Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1
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67. William M. Clark to Lewis Thompson, 10 Jan. 1861, quoted ibid.
68. Thomas K. Thomas to Henry C. Carey, Louisburg, 3 Nov. 1860, Carey Papers in the Gardiner Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
69. Mason’s speech in the U. S. Senate, Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 56 (11 Dec. 1860).
70. Thomas B. Webster, Jr., to John Sherman, St. Louis, 15 Nov. 1860, Sherman Papers, DLC.
71. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 20 Dec., Cincinnati Commercial, 24 Dec. 1860.
72. George E. Baker, ed., The Works of William H. Seward (5 vols.; Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1884), 4:344.
73. Chicago Democrat, 27 July 1860, copied in the New York Herald, 1 Aug. 1860.
74. John Bigelow to William Hargraves, New York, 10 Nov. 1860, Bigelow Papers, New York Public Library.
75. James Buchanan to Nahum Capen, Wheatland, 27 Aug. 1856, in John Bassett Moore, ed., The Works of James Buchanan (12 vols.; Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1908–1911), 2:180.
76. Evansville Daily Journal, 13 Nov. 1860, quoted in Elmer Duane Elbert, “Southern Indiana Politics on the Eve of the Civil War, 1858–1861” (Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, 1967), 164.
77. George B. Lincoln to Schuyler Colfax, Chicago, 29 Dec. 1860, Lincoln Collection, RPB.
78. William M. Reynolds to Edward McPherson, Springfield, 12 Feb. 1861, McPherson Papers, DLC.
79. Albany Evening Journal, 19 and 24 Nov. 1860.
80. Joseph R. Hawley to his father, Washington, 7 Jan. 1861, Hawley Papers, DLC.
81. George G. Fogg to Horace Greeley, St. Louis, 1 Dec. 1860, Greeley Papers, DLC.
82. Springfield correspondence by Gustave Koerner, 18 Nov. 1860, St. Louis Westliche Post, n.d., in Thomas J. McCormack, ed., Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809–1896 (2 vols.; Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch Press, 1909), 2:105.
83. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, Cincinnati Commercial, n.d., copied in the New York Evening Post, 17 Dec. 1860.
84. Richard C. Parsons to John Sherman, Cleveland, 12 Dec. 1860, John Sherman Papers, DLC.
85. Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 24 (6 Dec. 1859).
86. Ibid., 572 (25 Jan. 1860).
87. New York Tribune, 20 Nov. 1860.
88. Chicago Tribune, 27 Nov. 1860.
89. Chandler to Austin Blair, Washington, 11 Feb. 1861, Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 1247 (27 Feb. 1861).
90. Z. Chandler to James Watson Webb, Washington, 20 Feb. 1858, James Watson Webb Papers, Yale University.
91. Z. Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, Detroit, 13 Nov. 1860, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.
92. Smith D. Atkins to Elihu B. Washburne, Rockford, Illinois, 15 Feb. 1861, Washburne Papers, DLC.
93. Frank Blair to [Montgomery Blair], 23 Nov. 1860, Blair Papers, Princeton University.
94. Gustave Koerner to Lyman Trumbull, Belleville, 10 Dec. 1860, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
95. Koerner, Memoirs, 2:108–109.
96. Herndon to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 21 Dec. 1860, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
97. Herndon to Theodore Parker, Springfield, 10 Mar. 1857, Herndon-Parker Papers, University of Iowa.
98. Grimes to his wife, Washington, 16 Dec. 1860, in William Salter, The Life of James W. Grimes, Governor of Iowa, 1854–1858, A Senator of the United States, 1859–1869 (New York: Appleton, 1876), 132.
99. Elbert, “Southern Indiana Politics on the Eve of the Civil War,” 164–165.
100. Indianapolis Indiana American, 21 Nov. 1860, in Howard Cecil Perkins, ed., Northern Editorials on Secession (2 vols.; New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1942), 1:97.
