The Once and Future Queen
Page 22
Tolhurst, Fiona. “What Ever Happened to Eleanor? Reflections of Eleanor of Aquitaine in Wace’s Roman de Brut and Lawman’s Brut.” In Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady, edited by Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons, 319-336. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Umland, Rebecca. “The Snake in the Woodpile: Tennyson’s Vivien as Victorian Prostitute.” In Culture and the King: The Social Implications of the Arthurian Legend, edited by James P Carley, Valerie M Lagorio, and Martin B Shichtman, 274-287. Albany: New York State University of New York Press, 1994.
Vallas, Estelle. “Feminist Icon or Ruthless Warrior? Guinevere in Bernard Cornwell’s The Warlord Chronicles.” In Theorising the Popular, edited by Michael Brennen, 136-149. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.
Walters, Lori. “Introduction.” In Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook, edited by Lori Walters, xiii-lxv. New York: Routledge, January 4, 2002.
Welch, Ashley. “Life Expectancy for White Women Falls Slightly in U.S.” CBS News. April 20, 2016. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/life-expectancy-for-white-women-falls-slightly-in-u-s/.
Whalen, Logan. A Companion to Marie de France. Boston: Brill, 2011.
Whitaker, Muriel. “Unifying Makers: Lancelot and Guinevere in Modern Literature and Art.” In Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook, edited by Lori Walters, 159-180. New York: Routledge, January 4, 2002.
Wikipedia. “Guinevere.” Accessed January 23, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere.
Woodbury, Sarah. “Guinevere (in Welsh Gwenhwyfar).” Romance and Fantasy in Medieval Wales. March 27, 2012. http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/guinevere-in-welsh-gwenhwyfar/.
––– “Life Expectancy in the Middle Ages.” Romance and Fantasy in Medieval Wales. March 11, 2014. http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/life-expectancy-in-the-middle-ages/.
Wyatt, Siobhan. Women of Words in Le Morte Darthur: The Autonomy of Speech in Malory’s Female Characters. London: Springer International Publishing, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Benson, Larry D., ed. and Edward E. Foster, rev. King Arthur’s Death: The Middle English Stanzaic Morte Arthur and Alliterative Morte Arthure. Medieval Institute Publications Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1994. http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/benson-and-foster-king-arthurs-death-alliterative-morte-arthur-part-iii.
Bradley, Marion Zimmer. The Mists of Avalon. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2001.
Bradshaw, Gillian. In Winter’s Shadow. 1981. Naperville: Sourcebooks Landmark, 2011.
Caradoc of Llancarfan. The Life of Gildas. Celtic Literature Collective. http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/gildas06.html.
Collins, Lavinia. A Champion’s Duty. London: The Book Folks, 2014.
––– Guinevere: A Medieval Romance. London: The Book Folks, 2014.
––– The Day of Destiny. London: The Book Folks, 2014.
––– The Warrior Queen. London: The Book Folks, 2014.
De France, Marie. Marie de France: Poetry. International Student Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.
De Troyes, Chrétien. Lancelot, or The Knight of the Cart. Herklion Press, 2013.
Evelina, Nicole. Camelot’s Queen. Maryland Heights, MO: Lawson Gartner Publishing, 2016.
––– Daughter of Destiny. Maryland Heights, MO: Lawson Gartner Publishing, 2016.
––– Mistress of Legend. Maryland Heights, MO: Lawson Gartner Publishing, forthcoming.
Godwin, Park. Beloved Exile. Reprint edition. New York: Avon Books, 1994.
Krishna, Valerie. The Alliterative Morte Arthure: A New Verse Translation. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983.
Lacy, Norris, J. The Lancelot-Grail Reader: Selections from the Medieval French Arthurian Cycle. New York: Garland Pub., 2000.
Layamon. Roman de Brut. Auckland: The Floating Press, 2013.
McKenzie, Nancy. Queen of Camelot. New York: Random House, 1994, 1995.
