by Carey Gillam
Gillam left Reuters in late 2015 to become research director for the nonprofit consumer group U.S. Right to Know, whose mission is to educate and inform consumers about the often-hidden practices and policies that shape the food system.
She resides in Overland Park, Kansas, with her husband and three children.
Index
Abraxis, LLC, 56
Academics Review (web site), 121–22, 124
Acceptable daily intake (ADI), 59–60
Achitoff, Paul, 148–51, 199–200
Achterberg, Franziska, 178
Adler, Peter, 151
Agent Orange, 26, 197, 228
Agricultural Health Study (AHS), 90–91, 94
Agriculture
biotech, 2, 44, 48
chemically based, 237
decline in family farms, 191
microbial solutions vs. synthetic chemicals, 239–42
organic, 242–43
sustainable, 243–45
Agrigenetics, 142
AGRO, 209
Agrochemical industry
campaigns against, 145–46
corporate interests vs. public safety, 2–3
failures in oversight of, 218
front organizations funded by, 132
on Hawaiian Islands, 135–39
influence and reach in suppression of scientific findings, 5, 181–82
influence over American academics, 128
power over regulators and lawmakers, 218, 231–32
safety testing by, 217–18
threats and vilification directed at activists, 145
use of social media and stealth marketing, 128–32
Agroecology, 243–44
Alliance for Natural Health, 55–56
Almonds, 52
American Academy of Pediatrics, 238
American Chemical Society, 209
American Council on Science and Health (ACSH), 131
Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), 58–59, 65
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), 21–22
Andriukaitis, Vytenis, 179
Anniston, Alabama, 19
Anresco Laboratories, 62
Antoniou, Michael, 77
Argentina
agrochemical use and disease parallels, 159–60
Doctors of Fumigated Towns, 157–59
farmers’ use of GMO seeds, 153–54
glyphosate ban, 162
health problems in soybean-growing areas, 154, 160
illness and death of children in Ituzaingó, 155–57
lawsuits against Monsanto, 163–64
Roundup studies, 81
U.S. government’s eagerness to promote and sustain use of glyphosate in, 164–65
Arias, Ileana, 143–44
Atrazine, 137, 145, 150
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 238
Ávila Vázquez, Medardo, 158
Ayrault, Jean-Marc, 117
Baden-Mayer, Alexis, 109
Baldi, Isabelle, 92–93
Barañao, Lino, 162–63
Battaglin, William, 59
Baur, Xaver, 180
Bayer AG, 18, 183–84
Bees, 74–75, 204–6
Begley, Tim, 67
Benbrook, Charles, 51, 61
Bifenthrin, 139
BioCheck, 169–70
Biologicals, 239
Biopesticides, 240–41
Biotech agriculture, 2, 44, 48
Birth defects associated with pesticide exposure, 81, 138, 154, 160
Blair, Aaron, 93, 100
Blum, Kathy, 109
Borlaug CASTCommunication Award, 127–28
Bowman, Laura, 68
Brazil, 80–81
Breast cancer, 84
Breyer, Charles R., 49
Britain, 27–28, 80–81, 173–74
Buonsante, Vito, 182
Bush, George W., 171–72
Butterflies, 205–6
Byrne, Jay, 121
Califf, Robert, 234
California, 21, 63, 99–100, 117–18, 148–49
Callahan, Patricia, 230
Campbell, Dean, 194–95, 197, 202–3
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), 68–69
Carmichael, Nate and Marcela, 75–76
Carrasco, Andrés, 81, 160–63
Carson, Rachel, 1–2, 235
Cell-cycle dysregulaton, 84
Center for Food Safety, 130–31
Center for Responsive Politics, 231
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 142–44
Chamber of Agricultural Health and Fertilizers, 162
Chamkasem, Narong, 72–73, 75–76
Chassy, Bruce, 120–24
Children
chlorpyrifos exposure and altered brain development, 136
illness and death of, linked to glyphosate exposure, 155–57
margin of safety designed for protection of, 61, 102
pesticide exposures and, 61, 64, 70–71, 83
susceptibility to adverse effects of pesticides, 234, 237–38
Chlorpyrifos, 136–37, 139, 150, 218, 231–34
Chromosomal damage in blood cells, 84
Chronic reference doses, basis for and uses of, 59–60
Cilag, 23–24
Citrus greening (huanglongbing), 211–13
Clean Water Act violations, Kauai, 150–51
Climate change, 205
Coffee farmers, 13–15
Colombia, 63, 165–66
Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, 136
Competitive Enterprise Institute, 230
Consumers Union, 59
Cook-Schultz, Kara, 89
Cooper, Danielle, 72
Copley, Marion, 227
Core crops, oversupply of, 245
Corporate Europe Observatory, 180
Council for Biotchnology Information (CBI), 122
Covey, Shanny, 21
Cox, Darren, 74–75
Craven Laboratories, 37
CropLife America, 105–6, 230–32
CropLife International, 97–98
Cropping practices, traditional, 190–91, 195
Culpepper, Stanley, 200
Dean, Frank, 212–13
Detox Project, 57–58, 62
Diazinon, 91
Dicamba, 198–99, 201–2
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 2, 19–20, 26, 211
Dioxin contamination, 228–29
Donley, Nathan, 38
Dow companies, 113, 197–98, 202, 218, 230, 233–34
