The Sun Also Rises

by Ernest Hemingway

  It was a good morning, there were high white clouds above the mountains. It had rained a little in the night and it was fresh and cool on the plateau, and there was a wonderful view. We all felt good and we felt healthy, and I felt quite friendly to Cohn. You could not be upset about anything on a day like that.

  That was the last day before the fiesta.

  Chapter XV

  At noon of Sunday, the 6th of July, the fiesta exploded. There is no other way to describe it. People had been coming in all day from the country, but they were assimilated in the town and you did not notice them. The square was as quiet in the hot sun as on any other day. The peasants were in the outlying wine shops. There they were drinking, getting ready for the fiesta. They had come in so recently from the plains and the hills that it was necessary that they make their shifting in values gradually. They could not start in paying cafe prices. They got their money's worth in the wine shops. Money still had a definite value in hours worked and bushels of grain sold. Late in the fiesta it would not matter what they paid, nor where they bought.

  Now on the day of the starting of the fiesta of San Fermin they had been in the wine shops of the narrow streets of the town since early morning. Going down the streets in the morning on the way to mass in the cathedral, I heard them singing through the open doors of the shops. They were warming up. There were many people at the eleven o'clock mass. San Fermin is also a religious festival.

  I walked down the hill from the cathedral and up the street to the cafe on the square. It was a little before noon. Robert Cohn and Bill were sitting at one of the tables. The marble-topped tables and the white wicker chairs were gone. They were replaced by cast-iron tables and severe folding chairs. The cafe was like a battleship stripped for action. Today the waiters did not leave you alone all morning to read without asking if you wanted to order something. A waiter came up as soon as I sat down.

  "What are you drinking?" I asked Bill and Robert.

  "Sherry," Cohn said.

  "Jerez," I said to the waiter.

  Before the waiter brought the sherry the rocket that announced the fiesta went up in the square. It burst and there was a gray ball of smoke high up above the Theatre Gayarre, across on the other side of the plaza. The ball of smoke hung in the sky like a shrapnel burst, and as I watched, another rocket came up to it, trickling smoke in the bright sunlight. I saw the bright flash as it burst and another little cloud of smoke appeared. By the time the second rocket had burst there were so many people in the arcade, that had been empty a minute before, that the waiter, holding the bottle high up over his head, could hardly get through the crowd to our table. People were coming into the square from all sides, and down the street we heard the pipes and the fifes and the drums coming. They were playing the riau-riau music, the pipes shrill and the drums pounding, and behind them came the men and boys dancing. When the fifers stopped they all crouched down in the street, and when the reed-pipes and the fifes shrilled, and the flat, dry, hollow drums tapped it out again, they all went up in the air dancing. In the crowd you saw only the heads and shoulders of the dancers going up and down.

  In the square a man, bent over, was playing on a reed-pipe, and a crowd of children were following him shouting, and pulling at his clothes. He came out of the square, the children following him, and piped them past the cafe and down a side street. We saw his blank pockmarked face as he went by, piping, the children close behind him shouting and pulling at him.

  "He must be the village idiot," Bill said. "My God! Look at that!"

  Down the street came dancers. The street was solid with dancers, all men. They were all dancing in time behind their own fifers and drummers. They were a club of some sort, and all wore workmen's blue smocks, and red handkerchiefs around their necks, and carried a great banner on two poles. The banner danced up and down with them as they came down surrounded by the crowd.

  "Hurray for Wine! Hurray for the Foreigners!" was painted on the banner.

  "Where are the foreigners?" Robert Cohn asked.

  "We're the foreigners," Bill said.

  All the time rockets were going up. The cafe tables were all full now. The square was emptying of people and the crowd was filling the cafes.

  "Where's Brett and Mike?" Bill asked.

  "I'll go and get them," Cohn said.

  "Bring them here."