Malory, Thomas. “Le Morte d’Arthur.” In The King Arthur Collection. Rochester: Maplewood Books, 2014.
Malory, Thomas. The Morte Darthur, Parts Seven and Eight. Edited by Derek Brewer. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1987, 1968.
Miles, Rosalind. Guenevere, Queen of the Summer Country. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998.
––– The Child of the Holy Grail. New York: Crown, 2001.
––– The Knight of the Sacred Lake. New York: Crown, 2000.
Monmouth, Geoffrey. The History of the Kings of Britain. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, January 1, 2008.
Morris, William. The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1908.
Nennius, Bill Gunn and Mark the Hermit, ed. The Historia Brittonum. London: John and Arthur Arch, 1819.
Newman, Sharan. Guinevere. New York: Tor, 1981, 1996.
––– Guinevere Evermore New York: Tor, 1981, 1996.
––– The Chessboard Queen. New York: Tor, 1985.
Stewart, Mary. The Merlin Trilogy. New York: Eos, 2004.
Stone, Brian, trans. “Alliterative Morte Arthure” In King Arthur’s Death. London: Penguin Books, 1988, 7-168.
Tennyson, Alfred Lord. “Guinevere” Idylls of a King. Public domain book, 2012. https://www.amazon.com/Idylls-King-Baron-Alfred-Tennyson-ebook/dp/B0082Z5JBA.
Wace. Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut, translated by Eugene Mason. Auckland: The Floating Press, 2013.
White, T. H., The Once and Future King. London: HarperCollins, 1994.
Woolley, Persia. Child of the Northern Spring. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2010.
––– Guinevere: The Legend in Autumn. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2011.
––– Queen of the Summer Stars. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2011.
INDEX
A
A Champion’s Duty, 10, 208
adultery, 7, 13-15, 20-21, 24, 33, 37, 46-47, 50-50, 57, 59, 61, 62n134, 64, 68-70, 72-75, 77-78, 85-87, 97-102, 106, 111, 120-121, 131, 147, 163, 168-169, 182, 188, 197, 209, 218, 223
Agravain, 87, 95-96, 100, 225
Aggrivane. See Agravain
Ahern, Stephen, 114-116, 122-123
Alliterative Morte Arthure, 8, 12, 90-94, 106
Amazon, 11, 207, 210n536, 211
Amesbury, 98, 100-112
Amhar. See Amr
Amr, 19, 33
Anir, See Amr
Arthur, King, 11-12, 14-15, 21, 25, 31, 33, 38-41, 46-47, 50, 53, 59, 61-62, 68, 70, 74, 76, 83-88, 94, 99-100, 107, 108, 112, 114-118, 120-121, 134-135, 138-139, 146-149, 154, 156-158, 162-163, 168-169, 179, 182-183, 186-187, 196-198, 204, 208-211, 220
Avalon, 22, 49, 158, 160, 197-198, 217, 222-223, 227-228
B
Badon, 14
Beal, Rebecca S., 92-94
Bedivere, 13, 21, 148, 166, 168-169
Bedwyr. See Bedivere
Beloved Exile, 19, 161-166, 216
Benson, C. David, 91, 97-98, 102-103
Bertholai, 84
Bethlehem, Ulrike, 17
Bible, 8, 44, 78, 99
Boece, Hector, 24,