101. John Haywood to S. S. Cox, Westerville, Ohio, 2 Jan. 1861, Cox Papers, RPB.
102. Evansville, Indiana, Daily Journal, 12 Feb. 1861.
103. Grimes to Samuel J. Kirkwood, Washington, 28 Jan. 1861, in Salter, Grimes, 133–134.
104. Charles Sumner to John A. Andrew, Washington, 3 Feb. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
105. Washington correspondence, 7 Jan., Boston Daily Advertiser, 11 Jan. 1861.
106. James A. Dix to N. P. Banks, Boston, 15 Feb. 1861, and George S. Boutwell to Banks, Washington, 22 Feb. 1861, Banks Papers, DLC.
107. A. K. McClure to Edward McPherson, Harrisburg, 27 Feb. [1861], Edward McPherson Papers, DLC.
108. Washington correspondence by “Independent” (James E. Harvey), 26 Dec., Philadelphia North American and United States Gazette, 27 Dec. 1860.
109. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Washington], 19 Jan. 1861, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
110. Interview with Lincoln, Springfield correspondence, 14 Nov., New York Evening Post, 19 Nov. 1860.
111. Samuel Haycraft to Lincoln, Elizabethtown, Kentucky, 9 Nov. 1860, AL MSS DLC.
112. Memorandum by John G. Nicolay, Springfield, 5 Nov. 1860, Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 7–8.
113. Sanford to William C. Rives, n.p., n.d., draft, Sanford Papers, Sanford, Florida, quoted in Joseph A. Fry, Henry S. Sanford: Diplomacy and Business in Nineteenth-Century America (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1982), 31.
114. Lincoln to Smith, Springfield, 10 Nov. 1860, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 4:138.
115. Springfield correspondence, 14 Nov., New York Evening Post, 19 Nov. 1860.
116. Thomas Marshall, speech in the Illinois Senate, 1 Feb., Illinois State Register (Springfield), 5 Feb. 1861.
117. John G. Nicolay, memorandum, 15 Nov. 1860, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 10.
118. John G. Nicolay, memorandum, 16 Nov. 1860, ibid., 10–11.
119. George Robertson to John J. Crittenden, Lexington, Kentucky, 16 Dec. 1860, Crittenden Papers, DLC.
120. Lincoln to Nathaniel P. Paschall, Springfield, 16 Nov. 1860, CWL, 4:140.
121. Lincoln to Thurlow Weed, Springfield, 17 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:154.
122. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 19 Nov., New York Herald, 20 Nov. 1860.
123. Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 14 Nov. 1860.
124. Medill to Ozias M. Hatch, Chicago, 16 Nov. 1860, Hatch Papers, IHi.
125. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 20 Nov., New York Herald, 21 Nov. and 4 Dec. 1860.
126. L. F. Holbrook to Lincoln, New York, 12 Nov. 1860, AL MSS DLC.
127. CWL, 4:141–142.
128. Lincoln to Raymond, Springfield, 28 Nov. 1860, ibid., 4:145–146.
129. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 1 Dec., New York Herald, 6 Dec. 1860.
130. Cincinnati Enquirer, 10 Apr. 1861, 27 Dec. 1860, quoted in John Thomas Hubbell, “The Northern Democracy and the Crisis of Disunion, 1860–1861” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1969), 234, 233.
131. Fragment of a speech intended for Kentuckians, ca. 12 Feb. 1861, CWL, 4:200–201.
132. Springfield correspondence, 3 Nov., New York World, n.d., copied in the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 8 Nov. 1860.
133. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 Jan. 1861.
134. CWL, 4:175–176.
135. George Sumner to John A. Andrew, Springfield, 21 Jan. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
136. Springfield correspondence by “Illinois,” 8 Feb., Boston Atlas and Bee, 13 Feb. 1861.
137. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 7 Dec., New York Herald, 15 Dec. 1860.
138. Chicago correspondence by G. P., 14 Dec., Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 17 Dec. 1860.
139. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 7, 20 Dec., New York Herald, 15, 25 Dec. 1860, and Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 20 Dec., Cincinnati Commercial, 26 Dec. 1860.
140. Herman Kreismann to Edward Lillie Pierce, Washington, 11 Jan. 1861, E. L. Pierce Papers, Harvard U
niversity.
141. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 20 Dec. 1860.
142. Ibid., 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 26, 29 Nov.; 7, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20 Dec. 1860; 13 Jan. 1861.
143. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 18 Dec. 1860.
