December 1941

by Craig Shirley

  8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Full Report on Program For Dealing With West Coast Japanese Problem,” December 22, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

  9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 22, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

  10. Life, “How To Tell Japs From The Chinese,” December 22, 1941, 81.

  11. Life, “How To Tell Japs From The Chinese,” December 22, 1941, 81.

  12. Washington Evening Star, “Patent Office Removal Assailed as Costly And Unwise by Congress Leaders and Lawyers,” December 21, 1941, 1.

  13. Jerry Kluttz, “Several Agencies to Remain Permanently From Capital,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  14. Scott Hart, “Raid Alarm Test Works Well, Except for Sirens,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  15. Washington Post, “Yesterday’s Fiasco,” December 22, 1941, 12.

  16. Blair Bolles, “Press No Longer Wholly Free Under War Censorship Order,” Washington Evening Star, December 21, 1941, 10.

  17. Associated Press, “Broadcasters Adopt Guide for Handling America’s War News,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 22, 1941, 8.

  18. New York Times, “Radio to Outlaw Rumors on War,” December 22, 1941, 14.

  19. Associated Press, “She’s Looking for a Jap,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.

  20. Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, “Local Fliers Are Grounded by CAA,” December 22, 1941, 1.

  21. Life, “Japanese Planes; How to Identify Enemy Craft That Might Attack the U.S.,” December 22, 1941.

  22. Associated Press, “U.S. Vessels Are Attached,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 22, 1941, 1.

  23. United Press, “30 Survivors of Tanker Reach Coast; Freighter Sunk Dec. 11,” Yuma (AZ) Daily News, December 22, 1941, 1.

  24. United Press, “30 Survivors of Tanker Reach Coast; Freighter Sunk Dec. 11,” Yuma (AZ) Daily News, December 22, 1941, 1.

  25. Associated Press, “U.S. Tanker Captain Tries to Ram Sub,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.

  26. Associated Press, “Reports Received of Enemy U-Boats off The West Coast,” Nevada Mail, December 22, 1941, 8.

  27. Walter V. Nessly, “14 U-Boats Sunk or Hit in Atlantic Knox Says,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  28. Walter V. Nessly, “14 U-Boats Sunk or Hit in Atlantic Knox Says,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  29. Marshall Andrews, “Survivors of U.S. Ship Are Shelled,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.

  30. Associated Press, “Tokyo Claims Navy Has Sunk 9 Enemy Subs,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.

  31. Associated Press, “Japs May Have 40 Subs Able to Reach U.S.,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.

  32. Associated Press, “Japs May Have 40 Subs Able to Reach U.S.,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.

  33. Clark Lee, Associated Press, “Japs Try Big Landing Near Manila,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 22, 1941, 1.

  34. Associated Press, “U.S. Forces Ready For Attack; Control of Islands at Stake,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  35. H. Ford Wilkins, Copyright by the New York Times, “Bombing of Quezon’s Home Solidifies Filipinos for U.S.,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.

  36. Time, “The U.S. At War,” December 22, 1941, 10.

  37. United Press, “King George Sends Defenders Praise and Encouragement,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.

  38. United Press, “King George Sends Defenders Praise and Encouragement,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.

  39. Associated Press, “British in Malaya Smash at Japanese from New Positions,” Washington Evening Star, December 22, 1941, A4.

  40. Washington Post, “Heroes on Wake Hold Firm Despite Two New Attacks,” December 22, 1941, 1.

  41. Associated Press, “Nazis Execute 5 Jews in Occupied France,” Boston Daily Globe, December 22, 1941, 26.

  42. Associated Press, “Germany Pulling Troops Out of Occupied Norway, Sending Them to Russia And Libya,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 22, 1941, 5.

  43. Daniel T. Brigham, “Brauchitsch Is Out,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 1.

  44. International News Service, “Sailor Still Lives, Parents Learn After Rites Are Held,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 5.

  45. Associated Press, “Parents of Son Killed in World War Lose 2 More at Pearl Harbor,” Baltimore Sun, December 22, 1941, 3.

  46. Associated Press, “Town Mourns Deaths of Three Brothers in Honolulu Attack,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 22, 1941, 13.

  47. Birmingham (AL) News, Youth Would Avenge Death of His Brother,” December 21, 1941, 1.

  48. Associated Press, “Birthday Felicitations For Stalin, This Time By Allies, Not Hitler,” Baltimore Sun, December 22, 1941, 11.

  49. Birmingham (AL) News, “Alabama Press,” December 22, 1941, 12.

  50. Associated Press, “General Sales Tax Proposal Gains in Favor,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  51. Associated Press, “General Sales Tax Proposal Gains in Favor,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.

  52. Washington Post, “Public Told What Foods It Should Stock,” December 22, 1941, 6.

  53. Jane Driscoll, “No Glove Shortage Is Foreseen, But Wise Buying Is Advised,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 15.

  54. Washington Post, “New Research Shows Food Value of Milk,” December 22, 1941, 15.

  55. Birmingham (AL) News, “What Every Woman Wants to Know About a Man,” December 22, 1941, 3.

  56. United Press, “Makes ‘War Tires’ For 35 M.P.H. Tops,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 7.

  57. Associated Press, “‘War Tire’ Ready for Market, But Don’t Drive Over 35,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 6.