Bonner, Katherine Alice, 27, 41-42, 49-50, 52, 55, 61-63, 68, 72-73, 76, 101, 104, 112-113, 118, 120-122, 126, 128-129, 131, 139, 140, 144-145, 154, 157, 159, 173, 178, 180-182, 192, 202
Book of Guinevere, The, 6, 24, 29, 47, 65, 77
Bors, 96, 141
Boy and the Mantle, The, 78
Bradley, Marion Zimmer, 9, 27-28, 151-160, 177, 188-189, 199, 200, 202, 212, 217, 222-224
Bradshaw, Gillian, 10, 23, 166-171, 176
Breton (language), 5, 12
Breton (from Brittany), See Brittany
Brewer, Elizabeth, 119, 129, 136, 138-140, 142-143, 168, 174, 210, 218, 226, 231
Britain, 18, 30, 36-38, 48-49, 51, 94, 119, 145-146, 152, 154, 162, 164, 167, 179-180, 193, 198, 206, 209, 213, 224n563, 225, 228, See also England
Brittany, 47n84, 77, 207, 212
Bromwich, Rachel, 11-12, 16, 35-38, 38-39
Bruce, Christopher W., 84, 111
Bumke, Joachim, 69n159, 74
Burns, Jane E., 84-86
C
Cador, 15, 180
Caerleon, 52-53, 93, 157
Cai. See Kay
Camelot, 2, 7, 13, 14, 17, 21, 23-24, 26, 48, 51, 62, 69, 88, 97, 100, 105, 111-112, 114, 117, 134, 146, 158, 163, 169-171, 173, 176-178, 182-184, 195, 198-199, 208-209, 220
Camelot (movie), 1, 137
Camelot (musical), 22, 95
Camelot’s Queen, 207n529, 218, 226
Camille, 86
Camlann, Battle of, 14-15, 19, 24, 38, 171, 184, 189, 229, 231
Cannon, Cynthia T., 213
Capellanus, Andreas, 68-70
Caradoc of Llancarven, 46
Catholic Church, 2, 42-44, 155, 158, 166, 188, 198, 220, See also Catholic religion; Christianity
Catholic religion, 8, 108, See also Catholic Church; Christianity
Celtic law, 23, 31-32, 38-39, 43, 48, 188, 224n562
Celtic myth, 7, 13-14, 33-34, 36, 40, 47
Celtic women, 32-33, 36, 38, 146, 188, 195
Chamberlain, David, 78
Champion’s Duty, A, 208
chastity, 44, 52, 53, 76, 78, 86, 88, 99, 100, 106, 117, 119, 212
Chessboard Queen, The, 178, 180, 182-183
Child Queen, The, 191-194
Child of the Northern Spring, 185-190
chivalry, 60, 101-102, 116, 211, 226
Chrétien de Troyes. See de Troyes, Chrétien
Christianity, 42, 54, 94, 104, 152, 153, 155, 158-159, 165, 179, 188, 196, 198, 200, 220, 224, See also Catholic Church; Catholic religion
Cistercian, monks 7, 17, 82, 89, 143
Clarent, 90, 94
Claris et Laris, 21
Cleodalis, 83
Collins, Lavinia, 205, 207-215, 225, 232
Comer, Stephanie, 4-5, 44, 66-67, 71, 74-75, 101, 105, 111, 112-114, 117-119, 122-124
convent, 22-23, 44-45, 52-53, 59-60, 63, 82, 93,100, 104, 105, 110-112, 118, 141, 155, 159, 164-170, 184, 189, 191n495, 218, 220, 228
as refuge for women, 22, 100,
as source of female power, 23, 44-45, 169, 170
Guinevere in, 22-23, 52-53, 59-60, 63, 93, 100, 105, 110-112, 119, 141, 159, 164-70, 184, 189, 191n495, 218, 220, 228
Cooley, Sara, 3, 146, 149, 153-154, 173, 175-177, 182, 186-189, 205, 212, 223, 226
courtly love, 7, 20, 46, 55-56, 59, 67-76, 80, 116, 128, 166
“Culhwch and Olwen,” 31, 33
Cywyrd Gwent, 16, 35