  The fiesta was really started. It kept up day and night for seven days. The dancing kept up, the drinking kept up, the noise went on. The things that happened could only have happened during a fiesta. Everything became quite unreal finally and it seemed as though nothing could have any consequences. It seemed out of place to think of consequences during the fiesta. All during the fiesta you had the feeling, even when it was quiet, that you had to shout any remark to make it heard. It was the same feeling about any action. It was a fiesta and it went on for seven days.

  That afternoon was the big religious procession. San Fermin was translated from one church to another. In the procession were all the dignitaries, civil and religious. We could not see them because the crowd was too great. Ahead of the formal procession and behind it danced the riau-riau dancers. There was one mass of yellow shirts dancing up and down in the crowd. All we could see of the procession through the closely pressed people that crowded all the side streets and curbs were the great giants, cigar store Indians, thirty feet high, Moors, a King and Queen, whirling and waltzing solemnly to the riau-riau.

  They were all standing outside the chapel where San Fermin and the dignitaries had passed in, leaving a guard of soldiers, the giants, with the men who danced in them standing beside their resting frames, and the dwarfs moving with their whacking bladders through the crowd. We started inside and there was a smell of incense and people filing back into the church, but Brett was stopped just inside the door because she had no hat, so we went out again and along the street that ran back from the chapel into town. The street was lined on both sides with people keeping their place at the curb for the return of the procession. Some dancers formed a circle around Brett and started to dance. They wore big wreaths of white garlics around their necks. They took Bill and me by the arms and put us in the circle. Bill started to dance, too. They were all chanting. Brett wanted to dance but they did not want her to. They wanted her as an image to dance around. When the song ended with the sharp riau-riau! they rushed us in to a wine shop.

  We stood at the counter. They had Brett seated on a wine cask. It was dark in the wine shop and full of men singing, hard-voiced singing. Back of the counter they drew the wine from casks. I put down money for the wine, but one of the men picked it up and put it back in my pocket.

  "I want a leather wine bottle," Bill said.

  "There's a place down the street," I said. "I'll go get a couple."

  The dancers did not want me to go out. Three of them were sitting on the high wine cask beside Brett, teaching her to drink out of the wineskins. They had hung a wreath of garlics around her neck. Someone insisted on giving her a glass. Somebody was teaching Bill a song. Singing it into his ear. Beating time on Bill's back.

  I explained to them that I would be back. Outside in the street I went down the street looking for the shop that made leather wine bottles. The crowd was packed on the sidewalks and many of the shops were shuttered, and I could not find it. I walked as far as the church, looking on both sides of the street. Then I asked a man and he took me by the arm and led me to it. The shutters were up but the door was open.

  Inside it smelled of fresh tanned leather and hot tar. A man was stencilling completed wineskins. They hung from the roof in bunches. He took one down, blew it up, screwed the nozzle tight, and then jumped on it.

  "See! It doesn't leak."

  "I want another one, too. A big one."

  He took down a big one that would hold a gallon or more, from the roof. He blew it up, his cheeks puffing ahead of the wineskin, and stood on the bota holding on to a chair.

  "What are you going to do? Sell them i
n Bayonne?"

  "No. Drink out of them."

  He slapped me on the back.

  "Good man. Eight pesetas for the two. The lowest price."

  The man who was stencilling the new ones and tossing them into a pile stopped.

  "It's true," he said. "Eight pesetas is cheap."

  I paid and went out and along the street back to the wine shop.

  It was darker than ever inside and very crowded. I did not see Brett and Bill, and someone said they were in the back room. At the counter the girl filled the two wineskins for me. One held two litres. The other held five litres. Filling them both cost three pesetas sixty centimos. Someone at the counter, that I had never seen before, tried to pay for the wine, but I finally paid for it myself. The man who had wanted to pay then bought me a drink. He would not let me buy one in return, but said he would take a rinse of the mouth from the new wine bag. He tipped the big five-litre bag up and squeezed it so the wine hissed against the back of his throat.