Drake, Lisa, 129
Duke (dog), 21
Duke, Stephen O., 28, 209
DuPont companies, 113, 137–39, 142, 145
Dykstra, William, 35
Earthjustice, 148–51
Ecuador, 166
Ellis, Stephen, 235–36
El Salvador, 82
Elver, Hilal, 244
Endocrine disruption, 83–84, 117, 137, 218
Endosulfan insecticide, 156–57
Environmental Working Group, 20
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 57
EPA. See U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
European Union (EU)
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), 183–84
European Commission and proposed glyphosate reauthorization, 117, 183, 186
European Federation of Biotechnology, 118
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 176–80, 183
Members of European Parliament (MEPs), 169–70, 172–74, 180, 184, 186
move by regulators to ban POEA from glyphosate-based herbicides, 87
opposition to GMOs among nations of, 171–72
reauthorization of glyphosate considered by, 102–3, 169–71
WTO order to lift ban on GMO crops, 172
Evslin, Lee, 140–41
Farm Chemicals Magazine, 28
Farmers and agricultural workers
cancers in, 15–16
coffee farmers, 13–15
glyphosate exposure, 236
glyphosate residues in homes of, 91
kidney disease epidemic among, 82–83
lawsuits against Monsanto, 163–64
losses from added costs and diminished yields, 194
non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk, 85–86
pushback against Monsanto on Roundup Ready hard red spring wheat, 51–52, 58
safety rules for, 12
use of agrochemical concentrates, 159–60
use of GMO seeds, 153–54
See also McCall entries
Fatty liver disease, 80–81
FDA. See U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act (1972), 29
Feldman, Jay, 77
Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina, 155–57
Ferrante, Andrea, 187
Flint, Jerry, 122
Florida, 211
Folta, Kevin, 124–29, 131, 145
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 182
Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT) journal, 116, 119–20
Food production, need for paradigm shift in, 242, 248
Food Quality Protection Act, 61, 231, 247–48
Forastiere, Francesco, 93, 95–96, 100
Formulated herbicides, 155, 180, 184, 232, 247
Fraley, Robb, 202, 239
France
Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, France (ANSES), 183
National League Against Cancer (La Ligue nationale contre le cancer), 170
Franz, John, 24–25
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) closeted collaborations revealed, 114
EPA and, 102–3, 225–26, 229
FDA and, 74
use of, 3
Friends of the Earth, 173
Fritschi, Lin, 11
Gatica, Sofia, 155–57
General Mills, lawsuit against, 63
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
bans considered or enacted, 117, 171–72
glyphosate-tolerant trait in, 2, 193–95
hard red spring wheat, 51–52
Monsanto’s commercialization of, 10
public policy debates over introduction of, 1–2
soybeans, 43–46, 153–57, 161
U.S. government’s promotion of, 167–68, 171–72
Vrain and, 111
Georgia, 200
Germany
ban on glyphosate in, 63
BfR (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung) (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment), 175–77, 179–80
BMEL (Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture), 176
UBA (Umwelt Bundesamt) (Environment Agency), 175
Ghali, George Z., 35
Glyphosate
aerial spraying of, 155–58, 166, 168
bans on, considered or enacted, 63, 145–46, 162
carcinogenicity: EPA Toxicology Branch Ad Hoc Committee investigation, 31–32; European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) conclusion on, 184; IARC conclusion, 94–96, 159, 166, 171–72; WHO classification of, 10, 28, 62–63
Carrasco’s research on, 160–61
dangers of Roundup vs., 79–80
discovery of uses as herbicide, 24–25
as endocrine disruptor, 117, 218
environmental problems with use of, 4–5, 203–4, 212
evolution of, compared to DDT, 19–20
excluded from U.S. government testing regimes for pesticide residues, 40, 64–68, 77, 80
genotoxicity of, 83, 88–89
patented as chemical chelator, 82
pervasiveness in water, air, and food, 4–5, 20
reregistration assessments in U.S. and Europe (2015), 98
research findings and protests over use of, 4–5, 9–10
residues: in breast milk samples, 57; in British bread products, 173–74; concerns about, and push for GMO labeling, 3; EPA’s flexibility in tolerance levels, 5, 39–40, 59–61; in farmers’ homes, 91; in honey and soy sauce, 56; in human urine and common foods, 55–56, 173–75; IARC’s findings, 96; in oats, 72; prevalence of, in Hawaii, 145; in soybeans, 65; testing by Anresco Laboratories, 62; testing by USDA’s GIPSA, 66; tolerance levels in EU vs. U.S., 86; in urine of pregnant women, 85; USGS’s hunt for, 58–59
safety claims, 40, 87–88
