Renoir
Page 42
29
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 91; Parker, ‘Topographical Chronology’, p. 269.
30
Manthey, ‘Chronology’, p. 276.
31
Hector and Paris, collection of Edmond Renoir Jr, see Paris, Musée d’Orsay, Documentation; Venus and Cupid, Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 584; Homer with Shepherds, 54.6 × 21.5 cm (21½ × 8½ in.), ibid., pl. 655; Bacchanale, 21.5 × 29.2 cm (8½ × 11½ in.), Paris, Musée d’Orsay, Documentation.
32
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 226, 246.
33
Edmond Renoir, ‘Cinquième Exposition de “La Vie Moderne”’, p. 335.
34
Le Coeur, Edmond Renoir, Pierre Auguste Renoir, p. 22 n. 5.
35
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 324
36
Parker, ‘Topographical Chronology’, p. 269.
37
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 88. When he was admitted to the École des Beaux-Arts, Renoir gave his home address as 29 place Dauphine, 1st arrondissement, home of his friend Laporte; Parker, ‘Topographical Chronology’, p. 269.
38
We know the reactions of his professors only through Renoir’s own words; Moncade, ‘Le Peintre Renoir et le Salon d’Automne’, repr. in Renoir, Écrits, entretiens et lettres, pp. 9–10, trans. in White, Impressionism in Perspective, pp. 23, 24.
39
Parker, ‘Topographical Chronology’, p. 269.
40
Renoir, recorded in the diary of Jacques-Félix Schnerb, aged 30, on 27 June 1909, cited in Renoir, Écrits et propos sur l’art, p. 237.
41
Renoir to [Paul] Durand-Ruel, n.l. [Algiers], n.d. [March 1882], in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 1, p. 11 (while Caroline Durand-Ruel Godfroy, the editor, dates this letter March 1881, its content makes March 1882 more likely).
42
Salon of 1863, rejected; 1864 and 1865, accepted. In 1866, one work was accepted and one rejected, but Renoir withdrew the accepted work before the show. 1867, rejected; 1868, 1869 and 1870, accepted; 1872, rejected; 1873, rejected, so he exhibited at the 1873 Salon des Refusés. Renoir also exhibited at the Salons of 1878, 1879, 1881 and 1890.
43
Moncade, ‘Le Peintre Renoir’, p. 9.
44
Gurley, ‘Renoir a beaucoup puisé chez Manet’, pp. 132–9.
45
White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, p. 32.
46
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 283; Émile Zola, L’Événement illustré, 24 May 1868, in Venturi, Archives de l’impressionnisme, vol. 2, p. 276.
47
White, Renoir: His Life, Art, and Letters, pp. 26–8.
48
Édouard Manet to Albert Wolff, 19 March [1877], in Wilson-Bareau, Manet by Himself, p. 181; French edn, Manet par lui-même, p. 181.
49
Renoir to Manet, Capri, 28 December 1881, in White, ‘Renoir’s Trip to Italy’, p. 348.
50
Unpublished, Manet to Renoir, 30 December 1881, private collection.
51
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 5.
52
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 526, 451, respectively.
53
Ibid., pls 525, 524, respectively. The portrait was in Sisley’s studio at his death and was inherited by his daughter. William Sisley was a merchant who traded in luxury goods.
54
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 267, fig. 104; compared to the painting, p. 93.
55
Renoir quoted in Julie Manet, Growing Up with the Impressionists, entry of 11 October 1897, p. 113; French edn, Journal, p. 134.
56
Renoir to Bazille, Porte Maillot, 3 July 1865, in Renoir, Écrits, entretiens et lettres, p. 112.
57
Bazille to his parents, n.l., n.d., in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, p. 101.
58
Note from Bazille’s father in François-Bernard Michel, Bazille, 1841–1870: Réflexions sur la peinture (Paris, 1992), cited in Kropmanns, ‘Renoir’s Friendships’, p. 249 n. 19.
59
Unpublished, Renoir to Bazille, n.l., n.d., private collection.
60
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 283.
61
Bazille to his parents, n.l. [Paris], spring 1867, in Marandel and Daulte, Frédéric Bazille and Early Impressionism, p. 175 n. 63.
62
Bazille to his parents, n.l. [Paris], n.d. [February 1867], in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, p. 114.
63
Renoir cited in Pach, ‘Pierre-Auguste Renoir’, p. 614.
64
‘Claude Monet parle de Renoir’, Bulletin de la vie artistique (1 January 1920), p. 87.
65
Girard, Renoir et Albert André, une amitié, p. 53.
66
On Monet and Renoir see White, Impressionists Side by Side, pp. 56–105.
67
Claude Monet to Camille Pissarro, Argenteuil, 12 September 1873, in Wildenstein, Claude Monet: biographie et catalogue raisonné, vol. 1, p. 429.
68
Monet to Bazille, Saint-Michel, 9 August 1869, in ibid., p. 426.
69
Renoir to Bazille, Louveciennes, n.d. [September 1869], in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, p. 155.
70
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 113–16.
