, pp.115-16; Favreau-Lilie, Die Italiener, pp.304-10; Mohring, Saladin, op. cit. p.187.
56 Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.104; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.25; Ambroise, pp.153-54; Edbury, Conquest, pp.115-16.
57 Gillingham, Richard I, pp.201-03.
58 Itinerarium, pp.345-47.
59 Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.378.
60 Baha al-Din, p.203; Ambroise, pp.155-58; Howden, Chronica, iii. p.180; Itinerarium, pp.352-56.
61 Imad al-Din, Conqu
ête, p.379; Lyons & Jackson, p.349.
62 Ambroise, p.159; Itinerarium, pp.358-59.
63 Ambroise, pp.160-62; Itinerarium, pp.360-65.
64 Ambroise, pp.159, 162.
65 Imad al-Din, Conquête, pp.379-80.
66 Ambroise, pp.164-65; Itinerarium, p.370.
67 M.R.B. Shaw, ed. & trans., Chronicles of the Crusades (1963) - translation of Jean de Joinville, Histoire de Saint Louis - pp.304-05.
68 Itinerarium, p.373. For the personalities present see M. Parisse, Noblesse et chevalerie en Lorraine médiévale: les familles nobles du XIe au XIIIe siècle (Nancy, 1982), pp.400-01; H. d’Arbois de Jubainville, Histoire des ducs et comtes de Champagne (Paris, 1860), iv. p.48; A. Longnon, ed., Documents relatifs au comté de Champagne en Brie 1172-1361 (Paris, 1901), p.29; L. Longnon, Les compagnons de Villehardouin: Recherches sur les croisés de la quatrième croisade (Geneva, 1978), pp.42-45.
69 Ambroise, pp.166-67; Baha al-Din, p.203.
70 Ambroise, pp.167-68.
71 Ibid., p.168; Itinerarium, p.379.
72 Ambroise, p.169.
73 Ibid.; Lyons & Jackson, p.350.
74 Itinerarium, pp.380-83.
75 Ambroise, p.170.
76 Lyons & Jackson, p.351.
77 Itinerarium, pp.384-89; Ambroise, pp.171-72.
78 Baha al-Din, pp.206-08.
79 Ibid., pp.208-09.
80 Ibid., p.210; Lyons & Jackson, p.353.
81 Ambroise, p.173.
82 Itinerarium, pp.392-93; Ambroise, pp.173-74.
83 L. de Mas-Latrie, ed., Chronique d’Ernoul (Paris, 1871), pp.278-79; Coggleshall, pp.52, 91; Howden, Chronica, iii. pp.175, 183; Shaw, Chronicles of the Crusades, op. cit. p.304.
84 Baha al-Din, p.213.
85 Itinerarium, pp.397-98.
86 Baha al-Din, pp.214-16; Ambroise, p.175.
87 Itinerarium, p.399.
88 Imad al-Din, Conquête, p.384.
89 Ambroise, p.176; Itinerarium, p.401.
90 Baha al-Din, pp.217-20; Itinerarium, pp.402-03.
91 Itinerarium, p.405.
92 Ambroise, p.178.
93 Baha al-Din, pp.221-23.
94 Ambroise, pp.179-80; Itinerarium, p.408.
95 Baha al-Din, pp.216-20; Ambroise, p.181; Itinerarium, pp.412-13.
96 Itinerarium, pp.413-15.
97 Coggleshall, pp.49-50.
98 Ambroise, pp.182-83; Itinerarium, pp.416-24.
99 Baha al-Din, pp.225-26; Ambroise, p.184.
100 Miller, Richard the Lionheart, op. cit. p.146.
Richard & John: Kings at War Page 70