“salts” of, 30
on social media, 128
toxicology testing urged for commercial formulations of, 86–87
use levels, unprecedented, 2–5, 50–52, 73, 156, 187
uses, limited, 99–100, 187
U.S. government’s promotion of, 164–65
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), 84–87, 183, 197–98, 201–2, 230
Glyphosate-resistant weeds, 49, 154, 189–90, 192–97, 199–200
Glyphosate Task Force, 133, 178
GMO Answers (web site), 123, 126
GMO Free USA, 56
GMOs. See Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Goodman, Richard, 118–20
Gore, Andrea, 83
Government Accountability Project, 222
Grandjean, Philippe, 71
Grant, Hugh, 97
Green payments, agricultural sustainability and, 244–45
Greenpeace, 178
Growcentia, 241–42
Hamm, Phil, 24
Hammond, Bruce, 119
Hansen, Michael, 59
Hard red spring wheat, 58
Hari, Vani, 130–31
Harrington, John, 20–21
Hatcher, Judy, 168
Hawaiian Islands
agricultural land occupied by agrochemical companies, 135
efforts on main island to restrict seed companies, thwarted, 144–45
escalating chemical use and range of health problems, 137–38
Hawaii County Council bill to ban spraying of pesticides on government grounds, 145–46
joint fact-finding group to gather data on pesticide concerns, 140
Kauai, 138–44, 150–51
Maui, 144–45
state senate hearing on pesticide use, 145
state’s failure to provide regulation of pesticide use, 149–51
Hawaii Crop Improvement Association, 145
Hawaii Department of Agriculture, 149–50
Hayes, A. Wallace, 119
Health and Environmental Alliance (HEAL), 170
Health problems linked to glyphosate exposure
in Argentina, 154, 160
birth defects, 81, 138
cancers, 16, 84–86
chromosomal damage in blood cells, 84
endocrine disruption, 83–84, 117, 218
fatty liver disease, 80–81
genotoxicity, 83, 88–89
hormonal changes, 137–38
illness and death of children, 155–57
kidney disease, 82–83, 120
miscarriages, 137, 154
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 8–11, 13–15, 85–86, 93, 187
research results, 4–5
Health problems linked to pesticide exposure, 247–48
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), 238
ALCL (anaplastic large-cell lymphoma), 21–22
cancers, 91
children and, 234
endocrine disruption, 137
growing concerns over, 237–38
in Hawaii, 137–38
Parkinson’s disease and paraquat, 149
Heinrich Böll Foundation, 174–75
Hemming, Bruce, 56–57
Hensel, Andreas, 175–83
Herbicides
annual costs of, 194
formulated, 155, 180, 184, 232, 247
glyphosate-based (GBH), 84–87, 197–98, 201–2, 230
preemergent, 27
prescriptive approach to use of, 191
resistance to, 190–93, 197, 199–200
volatility of, 198–99
Heyden, William, 185
Honey, glyphosate residues in, 74
Honeycutt, Zen, 63
Hooser, Gary, 141, 145–48
Hormonal changes in people, 137–38
Houston Museum of Natural Science, 131
Huber, Don, 20
Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories (IBT), 36
Industrialized agriculture vs. agroecology, 244
Infante, Peter, 105–7, 231
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), 220
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), WHO
gathering in Lyon, France (2015), 91
glyphosate association with cancer, 16
glyphosate association with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 10–11
glyphosate evaluation and classification as probable human carcinogen, 92–96, 159, 166, 171–72
group formed to tear down credibility of, 98–99, 132
Monsanto warned by EPA of conclusions, 96–97
2,4-D classified as possible carcinogen and suspected endocrine disruptor, 198
work of, analyzed by BfR, 176–77
International Food Information Council (IFIC), 71
International trade disruption, 3, 72
Iowa, 210
Italy, 186–87
Jackson, Lisa, 219, 230
Jackson-Gheissari, Amelia, 76
Jayasumana, Channa, 82–83
Jenkins, Cate, 37, 228
Jenkins, Dan, 97, 103, 177, 225–26
Johal, Gurmukh, 212
Johnson, Aaron, 17
Johnson, Bill, 190
Johnson & Johnson Company, 23–24
Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), 182
Joint Glyphosate Task Force, 133
Jones, Jim, 240
Juma, Calestous, 115
Juncker, Jean-Claude, 184, 186
Kansas State University, 192–93
Kashtock, Michael, 67
Kenya, ban on GMO crops, 117
Ketchum, 125–26
Kidney disease epidemics, 82–83
Kidney tumors in mice, 32
Kimbrell, George, 124
Krautzberter, Maria, 175
Kremer, Robert, 207–10
Kuschner, Marvin, 32–33
Lambert, Jean, 174
Lappé, Anna, 129
Larry, Pamm, 167–68
Laybourne, Vicky and Paul, 109
Leaders Engaged in Advancing Dialogue (LEAD), 132
Le Curieux, Frank, 92
Legumes, 191
Levinkas, George, 32–33
Lewis, David, 221–22
Lieu, Ted, 215–16
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 57
Lombard, Margaret, 76
Lu, Chensheng, 70
Lundgren, Jonathan, 224, 248
Malathion, 91
Maneb, 149
Manfredini, Rolando, 186