Turn the Beat Around: The Secret History of Disco

by Peter Shapiro

  Chicago soul sound

  Chicago Transit Authority

  Chicks on Speed

  Chicory Tip

  Children of God

  Chin, Brian

  China Crisis

  Chocolat

  Chuck Wagon & the Wheels

  Circus, Martin

  Citi

  civil rights movement

  C.J. & Co.

  Clark, Ossie

  Clash

  Class Action

  classical music

  Cleaver, Eldridge

  Cliff, Jimmy

  Clinton, George

  “clone” look

  Cloud One

  Clout

  Clowns

  clubs: basement; for blacks; chill-out; gay; postwar night; see also discotheques; specific city or club

  Cluster

  Coasters

  Coati Mundi. See Hernandez, Andy

  Cochran, Eddie

  Cockettes

  Coconuts

  Coffey, Dennis

  Cohen, Shirley

  Cohn, Nik

  Cohn, Roy

  Collins, Phil

  Collins, Sharon

  Collodi, Carlo

  Coltrane, John

  Comfort, Alex

  Comiskey Park riot (Chicago)

  Conjunto Libre

  Connors, Norman

  Conti, Bill

  Continental Baths (New York City)

  Contortions

  Convertion

  Conway, TG

  Cooke, Sam

  Cooper, Alice

  Copeland, Johnny

  Coquelin, Olivier

  Corley, Al

  Cornelius, Don

  Corr, Frank

  Corral, Michael “Lucky Strike”

  Cortez, Dave “Baby”

  Cose, Ellis

  Cosmic (Italy)

  Cosmic music

  Costa, Jenny

  Costandinos, Alec R.

  Costello, Elvis

  country music

  County, Wayne/Jayne

  Cowley, Patrick

  Craig, Carl

  Creative Source

  Creatore, Luigi

  Creole, Kid

  Crisco Disco (New York City)

  Criss, Gary

  Cristina

  Crocker, Frankie

  Crosby, Stills & Nash

  Cross, Christopher “Criss”

  crossover

  Crusaders

  Cult Jam

  Cummings, Tony

  Curry, Tim

  Curtis, Clem

  Curtis, Ian

  Curtis, King

  Curtis, Tiger

  Cut Glass

  Cymande

  Czukay, Holger

  da Costa, Paulinho

  Dahan, Pierre Alain

  Dahl, Steve

  D’Alessio, Carmen

  Dalida

  Dami, Maurizio

  dance: crazes; and prehistory of disco; see also type of dance

  Danceteria (New York City)

  Daniels, Charlie

  D’Aquisto, Steve

  Darby & Tarlton

  Darnell, August

  Dash, Sarah

  Davis, Betty

  Davis, Clifton

  Davis, Clive

  Davis, Miles

  Day, Bob

  Daye, Cory

  DC LaRue

  Dean, Hazell

  Deans, Mickey

  Dee, Joey

  Dees, Rick

  Deleuze, Gilles

  Delfonics

  Denny, Martin

  Denver, John

  DePaul, Nilo

  Depeche Mode

  Descloux, Lizzy Mercier

  Detroit Emeralds

  Detroit, Michigan

  Devizia, Tony

  Dibango, Manu

  Diddley, Bo

  Diebold, David

  Diga Rhythm Band

  Dimanda Galás

  Dinger, Klaus

  Dinosaur

  disco: abandonment of original constituency and values by; anonymity of; and antidisco campaign; and automating the beat; birth of; canon of; characteristics of; commercialization of; as dance craze; dark side of; and decadence; decline of; democratic nature of; and disco as craze; and disco-soul; and discontent; in early twenty-first century; as emblematic of America’s dwindling power; as emblematic of new kind of political resistance; emergence of; feminizing influence of; first disco record as #1 hit; first records of; foundation of sound of; height of; as liberalism’s last hurrah; mundanity of; as musical genre; and New York City in 1960s and early 1970s; nostalgia about; as part of establishment; as people’s entire social lives; pleasure principle of; prehistory of; profitability of; as “quality music”; as representing ideal of integration; as retreat back into body; sanitization of; and sexuality; spread of; subgenres of; superstar billing in; as theater; ultimate aim of; as underground; and visions of the world