  "All right," he said, and handed back the bag.

  In the back room Brett and Bill were sitting on barrels surrounded by the dancers. Everybody had his arms on everybody else's shoulders, and they were all singing. Mike was sitting at a table with several men in their shirt-sleeves, eating from a bowl of tuna fish, chopped onions and vinegar. They were all drinking wine and mopping up the oil and vinegar with pieces of bread.

  "Hello, Jake. Hello!" Mike called. "Come here. I want you to meet my friends. We're all having an hors-d'oeuvre.'

  I was introduced to the people at the table. They supplied their names to Mike and sent for a fork for me.

  "Stop eating their dinner, Michael," Brett shouted from the wine barrels.

  "I don't want to eat up your meal," I said when someone handed me a fork.

  "Eat," he said. "What do you think it's here for?"

  I unscrewed the nozzle of the big wine bottle and handed it around. Every one took a drink, tipping the wineskin at arm's length.

  Outside, above the singing, we could hear the music of the procession going by.

  "Isn't that the procession?" Mike asked.

  "Nada," someone said. "It's nothing. Drink up. Lift the bottle."

  "Where did they find you?" I asked Mike.

  "Someone brought me here," Mike said. "They said you were here."

  "Where's Cohn?"

  "He's passed out," Brett called. "They've put him away somewhere."

  "Where is he?"

  "I don't know."

  "How should we know," Bill said. "I think he's dead."

  "He's not dead," Mike said. "I know he's not dead. He's just passed out on Anis del Mono."

  As he said Anis del Mono one of the men at the table looked up, brought out a bottle from inside his smock, and handed it to me.

  "No," I said. "No, thanks!"

  "Yes. Yes. Arriba! Up with the bottle!"

  I took a drink. It tasted of licorice and warmed all the way. I could feel it warming in my stomach.

  "Where the hell is Cohn?"

  "I don't know," Mike said. "I'll ask. Where is the drunken comrade?" he asked in Spanish.

  "You want to see him?"

  "Yes," I said.

  "Not me," said Mike. "This gent."

  The Anis del Mono man wiped his mouth and stood up.

  "Come on."

  In a back room Robert Cohn was sleeping quietly on some wine casks. It was almost too dark to see his face. They had covered him with a coat and another coat was folded under his head. Around his neck and on his chest was a big wreath of twisted garlics.

  "Let him sleep," the man whispered. "He's all right."

  Two hours later Cohn appeared. He came into the front room still with the wreath of garlics around his neck. The Spaniards shouted when he came in. Cohn wiped his eyes and grinned.

  "I must have been sleeping," he said.

  "Oh, not at all," Brett said.

  "You were only dead," Bill said.

  "Aren't we going to go and have some supper?" Cohn asked.

  "Do you want to eat?"

  "Yes. Why not? I'm hungry."

  "Eat those garlics, Robert," Mike said. "I say. Do eat those garlics."

  Cohn stood there. His sleep had made him quite all right.

  "Do let's go and eat," Brett said. "I must get a bath."

  "Come on," Bill said. "Let's translate Brett to the hotel."

  We said good-bye to many people and shook hands with many people and went out. Outside it was dark.

  "What time is it do you suppose?" Cohn asked.

  "It's tomorrow," Mike said. "You've been asleep two days."

  "No," said Cohn, "what time is it?"

  "It's ten o'clock."

  "What a lot we've drunk."

  "You mean what a lot we've drunk. You went to sleep."

  Going down the dark streets to the hotel we saw the skyrockets going up in the square. Down the side streets that led to the square we saw the square solid with people, those in the centre all dancing.

  It was a big meal at the hotel. It was the first meal of the prices being doubled for the fiesta, and there were several new courses. After the dinner we were out in the town. I remember resolving that I would stay up all night to watch the bulls go through the streets at six o'clock in the morning, and being so sleepy that J went to bed around four o'clock. The others stayed up.

