Collon, D. 1996. Mesopotamia and the Indus: The evidence of the seals. In The Indian Ocean in antiquity, edited by J. Reade, pp. 209—25. Kegan Paul International in association with the British Museum, London.
Cooke, S. B. and S. E. Aschenbrenner. 1975. The occurrence of metallic iron in ancient copper. Journal of Field Archaeology 2(3):251—66.
Costantini, L. and L. C. Biasini. 1985. Agriculture in Baluchistan between the 7th and 3rd millennium B.C. Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies 2:16—30.
Crawford, H. E. W. 1973. Mesopotamia’s invisible trade in the third millennium B.C. World Archaeology 5(2):232—41.
Cucarzi, M. 1984. Geophysical investigations at Moenjo-daro. In Reports on field work carried out at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan 1982—83 by the IsMEO—Aachen University Mission, edited by M. Jansen and G. Urban, pp. 191—200. Interim Reports, vol. 1. RWTH/IsMEO, Aachen/Rome.
————. 1987. A model of morphogenesis for Mohenjo-daro. In Reports on field work carried out at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 1983—84, edited by M. Jansen and G. Urban, pp. 79—90. Interim Reports, vol. 2. RWTH/IsMEO, Aachen/Rome.
Cunningham, A. 1875. Harappa. Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 5:105—8.
Dales, G. F. 1964. The mythical massacre at Mohenjo-daro. Expedition 6(3):36—43.
————. 1968a. Of dice and men. In Essays in memory of E. A. Speiser, edited by W. W. Hallo. Journal of the American Oriental Society 88(1):14—23.
————. 1968b. Mohenjodaro. Pakistan Archaeology 5:56—62.
————. 1977. Hissar III objects in Afghan Seistan. Mountains and lowlands: Essays in the archaeology of greater Mesopotamia, ed. L. Levine and T. C. Young, pp. 17—27. Undena Publications, Malibu.
————. 1979. The Balakot project: Summary of four years of excavations in Pakistan. Man and Environment 3:45—53.
————. 1982. Mohenjodaro miscellany: Some unpublished, forgotten or misinterpreted features. Harappan Civilization: A contemporary perspective, ed. Gregory L. Possehl, pp. 97—106. Oxford & IBH and the American Institute of Indian Studies, Delhi.
Dales, G. F. and J. M. Kenoyer. 1986. Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan: The pottery. The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Dales, G. F. and C. P. Lipo. 1992. Explorations on the Makran coast, Pakistan: A search for paradise. Contributions of the Archaeological Research Faculty, University of California, no. 50, Berkeley.
Dales, G. F., J. M. Kenoyer, and staff. 1991. Summaries of five seasons of research at Harappa (District Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan), 1986—1990. In Harappa excavations 1986—1990: A multidisciplinary approach to third millennium urbanism, edited by R. H. Meadow, pp. 185—262. Prehistory Press, Monographs in World Archaeology, no. 3, Madison.
Dames, M. L. 1886. Old seals found at Harappa. The Indian Antiquary 15:1.
Dani, A. H. 1950. Hariyupiya in the Rigveda. Varendra Research Society Monographs 8:17—24.
————. 1963. Indian palaeography. At the Clarendon Press, Oxford.
————. 1970—71. Excavations in the Gomal Valley. Ancient Pakistan 5:1—177.
Datta, A. 1998. Iron technology at the Chalcolithic Phase of West Bengal. In Archaeometallurgy in India, edited by V. Tirpathi, pp. 36—43. Sharada Publishing House, Delhi.
de Genouillac, H. 1930. Rapport sur les traveaux de la mission de Tello (IIè campaigne 1929—30). Revue D’assyriologie et D’archéologie Orientale 27(4):169—86.
Demarest, A. A. 1992. Archaeology, ideology and pre-Columbian cultural evolution: The search for an approach. In Ideology and pre-Columbian civilizations, edited by A. A. Demarest and G. W. Conrad, pp. 1—14. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.
Demarest, A. A. and G. W. Conrad, eds. 1992. Ideology and pre-Columbian civilizations. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.
de Mecquenem, R. 1943. Fouilles de Suse, 1933—1939: Suse, Tepe Bouhallan, Tepe Zohab. Mémoires de la Delegation Archéologique Française en Perse, 29, Paris.
Dikshit, K. N. 1924—25. Explorations, Western Circle, Sind, Mohenjo-daro. Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, 1924—25, pp. 63—73.
————. 1925—26. Exploration, Western Circle, Upper Sind Frontier district. Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, 1925—26, pp. 98—100.
————. 1984. The Harappan levels at Hulas. Man and Environment 8:99—102.
Dupree, L., ed. 1972. Prehistoric research in Afghanistan (1959—1966). Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 62(4).
