by Carey Gillam
March Against Myths about Modification group, 130–31
Martens, Mark, 185–86
Martin, Henry, 23
Martin, Matthew, 93, 104
Maximum residue limit (MRL), 59–60
McCall, Anthony “Jack,” 8–9, 21–22, 249–51
McCall, Paul, 22, 250–51
McCall, Teri, 7–9, 11, 249–50
McNeill, Michael, 210–11
Melchett, Peter, 173–74
Methomyl, 137
Microbe Inotech Laboratories, 56
Milkweed, 204
Miller, Philip, 97, 122
Miscarriages, 137, 154
Missouri Department of Agriculture, 198–99 “Mommy bloggers,” 128
Moms Across America, 63, 109
Monarch butterflies, 203–6
Monsanto
agricultural division, 26–27
antitrust probes, 48
closeted collaborations/covert connections: with Chassy, 120–24; with Folta, 124–29, 131, 145; with Goodman, 118–20; with Juma, 115; panel of scientists formed to rebut IARC conclusions, 98–99; with Rowland, 101–4, 177, 215, 227; Sachs and, 114–15; with Shaw, 201–2
EPA as ally, 96–97, 225–26
EPA’s criminal investigation of, 228
founding of, by John F. Queeny, 26
fraud suspected in dioxin studies by, 36–37
ghostwriting of research manuscripts, 88
glyphosate safety claims, 18, 27, 87–89, 108–9
glyphosate studies, unpublished, generated or commissioned by, 35–36
glyphosate-tolerant crops and increased use of glyphosate, 2, 86, 195–96
grant money awarded by, 207
Harrington on behavior of, 20–21
on impact of glyphosate applications on soil, 208
influence on regulators and lawmakers, 12–13, 31, 45–46, 60–61, 96–97, 215–16, 225–28
internal e-mails and documents, 12, 101–2, 184
kidney tissue slides reexamination by outside pathologists, 32–33
lawsuit against California environmental regulators, 99–100
lawsuits against, 9, 11–12, 15–16, 47–48, 163–64, 226–27
monarch butterflies and, 206
objections to releasing unpublished studies on glyphosate, 181–82
opposition to Scientific Advisory Panel on glyphosate, 104–5
phosphorus mining by, 27
profits from Roundup and GMO Roundup Ready crops, 46–47
promotion of pre-harvest weed control application for oats, 73
publicly available research contradicting, 90
requests to, for reassessment of glyphosate’s impacts, 20
response to EPA’s decision to test for glyphosate residues, 76
response to health concerns in Argentina, 160
Roundup patent expiration and GMO introductions, 3–4, 40, 46
Roundup Ready Xtend system, 198
Roundup safety claims, 15–17
scientists targeted by: Blair, 93, 100; Carrasco, 81, 160–63; Hemming, 56–57; Infante, 105–7, 231; Kremer, 207–10; Séralini, 116–18, 120, 122, 172–73
social media use, 128
stealth marketing techniques, 129–30
studies and reports provided to EPA, 39–40
testing of microbial strains, 239
toxicology expert for, 185–86
violation of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 167
Mother Jones magazine, 37
Mothers of Ituzaingó, 156
Müller, Paul Hermann, 19–20
Multiple myeloma, 91
National Cancer Institute, 85–86
National Environmental Policy Act, 50
National Glyphosate Stewardship Forum (NGSF), 195–96
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), 229
Nelson, Mark, 43–44, 53
Neonicotinoids, 204
Neurotoxicity, pesticide exposures and, 70–71, 136–37
New York Times, 127
Nixon, Richard, 29
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 8–11, 13–15, 85–86, 93, 187
North Dakota wheat farmers, 51–52, 58
Novozymes, 239
Obama, Barack, 205, 218–19, 222
Office of Inspector General (OIG), 216
Office of Management and Budget, White House (OMB), 219–20
Oncogens, classification of, 32, 34–35
Orange production decline, 211–12
Organic agriculture and products, 242–43
Organic food consumption, 71
Ovarian cancer, 91
Palmer amaranth, 190, 193–94
Paraguay, 168
Paraquat, 137, 149, 197, 235–36
Parkinson’s disease, 137, 149
Parry, James, 184–85
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 113
Perron, Monique, 107–8
Peru, 166
Pesticide Action Network International (PAN), 84
Pesticides