  My own room was locked and I could not find the key, so I went upstairs and slept on one of the beds in Cohn's room. The fiesta was going on outside in the night, but I was too sleepy for it to keep me awake. When I woke it was the sound of the rocket exploding that announced the release of the bulls from the corrals at the edge of town. They would race through the streets and out to the bullring. I had been sleeping heavily and I woke feeling I was too late. I put on a coat of Cohn's and went out on the balcony. Down below the narrow street was empty. All the balconies were crowded with people. Suddenly a crowd came down the street. They were all running, packed close together. They passed along and up the street toward the bullring and behind them came more men running faster, and then some stragglers who were really running. Behind them was a little bare space, and then the bulls galloping, tossing their heads up and down. It all went out of sight around the corner. One man fell, rolled to the gutter, and lay quiet. But the bulls went right on and did not notice him. They were all running together.

  After they went out of sight a great roar came from the bullring. It kept on. Then finally the pop of the rocket that meant the bulls had gotten through the people in the ring and into the corrals. I went back in the room and got into bed. I had been standing on the stone balcony in bare feet. I knew our crowd must have all been out at the bullring. Back in bed, I went to sleep.

  Cohn woke me when he came in. He started to undress and went over and closed the window because the people on the balcony of the house just across the street were looking in.

  "Did you see the show?" I asked.

  ''Yes. We were all there."

  "Anybody get hurt?"

  "One of the bulls got into the crowd in the ring and tossed six or eight people."

  "How did Brett like it?"

  "It was all so sudden there wasn't any time for it to bother anybody."

  "I wish I'd been up."

  "We didn't know where you were. We went to your room but it was locked."

  "Where did you stay up?"

  "We danced at some club."

  "I got sleepy," I said.

  "My gosh! I'm sleepy now," Cohn said. "Doesn't this thing ever stop?"

  "Not for a week."

  Bill opened the door and put his head in.

  "Where were you, Jake?"

  "I saw them go through from the balcony. How was it?"

  "Grand."

  "Where you going?"

  "To sleep."

  No one was up before noon. We ate at tables set out under the arcade. The town was full of people. We had to wait for a table. After lunch we went over to the Iruna. It ha
d filled up, and as the time for the bullfight came it got fuller, and the tables were crowded closer. There was a close, crowded hum that came every day before the bullfight. The cafe did not make this same noise at any other time, no matter how crowded it was. This hum went on, and we were in it and a part of it.

  I had taken six seats for all the fights. Three of them were barreras, the first row at the ring-side, and three were sobrepuertos, seats with wooden backs, halfway up the amphitheatre. Mike thought Brett had best sit high up for her first time, and Cohn wanted to sit with them. Bill and I were going to sit in the barreras, and I gave the extra ticket to a waiter to sell. Bill said something to Cohn about what to do and how to look so he would not mind the horses. Bill had seen one season of bullfights.

  "I'm not worried about how I'll stand it. I'm only afraid I may be bored," Cohn said.

  "You think so?"

  "Don't look at the horses, after the bull hits them," I said to Brett. "Watch the charge and see the picador try and keep the bull off, but then don't look again until the horse is dead if it's been hit."

  "I'm a little nervy about it," Brett said. "I'm worried whether I'll be able to go through with it all right."

  "You'll be all right. There's nothing but that horse part that will bother you, and they're only in for a few minutes with each bull. Just don't watch when it's bad."

  "She'll be all right," Mike said. "I'll look after her."

  "I don't think you'll be bored," Bill said.

  "I'm going over to the hotel to get the glasses and the wineskin," I said. "See you back here. Don't get cock-eyed."

  "I'll come along," Bill said. Brett smiled at us.

  We walked around through the arcade to avoid the heat of the square.

  "That Cohn gets me," Bill said. "He's got this Jewish superiority so strong that he thinks the only emotion he'll get out of the fight will be being bored."