Dupree, L., P. Gouin, and N. Omer. 1971. The Kosh Tapa hoard from north Afghanistan. Afghanistan 24(1):44—54.
During Caspers, E. C. L. 1972. Etched Carnelian Beads. Bulletin no. 10, Institute of Archaeology, University College, London.
————. 1973a. De handelsbetrekkingen van de Indusbeschaving in de ‘Perzische Golf in het IIIe mill. v. Chr. Phoenix 19:214—66.
————. 1973b. Sumer and Kulli meet at Dilmun in the Arabian Gulf. Archiv Für Orientforschung 24:128—32.
————. 1987. Was the dancing girl from Moenjo-daro a Nubian? Annali dell’Instituto Orientale di Napoli 47(1):99—105.
Durrani, F. A. 1988. Excavations in the Gomal Valley: Rehman Dheri excavation report, no. 1. Ancient Pakistan 6:1—204.
Dutta, P. C. 1983. The Bronze Age Harappans: A bio-anthropological study of the skeletons discovered at Harappa. Anthropological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Edens, C. 1993. Indus-Arabian interaction during the Bronze Age: A review of the evidence. In Harappan Civilization: A recent perspective, 2d ed., edited by G. L. Possehl, pp. 335—63. Oxford & IBH and the American Institute of Indian Studies, Delhi.
Ehrenriech, R. M., C. M. Crumley, and J. Levy, eds. 1995. Heterarchy and the analysis of complex societies. American Anthropological Association, Arlington.
Fairservis, W. A. 1956. Excavations in the Quetta Valley, West Pakistan. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 45(2).
————. 1959. Archaeological surveys in the Zhob and Loralai districts, West Pakistan. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 47(2).
————. 1961. The Harappan Civilization: New evidence and more theory. Novitates, no. 2055.
————. 1967. The origin, character and decline of an early civilization. Novitates, no. 2302.
————. 1975. Roots of ancient India. 2d ed. University of
Chicago Press, Chicago.
————. 1976. Excavations at the Harappan site of Allahdino: The seals and other inscribed material. Papers of the Allahdino Expedition, no. 1, New York.
————. 1986. Cattle and the Harappan chiefdoms of the Indus Valley. Expedition 28(2):43—50.
————. 1992. The Harappan Civilization and its writing. A model for the decipherment of the Indus script. Oxford & IBH, Delhi.
Flam, L. 1981. The Palaeogeography and prehistoric settlement patterns in Sind, Pakistan (4000—2000 B.C.). PhD. diss., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
————. 1984. Palaeogeography and prehistoric settlement patterns of the lower Indus Valley, Sind, Pakistan. In Studies in the archaeology and palaeoanthropology of South Asia, edited by K. A. R. Kennedy and G. L. Possehl, pp. 77—87. Oxford & IBH and the American Institute of Indian Studies, Delhi.
————. 1993. Excavations at Ghazi Shah, Sindh, Pakistan. In Harappan Civilization: A recent perspective, 2d ed., edited by G. L. Possehl, pp. 457—67. Oxford & IBH and the American Institute of Indian Studies, Delhi.
————. 1999. Ecology and population mobility in the prehistoric settlement of the lower Indus Valley, Sindh, Pakistan. In The Indus River: Biodiversity, resources, humankind, edited by A. Meadows and P. S. Meadows, pp. 313—23. Oxford University Press, Karachi.
Flannery, K. V. 1995. Prehistoric social evolution. In Research frontiers in anthropology, pp. 1—26. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Fleet,
J. F. 1912. Seals from Harappa. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 698—701.
Francfort, H.-P. 1986. Preliminary report (1983—1984): Archaeological and environmental researches in the Ghaggar (Saraswati) Plains. Man and Environment 10:97—100.
————. 1989. Fouilles de Shortughai: Recherches sur l’Asie Centrale Protohistorique. 2 vols. Diffusion de Boccard, Paris.
Franke-Vogt, U. 1989. Inscribed bangles: An inquiry into their relevance. In South Asian archaeology 1985, edited by K. Frifelt and P. Sorensen, pp. 237—46. Curzon Press, Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Occasional Papers no. 4, London.
————. 1991. Die Glyptik Aus Mohenjo-Daro: Uniformitat und Variabilitat in der Induskultur, Untersuchungen zur Typologie, Ikonographie und raumlichen Verteilung. 2 vols. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz.
————. 1992. Inscribed objects from Mohenjo-daro: Some remarks on stylistic variability and distribution patterns. In South Asian archaeology 1989, edited by C. Jarrige, pp. 103—12. Prehistory Press, Monographs in World Archaeology, no. 14, Madison.
