The Indus Civilization
Page 50
rain; drainage systems and; dry-farming and
Rajasthan; population of
Rakhigarhi site; ceramics from; excavation at; plan of
Rang Mahal
Rangpur site
Rao, S. R.
Ratnagar, Shereen
Ravi River
recording, types of
red ocher
Red Sea
Region(s); Afghan-Baluch . See also Domains
religion(s); architecture and ; diversity of; evidence of; funerals and; Harappan . See also deity; devil; figurines; fires; Great Bath; Hinduism; Mahayogi; Mohenjodaro; motifs; Proto-Siva; Rgveda; Shaktism; specific sites; temples; traditions; water; yoga; zoolatry
research: on script; on subsistence system; types of
reservoirs
Rgveda: rivers in; text of
ring-kernoi
Rissman, P.
rituals. See figurines; fires; Great Bath; religions
rivers; changes in; fossils and; navigation of. See also floods; specific rivers
Rohri Hills
Rojdi site; architecture and; excavations at; plants in
roofs
Ropar site
Saar site
Sahni, D. R.: Harappa and; Mohenjo-daro and
Sai Hazara site
sand dunes
Sankalia, H. D.
Sankarananda, Swami
Sanskrit
Santhli site
Sarab site
Sarai Khola site
Sarasvati River; Early/ Mature Harappan and ; flow of; sites along
Sarcina, A.
Sargon of Akkad
Sastri, K. N.
sati
Sauer, Carl O.
Saurashtra site; chronology of; nihilism and; settlement history of. See also Sorath Harappans
Sayce, A. H.
script; deciphering; Dholavira and Harappan; length of; location of; logosyllabic; materials and; Proto-Elamite; research on. See also boustrophedon; pictographs; seals, stamp
sculpture; Bearded Man; Bronze Dancing Girls; Dancing Siva; Gray Stone Torso of a Dancer; Intercultural style; Lady of L Area; The Man from DK-B; Priest-King; Red Jasper Male Torso; Sad Man; Seated Man; The Stern Man. See also figurines
seafarers. See also maritime activities
“Seafaring Merchants of Ur” (Oppenheim)
seal(s): animals on; cylinder; of Divine Adoration; humans on; Mahayogi; swastika; types of; unicorn; workshops. See also motifs; Proto-Siva; specific sites
seals, stamp; copper tablet; furniture on; Harappan; maritime trade and; script and; square Indus; symbolic value of. See also script; specific sites; steatite
seasons
sectarianism
Seistan
settlement(s): data; layout of; patterns; size of; year-round
sewage. See privies
Sewell, R. B. Seymour
sexual symbols. See also figurines
Shaffer, Jim: chronology and; on fusion; on metallurgy; trade and
Shahdad site
Shahr-i Sokhta site
Shaktism
Sharma, A. K.
sheep
shells
Sheri Shan Tarakai site
Shortughai site
Sibri site
sickle blades
silver
Sindh site; Amri-Nal Phase of; Indus River and; Nal wares in; settlement history of. See also Mohenjo-daro
Sindhis
Singh, G.
Sir Mortimer Wheeler, the Archaeologist (film)
site(s); abandonment/disruptions of; alteration of; BMAC; chronology for Bronze Age; excavations of; food production; Indus Civilization; Kushan period; labor force at; linear; museums; Neolithic; overall structure of; on rivers; size of; unexcavated; unrecorded. See also burials; specific sites
Siwalik Hills
slag
slaves
smelting. See metallurgy
Smith, G.
Smith, Sidney
Snake Cave
societies; cemeteries and; pastoral; structure of
sociocultural systems: change of; faceless; nature of
Somnath site
Sorath Harappans; graffiti and artifacts
Sothi-Siswal Phase
Southworth, F.
specialists, career/craft; bureaucracy of state and; evidence of
Sri Lanka
Srinivasan, D.
stage(s): definition of; One; Three; Two. See also Burj Basket-marked Phase; Kili Ghul Mohammad Phase; Transitional Stage
state, archaic
statues
steatite; dehydration of; as fake carnelian; glazed; trade and
Stein, A.: at Amri; excavations by
stone(s); buildings and; ring; semiprecious; tools. See also lapidary industry
stoneware
storage: compartmentalized ; as economic function; rooms at Harappa; structures. See also godown; warehouses
stratigraphy
streets
structural functionalism
Subcontinent: archaeology of; BMAC and; cultural traditions and; populations of; prehistoric remains in
subsistence system; activities; changes in; maturation of; research on
Sullivan, H. P.