D
Davidson, Roberta, 147, 203, 234
Day, David, 56, 97-98
Day of Destiny, 208, 212-213
Daughter of Destiny, 207n529, 216-230
De Excidio Britanniae, 14
de Champagne, Marie, 45, 66, 68, 71, 73-75,
de France, Marie, 7, 20, 21, 57, 76-80, 81
de Troyes, Chrétien, 7, 20-21, 27, 64-81, 87, 91-92, 100-101, 106, 113, 126, 131
Defence of Guenevere, 8, 27, 125-131
devil/demon, 89, 110, 203
Dialogue of Melwas and Gwenhwyfar, The, 30-31
Diu Crone, 18-19
Du Cor, 78
Duggan, Joseph J., 37
E
Eden, Garden of, 26
Edwards, Elizabeth, 105-106
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 45, 55-57
Elaine, 10, 86-87, 99, 102, 111, 113, 117, 141, 143, 146, 182, 191-193, 217, 222
Ellis, Kimberly, 117, 121
Ellis, Peter, 32-33, 48n88,
England, 51, 55, 57, 99, 108, 135n342, 152, 231n574, See also Britain
Epstein, Barbara, 201
Erec and Enid, 65
Etain, 36
Evans, Michael R. 57
Evelina, Nicole 11, 216-230
Eve, 2, 8, 16, 17, 21, 26, 42, 43, 51, 88, 94, 97
evil 2-3, 7, 60-63, 66n148, 77, 88, 95, 106, 123, 129, 200, 216
F
Faerie Queen, The, 107
Fairy of the Lake, The, 18
Fairy Queen, 79
fallen woman, 8, 110n262, 112, 123-124
Falsani, Teresa Boyle, 124, 129-130, 164-165
female authors, 3, 10, 133, 145-146, 149, 154, 191, 195, 198-199, 202, 225, 232
female characters, 9, 17, 28-29, 85, 88, 92, 114, 130, 138, 143, 145, 147-148, 152, 154, 165, 172-173, 177, 94-195, 199-200, 202-204, 210, 218, 225, 233
feminism, 1-3, 9-10,17, 28, 49, 79, 144, 148-151, 153-154, 159-160, 171-174, 177, 187, 189-190, 193-194, 199-202, 205-206, 208, 212, 232
feminist Arthuriana, 79, 144, 149, 154, 159-160, 171, 177, 187, 190, 194-195, 199-202, 204, 208, 212, 216,230, 232, 234
Fourth Wave, 206n524, 206n527
Second Wave, 3, 10, 17, 19, 25, 28, 133, 138, 144, 153, 169, 171-172, 175-176, 183, 185, 187, 189-190, 202-203
suffrage and, 119-120
Third Wave, 3, 6, 10, 17, 25, 29, 152, 154, 185, 189, 193, 199-204
unpopularity of, 199-201, 205-206
Firelord, 19, 161-163
Flower Bride, 7, 33-34, 36, 40, 47
France, 56, 100, 208
French Arthurian Legend, 5, 7, 19, 21, 24, 58, 64-81, 84, 88, 91, 101
Fries, Maureen, 26-27, 34, 53, 73, 76, 92-93, 104, 133
Fulton, Helen, 37
G
Galahad, 20, 181-182
Gallagher, Michael, 206
Garden of Eden, 26
Garlin of Gore, King, 18
Gawain, 21, 87, 95, 101,
Gaynore, 12, See also Guinevere
Geek Girl in Love (blogger), 214-215
gender, 28, 80, 85, 115, 122, 145-146, 148, 152, 158, 160, 175, 199, 206, 209n533, 232
Genesis, 26, 43
“Gereint and Enid,” 33
German, 5, 12, 18-19
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 7, 11, 15, 18, 27, 37, 41-42, 46, 48-56, 58-59, 61-63, 89, 91, 104, 106-107, 221, 233
Ginevra, 12, See also Guinevere
Ginnel, Laurence, 48
Ginover, 12, See also Guinevere
Givevara, 12, See also Guinevere
Glastonbury, 25, 46, 101