71
Monet to Bazille, n.l. [Saint-Michel], 25 September 1869, in Wildenstein, Monet: biographie, vol. 1, p. 427.
72
For Monet’s and Renoir’s side-by-side paintings, as well as Renoir’s portraits of the Monets, see White, Impressionists Side by Side, pp. 60–105.
73
Charles Le Coeur, p. 26.
74
Ibid., pp. 196–7.
75
Jules Le Coeur to his mother, n.l., 24 August 1863, in ibid., p. 217 n. 7.
76
Auguste Rousselin (1841–1916); ibid., p. 225.
77
Ibid., p. 206.
78
Marie Le Coeur Fouqué to Fernand Fouqué, n.l., 22 March 1865, in ibid., p. 31 n. 6.
79
Parker, ‘Topographical Chronology’, p. 270.
80
Marie Le Coeur to unknown person, n.l., 29 March 1866, in Cahiers d’aujourd’hui (January 1921), n.p.
81
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 21, 22, 49, 284, 311.
82
Fernand Fouqué to Félicie Le Coeur, n.l., 1 April 1866, in Charles Le Coeur, p. 26.
83
Jules Le Coeur to his mother, n.l., n.d., in Cooper, ‘Renoir, Lise and the Le Coeur Family’, p. 164.
84
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 78.
85
Cooper, ‘Renoir, Lise and the Le Coeur Family’, p. 172, pl. 20.
86
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 560, 346, 532, 491, 492 561, 514, respectively. For the portrait of Charles’s wife and the bust of Charles see Daulte, Auguste Renoir: catalogue raisonné, pls 63, 100.
87
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 675, 676.
88
Patry, ‘Renoir’s Early Career’, p. 75, pl. 24.
89
Parker, ‘Topographical Chronology’, p. 273.
90
Ibid., p. 270.
91
Marie Fouqué to unknown person, n.l., 19 March 1866, in Cahiers d’aujourd’hui (January 1921), n.p.
92
See the photograph of Jules Le Coeur, 1865, in Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 270, fig. 107.
93
See Renoir’s Jules Le Coeur and his Dogs walking in Fontainebleau Forest, 1866, in Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 78.
94
Since Jules Le Coeur wrote Mathieu Tréhot a letter on 8 December 1864, he could have met the Tréhot sisters in 1864.
95
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 395, 673.
96
Ibid., pls
396, 413, 286. Around two years later, their eleven-year-old brother, Louis-Félix Tréhot, modelled for Boy with Cat, 1868–9; ibid., pl. 559.
97
Ibid., pls 578, 283, 410, 293, 596, 576, respectively. Lise with an Umbrella and The Bohemian were accepted to the Salon the year after their creation. All the other paintings were submitted to the Salon of the year they were created.
98
Ibid., pl. 256.
99
Renoir to Bazille, n.l., n.d. [September or October 1869], in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, p. 156.
100
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 104.
101
Ibid., p. 17.
102
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 257.
103
Renoir to Bazille, n.l., c. October 1869, in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, p. 155.
104
Daulte, Frédéric Bazille, pls 46, 44, 45, 50, 55, respectively.
105
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 593.
106
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 92. Marie Lescouezec was also a florist.
107
Monet married Camille in 1870; Sisley did not marry Marie until 1897. Other artist friends did similarly: Cézanne recognized Paul Cézanne Jr in 1872 and married Hortense Fiquet in 1886; Pissarro recognized Lucien Pissarro in 1863 and married Julie Vellay in 1870. In contrast, Berthe Morisot married Eugène Manet in 1874 and had their daughter Julie four years later.
108
Le Coeur, ‘Le Peintre, son premier modèle et ses premiers amateurs’, p. 204.
109
Renoir to Bazille, Ville-d’Avray, late August 1868, in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, pp. 153–4.
110
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 103.
111
Gélineau, ‘Jeanne, fille d’Auguste Renoir’, pp. 223–7.
112
Le Coeur, Renoir au temps de la bohème, pp. 81–2.
113
Le Coeur, ‘Le Peintre, son premier modèle’, p. 204; she also gave a false residence, Fontainebleau.
114
Le Coeur, Renoir au temps de la bohème, p. 83, for Clémence’s acknowledgment on 4 December 1878. Françoise died at her mother’s home in 1894.
115
Le Coeur, ‘Le Peintre, son premier modèle’, p. 205.
116
Lise Tréhot’s grandchildren remember calling their aunt Clémence ‘Tante Le Coeur’, in ibid., p. 223 n. 147.
117
Le Coeur, Renoir au temps de la bohème, p. 82.
118
See the excellent Fuchs, Abandoned Children.
119
Le Coeur, Renoir au temps de la bohème, p. 83.
120
Bazille to Maître, n.l. [Méric], 2 August 1870, in Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 18.
121
Le Coeur, Renoir au temps de la bohème, pp. 83, 82, respectively.
122
Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 19.
123
Ibid., p. 21.
124
Fuchs, Abandoned Children, p. 196.
125
Renoir to Jeanne, Bourbonne-les-Bains, n.d. August 1908 [repro. in Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, pp. 52–3].