  Disco Demolition Derby (Comiskey Park)

  Disco Sally

  “disco sucks” movement

  Disco Tex & His Sex-O-Lettes

  Disco Wiz

  discotheques: admission to; and business networking; characteristics of typical New York DJ in; and disco craze; and disco-soul; egalitarianism in; exclusivity and inclusivity at; expansion in number of; images of; as means for selling records; mix at; in 1970s; popularity of; in postwar Europe; profitability of; rise of; social mix at; as success; see also clubs; specific club, city, or nation

  Distel, Sacha

  Divine

  DJ Harvey

  DJ Thomas (aka the Mammal)

  DJs: in Britain; characteristics of typical New York; club; combination of live performance and; and disco in early twenty-first century; and hip-hop; Mancuso organizes New York; in Miami; and mixing; new breed of; punk; and race; radio; and reel-to-reel tapes; and Swing Kids; women as; see also mix; specific person

  DNA

  Dodd, Alan

  Doggett, Bill

  Dominatrix (aka Stuart Argabright)

  Don Armando’s 2nd Ave. Rumba Band

  Donghia, Angelo

  Donovan, Terry

  doo-wop

  Doobie Brothers

  Doors

  Dorritie, Kathy

  Dorsey, Lee

  Dorsey, Thomas

  Double Exposure

  Douglas, Carl

  Douglas, Carol

  Downes, Geoff

  Downing, Al

  Downing, Don

  Dozier, Lamont

  Dr. Buzzard’s Original Savannah Band

  Drach, Ted

  Drifters

  drugs; and decline of disco; and disco craze; and disco-soul; and gay disco clubs; and Italo-disco; in New York City

  drum machine

  D.ST

  “D” Train

  Duarte, Tito. See Barrabas

  Duncan, Eric

  Duran Duran

  Dylan, Bob

  Dynamic Superiors

  Dynell, Johnny

  Dyson, Ronnie

  Eagle, Roger

  East Coast disco

  East Coast funk

  Eastbound Expressway

  Eastman, Julius

  Ebonys

  economy

  Ecstasy

  Eddy, Nelson

  Eden, Paul

  Edge, The

  Edwards, Bernard. See also Chic

  Edwards, Dennis

  Edwards, Gordon

  Edwards, Greg

  Edwin Hawkins Singers

  El Coco

  Electric Indian

  electroboogie

  electronic music

  Elephant’s Memory

  Eli, Bobby

  Ellington, Duke

  Ellis, Jay

  Ellis, Jimmy. See also Trammps

  Ellison, Lorraine

  Emerson

  Eno, Brian

  Epstein, Joseph

  Equals

  Erectus, Dennis

  Eric B
& Rakim

  ESG

  Ethics

  Eurodisco

  Europe: and comparison between American and European social dancing; disco in early twenty-first century in; discotheques in 1970s in; gay aesthetic in; and Italo-disco; postwar nightlife in; see also Europop; specific nation

  Europop

  Evans, Arthur

  Evans, Brenda Joyce

  Exciters

  Executive Suite

  Expanded Cinema

  Experiment Four

  Exploding Plastic Inevitable (Warhol)

  Exuma

  Fabian

  Fagenson, Donald

  Faith, Gene

  Faith, Hope & Charity

  Faithfull, Marianne

  Fall

  Fältskog, Agnetha

  Fantastic Aleems

  Fantastics

  Farian, Frank

  Farren, Mick

  Fearing, Jonathan

  Fearless Four

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

  Fela Kuti

  Felder, Wilton

  Ferlinghetti, Lawrence

  Fesco, Michael

  Fierman, Michael

  Fillyau, Clayton

  films

  Finch, Richard

  Finkelstein, Cary

  Finlay, Don

  Fiorucci (disco boutique). See also Halston, Gucci, Fiorucci

  Fire Island, New York

  Firefall

  Firehouse (New York City)

  First Choice

  Five Crowns

  Flack, Roberta

  Flakes

  Flamingo (New York City)