  CHAPTER 23: THE TWENTY-THIRD OF DECEMBER

  1. Associated Press, “What? A War? Dixie ‘Cracker’ Rarin’ to Crack a ‘Danged Jap,’” Atlanta Constitution, December 22, 1941, 5.

  2. United Press, “28,363 Join Army In 2 Weeks After War Declaration,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 23, 1941, 1.

  3. Washington Post, “Sen. Truman’s Ready for Army, But Army’s Not Ready for Him,” December 22, 1941, 8.

  4. Los Angeles Times, “Women May Drive Taxis,” December 22, 1941, 16.

  5. Associated Press, “Prison Labor Urged for Use on war Goods,” Atlanta Constitution, December 22, 1941, 8.

  6. Associated Press, “Former Steelers Star Dudley Dies at 88,” ESPN NFL, February 4, 2010. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=4887025&campaign=rss&source=NFLHeadlines.

  7. Associated Press, “Miller of ‘Four Horsemen’ Named U.S. Attorney,” The Evening Star, December 23, 1941, A2.

  8.

  9. New York Herald-Tribune, “35,000 Press Agents,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 6.

  10. Walter Winchell, “Walter Winchell: Man About Town,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 6.

  11. Atlanta Constitution, “Margaret Mitchell En Route for Commissioning of Atlanta,” December 23, 1941, 6.

  12. Associated Press, “Subs Sink U.S. Tanker,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 23, 1941, 2.

  13. Associated Press, “Subs Sink U.S. Tanker,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 23, 1941, 2.

  14. Associated Press, “Heavy Gunfire Heard Off California Coast,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.

  15. Los Angeles Times, “Freighter’s Smoke Causes Alarm Along Coast Cities,” December 22, 1941, 1.

  16. Los Angeles Times, “Four Lose Lives Serving Country,” December 22, 1941, B16.

  17. Birmingham (AL) News, “War Victim,” December 22, 1941, 14.

  18. Los Angeles Times, “Eagle Rock Holds Memorial For Lieut. Comdr. Michael,” December 22, 1941, 8.

  19. Los Angeles Times, “Sons of ‘Times’ Man Missing,” December 22, 1941, Part I, 8.

  20. Tom Yarbrough, Associate
d Press, “Japs Not Suicidal at Pearl Harbor, Witnesses Declare,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 5.

  21. Tom Yarbrough, Associated Press, “Japs Not Suicidal at Pearl Harbor, Witnesses Declare,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 5.

  22. Associated Press, “U.S. Pilot Fired On By Jap Flyers While ’Chuting from Sky,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 3.

  23. Associated Press, “U.S. Flyer Is Saved From Savage When They See His Hair,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 4.

  24. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “2 Leaders Confer,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 1.

  25. Associated Press, “Churchill In Washington Big Surprise,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 23, 1941, 1.

  26. Associated Press, “Nazis Placed Churchill in Middle East,” Boston Daily Globe, December 23, 1941, 3.

  27. United Press, “Steve Early’s Desk Will Never Look the Same Again,” Boston Evening Globe, December 23, 1941, 26.

  28. Associated Press, “Churchill Wears Life Saver’s Garb,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 5.

  29. Associated Press, “Leaders of Democracy at White House to Plan War Against Axis,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 16.

  30. Dewey L. Fleming, “Prime Minister Makes Sudden, Dramatic Trip; Parleys Start at Once,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 1.

  31. Associated Press Photo, Washington Post, December 23, 1947, 16.

  32. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill Says Allies Plan Complete Unity of Action in Pacific,” December 23, 1941, A6 continued from A1.

  33. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship (New York: Random House, 2003), xii.

  34. New York Times, “The Day in Washington,” December 23, 1941, 5.

  35. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum From FDR to Jack Carter on The Summary of Preliminary Intelligence Problems in New York Area,” December 23, 1941, Hyde Park, New York.

  36. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 2.

  37. Associated Press Wirephoto Caption, “Discussing War Strategy,” Boston Evening Globe, December 23, 1941, 23.

  38. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 2.

  39. Associated Press, “Japs Meanwhile Effect Landing On Wake Island,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.

  40. Washington Post, “Hongkong’s Valiant Defenders Sink Two Ships; Siege Goes On,” December 24, 1941, 2.

  41. Associated Press, “Japs Obtained No Oil From Borneo Wells,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 4.

  42. Atlanta Constitution, “Japs Hurled Into Sea by Luzon Defenders,” December 23, 1941, 1.

  43. United Press, “Resists Invaders,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 2. (Dateline: December 22, 1941).

  44. Associated Press, “U.S. Mechanized Forces Rushed Into Luzon Battle,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.

  45. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, “Radiogram from Manila to the Adjutant General,” December 22, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

  46. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 22, 1941, 10.