Sumer
Surkotada site
Susa
Sutkagen-dor site; excavations at; reconstruction of
Talpur Dynasty
taphonomic processes
Tarkhanwala Dera site
Tarut Island
Taxila
technology; bead; changes in; growth of; hydrological; innovation and; maritime. See also pyrotechnology
tectonics
tell
Tell Abu Salabikh site
Tell al’baid
Tell Asmar site
Tell Brak site
Tell Umma site
temples; absence of; at Altyn Depe; at Mohenjo-daro
Tepe Gawra site
Tepe Hissar site
Tepe Sialk site
Tepe Yahya site
terra-cotta cakes; textiles
Thapar, B. K.
Thar Desert
Tharo Waro Daro site
theocratic power
Tigris-Euphrates regions
Togau Phase
tools; animals and; bone; ground-stone; microlithic/nonmicrolithic; stone. See also knives
Tosi, M.
towns: planning of; port
toys. See also figurines
trade; agriculture and; artifact distribution and; ceramics and; evidence of; long-distance; maritime; in Quetta Valley; raw materials and. See also communication; Dilmun site; Magan site; maritime activities; Meluhha site; Mesopotamia; seals, stamp
traditions
Transitional Stage; Amri Period II as; burning and; chronology of; nihilism and
triangles
Turan
Turkmenia
turquoise
type fossil
typology
Ullah, Mohammad Sana
ulus
unicorn: motifs; seals
University of Peshawar
Upper Paleolithic occupation
Ur: maritime trade and; Royal Graves of; seals from
urbanization; as ideology; rise/fall of. See also deurbanization
Uttar Pradesh
Uzbekistan
variables, independent v. dependent
vase, Bactrian
Vats, M. S.: on faience; at Mohenjodaro; sculpture and; on seals
Vavilov, N.
Vedas: Aryans and; ethnic diversity and; holy river in; ideology and. See also myths; periods; Proto-Siva; Rgveda; Sanskrit
vehicles
Vidale, M.
villages
viniculture
Vinogradov, A.
Volchok, B.
Walker, B.
walls. See also circumvallation
warehouse(s); function of; plans
ware(s): Ahar; Amri; Banas; common; Faiz Mohammad Grey
; Hakra; Nal; Northern Black Polished; Painted Gray; Quetta; red; Reserved Slipped; soft; Togau. See also Hakra Wares Phase; Painted Gray Ware Phase; stoneware
warfare
wasserluxus: at Dholavira; as ideology
Wasson
wasters
water; ideology and; management system. See also dams; Great Bath; wasserluxus
Wavell, Archibald
wealth
weather
weaving
weights
wells; circular; deaths in; quantity of. See also bricks; specific sites
wheat; absence of wild; domestication of
Wheeler, Mortimer; on Aryan invasion; on climatic change; on Indus peoples; on religion; subregions and; on town planning; training by; on Transition Stage. See also paradigms
windows
World War II
Wright, R.
writing; beginnings of; change/direction of; deciphering; language and; purpose of; quality of. See also boustrophedon; language; script; seals, stamp
Yahya
Yamuna River
yoga. See also Proto-Siva
Yoga Sutra (Patanjali)
Zagros Mountains
zebu: as domesticated cattle; motifs
Zend-Avesta
zoolatry
Zvelebil, K.
About the Author
Gregory L. Possehl is a professor of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and curator of the Asian Collections at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. He has been engaged in archaeological research in India and Pakistan since 1964, when he first visited the great ancient city of Mohenjo-daro with his mentor Professor Walter A. Fairservis.
Professor Possehl has been associated with excavations at many sites in the subcontinent, from Iron Age megaliths to Mesolithic encampments. Most of his research has been on the villages and towns of the Indus Civilization. He directed the excavations at Rojdi in Gujarat for seven seasons and is now engaged in investigating Gilund in southern Rajasthan, an important site on the eastern borderlands of the Indus Civilization.
Possehl has written and edited a number of books on the Indus Civilization and related topics. His most recent works are titled Indus Age: The Beginnings and Indus Age: The Writing System. These books chart the early history of the ancient cities of the Indus and investigate their undeciphered writing system.