  Flamingos

  Fleming, Jonathan

  Flirts

  Florida, clubs in

  Flowers, Wayne

  Fluxus movement

  Fontella Bass

  Foreigner

  Forsey, Keith

  Foundations

  Fountain, James

  Four Seasons

  Four Tops

  Fouratt, Jim

  Foxx, Kinky

  Foxy

  France

  Frankie Goes to Hollywood

  Franklin, Aretha

  Freak (dance)

  free jazz

  Freeman, Joshua

  Freeman, Roger

  freestyle

  Freez

  Frehley, Ace

  French Kiss

  Full Force

  Funhouse (New York City)

  funk; and African Americans; and automating the beat; and decline of disco; and disco craze; and disco in early twenty-first century; and disco-soul; and Eurodisco; and gospel; Minneapolis; Palmer as father of; and punk; and subgenres of disco

  Funkadelic

  Fuqua, Harvey

  Furious Five

  Gadd, Steve

  Gainsbourg, Serge

  Gale, Eric

  Gallery (New York City)

  Galvez, Armando

  Gamble, Kenny

  Gang of Four

  Garland, Judy

  gay clubs

  Gay Men’s Health Crisis

  gay pride/liberation movement

  Gaye, Marvin

  Gayle, Crystal

  Gaynor, Gloria

  Gaynor, Janet

  gays: aesthetic of, in Europe; African Americans as; and antidisco movement; and automating the beat; and characteristics of disco; and decline of disco; and disco; and disco craze; and disco in early twenty-first century; and disco-soul; on Fire Island; legitimacy of sex among; and The Loft; New York laws about; and prehistory of disco; and race; and soul in United Kingdom; in United Kingdom; see also bathhouses; gay clubs; specific person or club

  Gaytones

  Gaz

  Gazebo

  Gedda, Laurence J.

  Gefter, Philip

  Geist, Morgan

  Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band

  George, Nelson

  Germany, Swing Kids in

  Gibb, Barry

  Gibb, Maurice

  Gibb, Robin

  Gibbons, Walter

  Gibson Brothers

  Gibson, Walter

  Gichy Dan’s Beachwood #9

  Gidden, Yvonne

  Gilmore, Mikal

  Ginsberg, Allen

  Gladys Knight & the Pips

  Glass, Philip

  Glaxo Babies

  Glover, Sue

  Go-Go’s

  Goblin

  Godin, David

  Goldman, Albert

  Gomez, Nico

  Gonella, Nat

  Gonzalez, Jerry

  Gooding, Cuba

  Gordon, Peter

  Gordy, Berry

  Gorney, Karen Lynn

  gospel; and automating the beat; and disco-soul

  Göttsching, Manuel

  Graham, Larry

  Grand Wizard Theodore

  Grandmaster Caz

  Grandmaster Flash

  Grandmaster Flash & Melle Mel’s

  Grant, Eddy

  Grasso, Francis

  Grateful Dead

  Gray

  Green, Al

  Green, Jerome

  Greenberg, Jerry

  Griffey, Dick

  Griffith, Roni

  Gross, Michael

  Gruen, John

  Guattari, Felix

  Gucci. See Halston, Gucci, Fiorucci

  Guthrie, Woodie

  Gutman, Herbert

  Guttadaro, Bobby “Bobby DJ”

  Guttenberg, Steve

  Gypsy Lane

  Haazen, Guido

  Haden-Guest, Anthony

  Haggard, Merle

  Haircut

  Halen, Van

  Hall, Daryl

  Hall, Denise

  Hallyday, Johnny

  Halston

  Halston, Gucci, Fiorucci

  Hamill, Pete

  Hamlyn, Chris

  Hancock, Herbie

  Hannett, Martin

  “happenings”

  Haraway, Donna

  “Hard Hat Riots” (1970)

  Hardy, Françoise

  Hardy, Ron

  Harlem Hamfats

  Harlow, Jean

  Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes

  Harpo, Slim

  Harris, Alan

  Harris, Charles “Valentino”

  Harris, Dennis

  Harris, Ennis. See Trammps

  Harris, Joe

  Harris, Major

  Harris, Norman

  Harris, Richard

  Harrison, George

  Harry, Debbie

  Hart, John. See also Trammps

  Hart, Mickey

  Hartley, Scott

  Hartman, Dan

  Harvard Business School, study of soul and Columbia Records by

  Harvey, Steven

  Hathaway, Donny

  Havens, Richie

  Hawkshaw, Alan

  Hayes, Isaac

  Haynes, Michael

  Haza, Ofra

  He-Man Band

  “head music”