  47. New York Times, “Last Guam Message Received on Dec. 10,” December 23, 1941, 3.

  48. Dr. George Gallup, “The Gallup Poll: Germany Considered Greater Threat to U.S. Thank Japan, Survey of Attitudes Shows,” Washington Post, December 23, 1947, 2.

  49. International News Service, “British Carrier Sunk in Atlantic By Sub, Nazis Say,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 4.

  50. Canadian Press, “Casualties of Canadians Said ‘Heavy,’” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 23, 1941, 1.

  51. United Press, “Gallant Few Still Hold Out at Hongkong,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 1.

  52. Associated Press, “British in Hongkong Still Fighting, They Report by Radio to Chungking: Communication Maintained,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 4.

  53. Frank Oliver, “Prize of War: Hong Kong, Garden of South China,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 19.

  54. Associated Press, “Churchill in Washington; Confers With Roosevelt,” Atlanta Constitution, December 23, 1941, 1.

  55. Lloyd Lehrbas, Associated Press, “Introducing Winston Churchill,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 5.

  56. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House, 2003), 42.

  57. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House, 2003), 8.

  58. Lloyd Lehrbas, “Introducing Winston Churchill,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 5.

  59. Washington Post, “President Asks Country to Pray,” December 23, 1941, 4.

  60. Time Magazine, “The U.S. at War, Full Blast,” December 22, 1941, 9.

  61. New York Times, “No Strikes in War, Spellman Pleads,” December 22, 1941, 15.

  62. New York Times, “No Strikes in War, Spellman Pleads,” December 22, 1941, 15.

  63. New York Times, “Four Freedoms Aim of War Hit by Taft,” May 26, 1943, 20.

  64. Associated Press, “Fall Schedule Helps Ease Worry For Mrs. Roosevelt,” Sarasota (FL) Herald-Tribune, December 23, 1941, 6.

  65. Washington Post, “Photo,” December 24, 1941, 5.

  66. Associated Press, “White House to Have Turkey and Trimmin’s,” Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1941, 10.

  67. John C. Henry, “Round Table Talks By War Council to Fix Command,” Washington Evening Star, December 23, 1941, 1.

  68. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.

  69. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.

  70. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Churchill Talks,” New York Times, December 24, 1941, 4 continued from page 1.

  71. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.

  72. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.

  73. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 2.

  74. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.

  75. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.

  76. Associated Press, “Transportation Office Created,” Los Angeles Times, December 24, 1941, 4.

  77. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “2 Leaders Confer,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 1.

  78. United Press, “F.D. and Churchill Divide War Into 4 Major Actions,” Boston Evening Globe, December 23, 1941, 3.

  79. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill, President Studying War Roles For Other Allies,” December 24, 1941, 1.

  80. Associated Press, “‘War Council’ to Confer with Churchill: Allied Chieftains Discuss Means of Crushing Axis,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.

  81. Associated Press, “‘War Council’ to Confer with Churchill: Allied Chieftains Discuss Means of Crushing Axis,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 2 continued from page 1.

  82. Associated Press, “‘War Council’ to Confer with Churchill: Allied Chieftains Discuss Means of Crushing Axis,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.

  CHAPTER 24: THE TWENTY-FOURTH OF DECEMBER

  1. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.

  2. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.

  3. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.

  4. Edward T. Folliard, “Prime Minister Fences Press U.S. Style,” Washi
ngton Post, December 24, 1941, 4.

  5. Associated Press, “Santa Claus To Visit Sing Sing Prison,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 24, 1941, 7.

  6. Washington Post, “Ceremony at White House on Christmas Eve to Highlight Varied Program of Yule Activity,” December 22, 1941, 19.

  7. Associated Press, “8-Lb. Baby Boy Born to Mrs. F. D. Roosevelt Jr.,” Boston Daily Globe, December 22, 1941, 1.

  8. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill, President Studying War Roles For Other Allies,” December 24, 1941, A1.

  9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram from Kirk to Hull,” December 24, 1941, 1-2, Hyde Park, NY.

  10. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram from Kirk to Hull,” December 24, 1941, 2, Hyde Park, NY.

  11. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for Grace,” December 24, 1941, Hyde Park, NY, 1.

  12. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memo From C.V. Munson,” Hyde Park, NY.

  13. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill, Roosevelt Will Attend Church Together Tomorrow,” December 24, 1941, B1.

  14. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.

  15. Washington Post, “Ceremony at White House on Christmas Eve to Highlight Varied Program of Yule Activity,” December 22, 1941, 19.

  16. Associated Press, “Film Studio Ready if War Should Hit,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 2.

  17. Los Angeles Times, “Studio Builds Raid Shelters,” December 23, 1941, 7.

  18. Ronald J. Schmidt, This is The City: Making Model Citizens in Los Angeles (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press, 2005), 46.

  19. International News Service, “Jap Ambassador Buys Drawers,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 1.

  20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram to the President from Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Chungking,” December 24, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

  21. Associated Press, “Shells and Carols Mix on Kent Coast,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 6.

  22. Associated Press, “RAF Suspends Activity,” New York Times, December 27, 1941, 8.

  23. Associated Press, “Nazis Finish Bases for Use Against Britain,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.