DDT persistence, 19–20
drift damage from, 198–99
EPA’s lack of oversight for mixtures of, 38–39, 69–71
global market for, 236
glyphosate excluded from annual testing programs for, 5, 53
growing concern by consumers, 71–72
health risks of exposure to, 5, 70–71, 85–86, 238
regulation of, 29–30, 48, 149–51
residues in farmers’ homes, 91
risk-versus-reward ratio in use of, 235–36, 248
in soil and drinking water, 154
techniques to reduce need for, 243
testing programs, 40, 71
tolerance levels, differing, 60
unsound safety data for, 37
USDA and FDA testing for, 64–68
use on Hawaiian Islands, 136–37
U.S. government’s promotion of, 164–68
Peterson, Dallas, 193
Phillipson, Mark, 144–45
“Poison in Our Food Supply, The” (Vrain), 131
Poison Spring (Vallianatos), 228
Political appointees heading government agencies, 218
Pollinators, 203–4
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 18–19
Polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), 12, 27, 87, 116, 183
Portier, Christopher, 95–96
Portier, Kenneth, 108
Powles, Stephen B., 28
Precautionary principle, 170, 247–48
Pruitt, Scott, 232–33
Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER), 222–24
Quaker Oats Company, lawsuit against, 72
Queeny, John F., 26
Ramsey, Craig, 213
Ransom, Joel, 58
Regulatory system reform, need for, 246
“Renewal Assessment Report” (RAR), 133
Restricted use pesticides (RUPs), 136–37, 140–41
Robin, Lauren, 76
Rodale Institute, 244
Roundup
dangers of, compared to glyphosate alone, 12
EPA registration standard issued, 30
genotoxicity concerns within Monsanto, 184–85
as herbicide of choice, 27–28
links to range of health problems in multiple countries, 80–81
Monsanto’s marketing of, 8–9
recommendations for use of, 13–15
roll out in 1970s, 26–27
safety claims, 9, 17
toxicity of, compared to glyphosate alone, 232
Roundup Ready crops
glyphosate and, 2, 10
hard red spring wheat, 51–52, 58
Monsanto’s development of, 28, 40–41
Monsanto’s expansion of, 47
research findings in roots of, 207–8
soybeans, 43–46
sugar beets, 50
Roundup Ready Xtend system, 198
Rowland, Jesudoss “Jess,” 101–4, 177, 215, 227
Rowlan
ds, Henry, 62
Ruch, Jeff, 222–23
Ruskin, Gary, 128
Russia, response to Séralini’s 2012 Endostudy, 117
Sachs, Eric, 114–15, 121–23
Sack, Chris, 75
Sanjour, William, 29–30
Sass, Jennifer, 178, 229
Scientific independence and integrity, future of, 5, 181–82, 208–9, 217–25, 234
Seidler, Ramon, 217–18
Séralini, Gilles-Eric, 116–18, 120, 122, 172–73
Shaw, David, 201–2
Sheppard, Christine, 13–15
Sheppard, Lianne, 108
Shurdut, Brad, 122
Simon, Michele, 132
Smidts, Jef, 51
Soil health, 154, 173–74, 207–13, 238, 243
Soteres, John, 201–2
Souza, Javier, 163
Special Help for Agricultural Research and Education (SHARE), 126–27
Spinal defects, 81
Sri Lanka, glyphosate studies, 82, 120 “Statement of Concern” (Myers et al.), 86–87
Stauffer Chemical Company, 24, 82
Stegner, Greg, 246
Stevens, John P., 49–50
Sue Bee Honey, glyphosate residues in, 74
Superweeds, 49, 154, 189–90, 192–97, 199–200
Surfacants, 79–80, 87
Swarthout, John, 123
Syngenta, 137, 139, 142, 144–46
Talen, Billy, 110
Tarabella, Marc, 174
Tarazona, Jose, 177
Taylor, Michael, 216
Tebbutt, Charlie, 232, 236
Texas Grain Storage/West Chemical & Fertilizer, 47–48
Tillage, deep, 192
Trade secrets, 31, 33, 35, 89, 180
Trump, Donald, 232–34
Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), 220–21
United Kingdom, 27–28, 80–81, 173–74
United States (U.S.) government
beneficiaries of programs, 246
challenges and constraints of scientists, 5, 181–82, 208–9, 217–25, 234
lack of data collected by, 148–49
political appointees as heads of agencies, 218
revolving door between regulators and industry, 216, 218
University of California, Berkeley, 149
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 49
biotech crops, oversight of, 48–51