  Heard, Larry

  Heart and Soul Orchestra

  Heath, Jimmy

  Heatwave

  Helgesen, Sally

  Hell’s Angels

  Henderson, Willie

  Hendrix, Jimi

  Hendryx, Nona

  Henry, Ann

  Herbie Goins & the Nightimers

  Hernandez, Andy “Coati Mundi”

  Hernandez, Patrick

  Herrmann, Bernard

  Hi-NRG

  Highsmith, Patricia

  Hill, Chris

  hip-hop

  Hipnosis

  hippies

  Hippies With Haircuts

  Hockney, David

  Hocquenghem, Guy

  Hodo, David

  Holland, Brian

  Holland, Eddie

  Holland, Tom

  Holleran, Andrew

  Holloway, Brenda

  Holloway, Loleatta

  Holman, Eddier />
  Holman, Michael

  Holmes, Marvin

  Holmstrom, John

  homosexuality. See gays

  Honeydrippers

  Hooker, John Lee

  Horn, Trevor

  Horne, Jimmy “Bo”

  Horne, Lena

  Hot Butter

  Hot Shots

  Hotline

  House label

  House Nation (New York City)

  Houston, Cissy

  Houston, Thelma

  Hudon, Frank

  Hudson, Al

  Hues Corporation

  Huff, Leon

  Hughes, Glenn

  Hughes, Howard

  Hughes, Walter

  Hugo & Luigi

  Humphrey, Bobbi

  Humphries, Tony

  Hunt, Wendy

  Hunter, Alberta

  Hurrah (New York City)

  Hurtt, Phil

  hustle (dance)

  Hustle Kings

  Hutch, Willie

  Hutter, Ralf

  Hyams, Marjorie

  Ice Palace (Fire Island, New York)

  Idjut Boys

  Iggy & the Stooges

  Impressions

  Imus, Don

  Incredible Bongo Band

  Indeep

  Indian Ocean

  Infinity (New York City)

  Ingram, Barbara

  Ingram, Jimmy

  Ingram, John

  Inner Life

  Instant Funk

  Intruders

  Iron Butterfly

  Irvine, Weldon

  Isherwood, Christopher

  Isley Brothers

  Italian Americans, role in dance music culture of

  Italo-disco

  Italy, clubs in

  Jack, Wolfman

  Jacks, Cheryl

  Jackson

  Jackson, “Big Bank Hank”

  Jackson, Dee D

  Jackson, Jermaine

  Jackson, Michael

  Jackson, Tony

  Jacno

  Jacobs, Debbie

  Jacobson, Mark

  Jacobson, Sam

  Jagger, Bianca

  Jagger, Mick

  Jam & Lewis

  Jamerson, James

  James, Bob

  James Chance & the Contortions

  James, Rick

  James, Sylvester. See Sylvester

  James, Tommy

  James White & the Blacks

  Jarre, Jean-Michel

  Jarrett, Keith

  Jaxon, Frankie “Half Pint”

  Jaymes, Jesse

  jazz; and disco craze; and disco-soul

  JB’s

  Jeremy, Ron

  Jesrani, Darshan

  Jessup, Jim

  Jesters

  jet set

  J. Geils Band

  Jiani, Carol

  Jimmy James & the Vagabonds

  Joey Dee & the Starliters

  John, Elton

  Johnny Johnson & the Bandwagon

  Johnson, Donald

  Johnson, L. J.

  Johnson, Lyndon B.

  Johnson, Syl

  Johnstone, James

  Jonas, Joan

  Jones, Aled

  Jones, Bob

  Jones, Casey

  Jones, E. Rodney

  Jones Girls

  Jones, Grace

  Jones, LeRoi

  Jones, Philly Joe

  Jones, Quincy

  Jones, Randy

  Jones, Raymond

  Jones, Tamiko

  Jones, Tom

  Jones, Uriel

  Joneses, The

  jook