126
Alain Renoir, personal communication with the author; he also said that Jean Slade, the son of Renoir’s model, Gabrielle, was never told about Jeanne.
127
Camille Pissarro to his son Lucien, Eragny, 23 February 1887, in Correspondance de Camille Pissarro, vol. 2, p. 131.
128
The Blanchet grocery was on the corner of rue Ramey and rue Custine and situated next to rue Caulaincourt and rue Girardon where, coincidentally, Renoir would move twenty years later.
129
Marie-Désirée Gautier, Mme Blanchet, was probably related to Augustine and François’s friends, Alphonse Gautier and Louise Gautier, who became Jeanne’s friends.
130
Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 27 n. 9.
131
Fuchs, Abandoned Children, p. 241. The state also paid to educate all children through those years.
132
Unpublished, Jeanne Tréhot Robinet to Ambroise Vollard, Madré, 1 May 1917, Paris, Bibliothèque des Musées Nationaux du Fonds Vollard, Ms. 421 on microfilm.
133
Gélineau, Jeanne Tréhot, la fille cachée, p. 23.
134
Ibid., pp. 22, 23, 24. In Ste-Marguerite-de-Carrouges, a religious community of nuns worked together to educate young girls.
135
Ibid., 13 June 1885, 24 November 1885, 2 February 1893, p. 24.
136
Ibid., p. 26.
137
For his portrait of his sister, 1866, see Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 426, later acquired by Vollard.
138
See ibid., pl. 531. Two years before the painter’s death, Pierre Renoir sold Vollard this portrait of his grandfather for 12,000 francs; Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 271, pl. 6.
139
For the portrait of Pierre-Henri see Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 533. Two years before the painter’s death, Pierre Renoir also sold Vollard this portrait of his uncle. See also Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 106; for Blanche’s portrait see p. 272, fig. 115. Thirteen years before Renoir’s death, Durand-Ruel acquired this portrait of Mme Pierre-Henri Renoir. See Bailey, ‘Renoir’s Portrait of his Sister-in-Law’, pp. 684–7.
140
Unpublished military record book, 26 August 1870, 1 October–21 December 1862, 5 January–5 March 1864, 10e Régiment de Chasseurs, Libourne, private collection.
141
Envelope postmarked 28 October 1870, cited in Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 274 n. 1.
142
Maître and Renoir to Bazille, [Paris], n.d. [summer 1870], in Poulain, Bazille et ses amis, p. 184.
143
Maitre to his father, n.l., February 1871, in Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 275 n. 20.
144
Bazille’s father cited in Kropmanns, ‘Renoir’s Friendships’, pp. 248–9 n. 19; French in Michel, Bazille, p. 302.
145
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 270.
146
Monneret, L’Impressionnisme et son époque, vol. 1, p. 163; vol. 2, p. 20.
147
Ibid., vol. 1, p. 119.
148
Renoir to Charles Le Coeur, Vic-en-Bigorre, 1 March 1871, in Cooper, ‘Renoir, Lise and the Le Coeur Family’, p. 327.
149
French forces numbered 909,951 men (492,585 active soldiers and 417,366 in the reserves). See Wawro, The Franco-Prussian War; Howard, The Franco-Prussian War.
150
Then, from 1873 to 1881, Renoir’s annual rent at 35 rue Saint-Georges in the 9th arr. was 900 francs; Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 48 n. 134. See also Archives de Paris, Appartement Archives.
151
Maître to his father, Paris, June 1871, in Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 275 n. 17.
152
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 534, 326, 452, 362, respectively, the last also Bailey, Renoir Portraits, p. 276, fig. 123.
153
Bailey, Renoir’s Portraits, p. 275 n. 15.
154
Rapha holds the same fan that Renoir would soon put into a still life that included Manet’s print, The Cavaliers; see ibid., p. 276, fig. 124.
155
Renoir to Paul Durand-Ruel, Nice, 23 March 1912, in Correspondance de Renoir et Durand-Ruel, vol. 2, p. 99.
156
Dauberville, vol. 1, pl. 413.
157
Ibid., pl. 396.
158
Le Coeur, ‘Le Peintre, son premier modèle’, p. 214.
159
Ibid., p. 222 nn. 138, 141.
160
Ibid., p. 223, nn. 154, 155.
161
Daubervil
le, vol. 1, pls 346, 514.
162
Marie Le Coeur cited in Le Coeur, ‘Le Peintre, son premier modèle’, p. 215.
163
Ernest Guérin to his cousin Louise Le Coeur, n.l., 19 January 1875, in Charles Le Coeur, p. 32 n. 21.
164
Ibid., pl. 211.
165
Edmond Renoir, article in La Vie moderne 11 (19 June 1879), repr. in Venturi, Archives de l’impressionnisme, vol. 2, pp. 336–7.
166
Dauberville, vol. 1, pls 262, 209, 211, 213, 214, respectively.
167
Jean Renoir, Renoir, My Father, p. 334. Gabrielle, who was a neighbour of Jean Renoir during the time he wrote the book, said that she and other female models posed as the young male shepherd Paris in the Judgment of Paris, 1913, Dauberville, vol. 5, pl. 4278; see pp. 247, 287.