glyphosate excluded from testing for pesticide residues in food, 5
glyphosate-tolerant crops green-lighted by, 216
Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Administration (GIPSA), 66
lawsuit against, for blocking publication of research on neonicotinoids, 224
mission of, 29
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 245
organic agriculture research grants, 243
PEER petition to protect scientists of, 223–24
Pesticide Data Program (PDP), 65
predictions for glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicide, 197–98
recommendations for, 246–47
testing for pesticide residues, 64–68
on theories that glyphosate damages the soil, 213
U.S. Department of Justice, 48, 215–16
U.S. Department of State, 164–68, 171–72
U.S. Department of the Interior, 204–5
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
acquiescence to CropLife’s demands, 231
actions to protect monarch butterflies, 206
biopesticides, approval system for, 240–41
biotech crops, oversight of, 48, 218
Cancer Assessment Review Committee (CARC), 100–104
chlorpyrifos, proposed ban on, 136–37, 231
creation of (1970), 28–29
criticism of analysis by, 61–62
dioxin issue, 228–29
Enlist Duo, approval sought by Dow for, 197–98
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and, 102–3, 225–26, 229
glyphosate: authority over, 215; basis for findings on, 104; flexibility in tolerance levels, 5, 39–40, 59–61; margin of safety for children eliminated, 61; petition demanding revocation of, 63; reregistration assessment, 98; risk assessment status, 110; safety concerns, reversed, 16; studies and classifications, 30–36
Hawaii Department of Agriculture reviewed by, 149–50
internal scientific review process, corruption of, 218–22
lawsuit against, for failure to protect people and the environment, 198–200
Monsanto’s influence on, 12–13, 96–97, 100–104, 215–16, 225–28
mouse oncogenicity study, 32, 34–35
Office of Research and Development (ORD), 101
pesticides: acceptable daily intake (ADI) for, 60; approval process, 38–39; conditional registrations for, 229; flawed scrutiny of, 229
Pruitt and, 232–33
recommendations for, 246–47
research by, 89–90
response to concerns over glyphosate-resistant weeds, 196–97
response to problem of glyphosate in honey, 75
Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP), 104–10
Toxicology Branch Ad Hoc Committee, 31–32
USDA culture transferred to, along with pesticide regulation, 29–30
use of secret e-mail accounts, 229–30
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 205
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
biotech crops, oversight by, 48
glyphosate excluded from testing for pesticide residues in food, 5, 67–68
glyphosate residue testing, 72–74, 76
glyphosate-tolerant crops green-lighted by, 216
testing for pesticide residues, 64–68
Total Diet Study (TDS), 66–67
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 58–59
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), 48, 67–68, 219–20, 246–47
U.S. Public Interest Research Group (USPIRG), 89
U.S. Right to Know, 125
Vacco, Dennis, 17
Verhoef, Mike, 213
Vicini, John, 120
Villianatos, Evaggelos, 227–28
Vrain, Thierry, 111, 131
Wallenstein, Matthew, 241–42
Walton, Larry, 202
Water hemp, 190
WebMD, 128–29
Weed scientists, consortium of, 195–96
Wheat, hard red spring, 58
Whistle blowers, 30, 222–25
White, Jeffrey S., 50
Wild, Christopher, 97
Wildflowers, 203–4
Wille, Margaret, 145–46
Williams, Marcia, 37
Wilson, Robin Laverne, 110
Winchester, Paul, 234
World Health Organization (WHO), 10–11, 28, 62–63, 82, 182
See also International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), WHO
World Trade Organization (WTO), 171–72
Wright, Paul L., 36–37
Xtend herbicide-tolerant soybeans and cottonseed, 201
Young, Bryan, 196–97, 200
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