Frankfort, H. 1933. Tell Asmar, Khafaje and Khorsabad: Second preliminary report of the Iraq expedition. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, no. 16, Chicago.
————. 1936. A new site in Mesopotamia: Tell Agrab, temples deserted 5000 years ago and a wealth of art relics, including fresh proof of Indo-Sumerian cultural association. Illustrated London News, September 12, pp. 432—36.
————. 1956. The art and architecture of the ancient Orient. Penguin History of Art, Baltimore.
Gadd, C. J. 1931. Sign-list of early Indus script: Part I. Some external features of writing. In Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Civilization, edited by J. Marshall, pp. 406—14. 3 vols. Arthur Probsthain, London.
————. 1932. Seals of ancient Indian style found at Ur. Proceedings of the British Academy 18:191—210.
Geddes, D. S. 1983. Neolithic transhumance in the Mediterranean Pyrenees. World Archaeology 15(1):51—66.
Ghosh, A. 1952. The Rajputana desert: Its archaeological aspect. Bulletin of the National Institute of Sciences in India 1:37—42.
————. 1953a. Exploration in Bikanir. Eastand West4(1):31—34.
————. 1953b. Fifty years of the Archaeological Survey of India. Ancient India 9:29—52.
————. 1962. The archaeological background. In Human skeletal remains from Harappa, edited by P. Gupta, P. C. Dutta, and A. Basu, pp. 1—5. Memoirs of the Anthropological Survey of India, no. 9, Calcutta.
————. 1965. The Indus Civilization: Its origins, authors, extent and chronology. In Indian prehistory: 1964, edited by V. N. Misra and M. S. Mate, pp. 113—24. Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Poona.
Gibson, M. 1977. An Indus Valley stamp seal from Nippur, Iraq. Man and Environment 1:67.
Godley, A. D., trans., 1926. Herodotus. Rev. ed., 4 vols. Harvard University Press, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge.
Goody, J. 1978. Literacy in traditional society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Government of India. 1884. Gazetteer of the Gujranwala district, 1883—84. Punjab Government, Lahore.
Griffith, R. T. H., trans. 1896. The hymns of the Rigveda. 2d ed. 2 vols. 1987 reprint. Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi.
Grigson, C. 1984. Some thoughts on unicorns and other cattle depicted at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa. In South Asian archaeology 1981, edited by B. Allchin, pp. 166—69. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Guha, B. S. and P. C. Basu. 1938. Report on the human remains excavated at Mohenjo-Daro in 1928—29. In Further excavations at Mohenjo—Daro, edited by E. J. H. Mackay, pp. 613—38. Government of India, Delhi.
Gupta, P., P. C. Dutta, and A. Basu. 1962. Human skeletal remains from Harappa. Memoirs of the Anthropological Survey of India, no. 9, Calcutta.
Gupta, S. P. 1978. Origin of the form of Harappa culture: A new proposition. Puratattva 8:141—46.
————. 1979. Archaeology of Soviet Central Asia and the Indian borderlands. 2 vols. B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi.
————, ed. 1989. An archaeological tour along the Ghaggar-Hakra River. Kusumanjali Prakashan, Meerut, India.
Hakimi, A. 1997. Shahdad. IsMEO, Roma.
Halim, M. A. 1972a. Excavation at Sarai Khola, part I. Pakistan Archaeology 7:23—89.
————. 1972b. Excavations at Sarai Khola, part II. Pakistan Archaeology 8:1—112.
Halim, M. A. and M. Vidale. 1984. Kilns, bangles and coated vessels. In Reports on field work carried out at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan 1982—83 by the IsMEO—Aachen University Mission, edited by M. Jansen and G. Urban, pp. 63—97. Interim Reports, vol. 1. RWTH/IsMEO, Aachen/Rome.
Hargreaves, H. 1929. Excavations in Baluchistan 1925, Sampur Mound, Mastung and Sohr Damb, Nal. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, no 35.
————. 1931. HR area. In Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Civilization, edited by J. Marshall, pp. 176—86. 3 vols. Arthur Probsthain, London.
Harlan, J. R. 1971. Agricultural origins: centers and noncenters. Science 174:468—74.
————. 1977. The origins of cereal agriculture in the Old World. In Origins of agriculture, edited by C. A. Reed, pp. 357—83. Mouton, The Hague.
Harvey, M. D. and S. A. Schumm. 1999. Indus River dynamics and the abandonment of Mohenjo-daro. In The Indus River: Biodiversity, resources, humankind, edited by A. Meadows and P. S. Meadows, pp. 333—48. Oxford University Press, Karachi.
Hawkes, J. 1982. Adventurer in archaeology: The biography of Sir Mortimer Wheeler. St. Martin’s, New York.