God, 44, 97, 100n235, 155, 156, 157, 158
goddess worship, 17, 152-153, 158, 179, 195, 198-200, 224
goddesses, 16-17, 36, 152, 181, 195, 199
Godwin, Park, 10, 19, 161-166, 171, 184, 217
Gogrvan/Gogfran/Ocvran the Giant, 16, 18, 35
Goldsmith, Barbara, 120n295
Goodreads, 11, 210-215
Gordon-Wise, Barbara, 5, 16-17, 22-23, 26, 28, 35, 38, 49, 51, 62, 75, 78, 83-85, 89, 112, 117, 120, 122, 147, 148, 155, 158, 160, 163-168, 171, 174, 179, 184, 220, 222-223
Gossedge, Rob, 108, 128
Great Campaigns, The, 137
Green Man, The, 137
Grove, Elma, 213
Guanhumara, 11, 65, See also Guinevere
Guenever, 12, See also Guinevere
Guenevere: Queen of the Summer Country, 194-195
Guenevere, 27, 77, 82, 92-93, 95, 125-130, 138, 163, 174, 194-195, 210, 226, See also Guinevere
Guenhumara 11, 147, See also Guinevere
Guiamor, 21, See also Guinevere
Guinevere
agency of, 10, 26, 73, 149, 161, 166, 172, 193, 201, 210, 228, 232
appearance of, 7, 15, 50, 58, 63, 76, 86, 115, 137, 139, 166, 186, 203, 229, 233
as child, 3, 176-179, 180, 182, 192, 216, 220-224, 229
as downfall of Camelot, 22-24, 51, 88, 100, 112, 158, 169, 177, 220
as healer, 25, 184, 228
as minor character, 2, 6, 26, 41, 49, 53, 63, 65, 92, 106
-107, 118, 136
as model of courtly love, 67-76, 116, 128
as mother to her people, 4, 29, 183, 186, 197
as object of affection, 67-68, 88, 139
as pagan, 10, 165, 186, 198, 222-225
as possession, 31
as role model, 4, 20, 44, 65, 103, 106, 130, 160, 172, 219, 223, 298-230, 231
as strong woman, 11, 29, 72, 76, 126, 147, 167, 172, 192-193, 195, 200-203, 211, 215, 217, 219-221, 223-224, 233
as symbol of:
Eve, 2, 8, 16, 17, 21, 26, 42, 43, 51, 88, 94, 97
Goddess, 16-17, 36, 116, 152, 181
Grief, 92-94
ideal woman, 45, 65-67, 71, 76, 103, 123, 136
Lancelot’s fatal flaw, 88, 97, 100, 121
Mary Magdalene, 8, 16, 17, 51, 104, 123
morality for Arthur’s court, 8, 79, 105, 120
sovereignty, 17, 36, 47
as warrior, 169, 195, 208-209, 212, 215, 225
barren, 2, 19, 51, 56, 61, 116, 142, 156, 173-174, 181, 187, 189, 196, 218
children of, 19-20, 92, 182, 189, 196, 198
dependent on men, 76, 139, 146, 149, 151-160, 193, 221
death of, 15, 24-25, 62
duty to correct men/knights, 67, 71, 105, 115-116
equality with Arthur, 10, 29, 72, 161-163, 174, 186-187, 195, 196, 209, 224-225, 233
family of, 17-19, 83, 92, 155-156, 167, 195, 197, 208, 220-221, 224
fear of Arthur and/or Mordred, 53, 59, 62, 87, 93, 111
grief of, 52, 57, 92-94, 106, 219
guilt of, 7, 20, 51, 57, 59-60, 84, 87-89, 91, 106, 112-113, 117, 155, 157, 170, 196-197, 233
historical authenticity, 14-15, 41, 136, 154
inconsistent characterization of, 8, 40, 65-66, 74, 80, 101, 103, 104, 105, 115, 197, 208, 213
in convent, 22-23, 52-53, 59-60, 63, 93, 100, 105, 106, 110-112, 118, 141, 159, 164-70, 184, 189, 191n 495, 218, 220, 228