Heesterman, J. C. 1985. The inner conflict of tradition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Heimpel, W. 1982. A first step in the diorite question. Revue D’assyriologie et Archéologie Orientale 76(1):65—67.
————. 1987. Das Untere Meer. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 77:22—91.
Hemphill, B. E., J. R. Lukacs, and K. A. R. Kennedy. 1991. Biological adaptations and affinities of Bronze Age Harappans. In Harappa excavations 1986—1990: A multidisciplinary approach to third millennium urbanization, edited by R. H. Meadow, pp. 137—82. Prehistory Press, Monographs in World Archaeology, no. 3, Madison.
Hiebert, F. T. 1994. Origins of the Bronze Age oasis civilization in Central Asia. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, American School of Prehistoric Research, Bulletin no. 42, Cambridge.
Hiltebeitl, A. 1978. The Indus Valley “Proto-Siva,” reexamined through reflections on the goddess, the buffalo, and the symbolism of vahanas. Anthropos 73:767—97.
Holmes, D. A. 1968. The recent history of the Indus. Geographical Journal 134(3):367—82.
Hunter, G. R. 1932. Mohenjo daro—Indus epigraphy. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 466—503.
————. 1934. The script of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro and its connection with other scripts. Kegan Paul, London.
Huntington, S. L. 1985. The art of ancient India. Weatherhill, New York.
Hussain, M. 1989. Salvage excavation at Moenjodaro. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 37(1):89—98.
Indian Archaeology, A review. 1960—61. Excavations at Kalibangan, pp. 31—32, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi.
Indian Archaeology, A review.1961—62. Excavations at Burzahom, pp. 17—21, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi.
Indian Archaeology, A review. 1964—65. Excavations at Burzahom, p. 13, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi.
Indian Archaeology, A review. 1986—87. Palaeobotanical and pollen analytical investigations, Hulas, pp. 46—50, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi.
Ingholt, H. 1940. Rapport Préleminaire sur Sept Campaignes de Fouilles à Hamma en Syrie (1932—38). Archaeologisk-kunsthistoriske Meddelelser, III, 1. Det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen.
Jansen, M. 1983. Preliminary results of three years’ documentation at Mohenjo-daro. In Fo
rschungsprojekt DFG Mohenj odaro, edited by G. Urban and M. Jansen, pp. 21—35. Veroffentlichung des Geogatischen Instituts der Reinisch-Westfalischen Technischen Hochschule, nr. 34, Aachen.
————. 1984. Theoretical aspects of structural analysis for Mohenjo-daro. In Reports on field work carried out at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan 1982—83 by the IsMEO-Aachen University Mission, edited by M. Jansen and G. Urban, pp. 39—62. Interim Reports, vol. 1. RWTH/IsMEO, Aachen/ Rome.
————. 1985. Mohenjo-daro HR-A, house I, a temple? Analysis of an architectural structure. In South Asian archaeology 1983, edited by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei, pp. 157—206. Instituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici, Series Minor 23, Naples.
————. 1986. Die Indus Zivilization: Wiederentdeckung Einer Fruhen Hochkultur. DuMont Buchverlag, Koln.
————. 1987. Preliminary results on the “forma urbis” research at Mohenjo-Daro. In Reports on field work carried out at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 1983—84, edited by M. Jansen and G. Urban, pp. 9—22. Interim Reports, vol. 2. RWTH/ IsMEO, Aachen/Rome.
————. 1989a. Early cities: A comparative study of urban development. Lahore Museum Journal 2(1):5—14.
————. 1989b. Some problems regarding the forma urbis Mohenjo-Daro. In South Asian archaeology 1985, edited by K. Frifelt and P. Sorensen, pp. 247—56. Curzon Press, Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Occasional Papers no. 4, London.
————. 1993a. Mohenjo-daro: Stadt der brunnen und kanale (City of wells and drains), Wasserlexus vor 4500 jharan (Water splendor 4500 years ago). Frontinus-Gesellschafte. V., Dual German—English text. Bergisch Gladbach.
————. 1993b. Mohenjo-daro: Type site of the earliest urbanization process in South Asia. In Urban form and meaning in South Asia, edited by H. Spodek and D. M. Srinivasan, pp. 33—51. National Gallery of Art. Studies in the History of Art, 31. Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts Symposium Papers 15, Washington, D.C.
————. 1994. Mohenjo-daro, type site of the earliest urbanization process in South Asia: Ten years of research at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, and an attempt at synopsis. In South Asian Archaeology 1993, 2 vols., ed. A. Parpola and P. Koskikallio. pp. 263—80. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series B, vol. 271. Helsinki.
The Indus Civilization Page 45