144. Linton Stephens to Alexander H. Stephens, Sparta, Georgia, 8 Feb. 1861, Alexander H. Stephens Papers, Manhattanville College, Purchase, New York.
145. Stephens to J. Henly Smith, Crawfordsville, [Georgia], 10 July 1860, in Ulrich B. Phillips, ed., The Correspondence of Robert Toombs, Alexander H. Stephens, and Howell Cobb (Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1911; 2 vols.; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1913), 2:487.
146. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 30 Nov., New York Herald, 1 Dec. 1860.
147. Lincoln to Stephens, Springfield, 22 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:160.
148. Thornwell, “The State of the Country” (pamphlet; New Orleans: True Witness and Sentinel Office, 1861), in Jon L. Wakelyn, ed., Southern Pamphlets on Secession, November 1860–April 1861 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 162.
149. Kenneth Rayner to Caleb Cushing, Raleigh, 9 Dec. 1860, Cushing Papers, DLC.
150. James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789–1897 (10 vols.; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1896–1899), 5:626.
151. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 22 Jan. 1861.
152. Seward to his wife, Washington, 7 Dec. 1860, Frederick W. Seward, Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State: A Memoir of His Life, with Selections from His Letters (2 vols.; New York: Derby and Miller, 1891), 1:480.
153. James Barbour to Frederic Bancroft, 24 Aug. 1893, Frederic Bancroft, The Life of William H. Seward (2 vols.; New York: Harper and Brothers, 1900), 2:32n.
154. Gilmer to W. A. Graham, 5 Dec. 1860, in Patrick Michael Sowle, “The Conciliatory Republicans during the Winter of Secession” (Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 1963), 52.
155. [J. Beatty?] to Sherman, 23 Dec. 1860, quoted ibid., 73.
156. Spaulding to Weed, Washington, 22 Dec. 1860, Weed Papers, University of Rochester.
157. John S. Phelps to Samuel Treat, Washington, 18 Dec. 1860, Treat Papers, Missouri Historical Society.
158. CWL, 3:369.
159. Lincoln to Kellogg, Springfield, 11 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:150.
160. Reminiscences of A. H. Markland, New York Tribune, 2 Aug. 1885.
161. Lincoln to E. B. Washburne, Springfield, 13 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:151.
162. Lincoln to Trumbull, Springfield, 10 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:149–150.
163. Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 17 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:153.
164. Lincoln to John. D. Defrees, Springfield, 18 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:155.
165. Lincoln to Curtin, Springfield, 21 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:158.
166. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 12 Dec., New York Herald, 17 Dec. 1860.
167. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 17 Dec. 1860.
168. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 17 Dec., New York Herald, 21 Dec. 1860.
169. George Sumner to John A. Andrew, Springfield, 21 Jan. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
170. E. Peshine Smith to Henry C. Carey, Rochester, 16 Dec. 1860, Henry C. Carey Papers in the Edward Carey Gardiner Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
171. Justin S. Morrill to his wife, Washington, 7 Dec. 1860, Morrill Papers, DLC.
172. Edward McPherson, ed., The Political History of the United States of America During the Great Rebellion (2nd ed.; Washington, DC: Philp & Solomons, 1865), 37.
173. David Clopton to Clement C. Clay, 13 Dec. 1860, in Clement Eaton, A History of the Southern Confederacy (New York: Macmillan, 1954), 12.
174. Lincoln to John A. Gilmer, Springfield, 15 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:151–152.
175. Charleston Mercury, 13 Oct. 1860.
176. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 11 Dec., New York Herald, 15 Dec. 1860.
177. Lincoln to H. J. Raymond, Springfield, 18 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:156.
178. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 19 Dec., New York Herald, 24 Dec. 1860.
179. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard., 20 Dec., Cincinnati Commercial, 24 Dec. 1860.
180. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 25 Jan. 1861.
181. Springfield correspondence, 28 Jan., New York Evening Post, 1 Feb. 1861.
182. Herring Chrisman to William C. Rives, Springfield, 7 Feb. 1861, Rives Papers, DLC.
183. Isaac N. Arnold, The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery (Chicago: Clarke, 1866), 184.
184. Albany Evening Journal, 17 Dec. 1860.
185. Gideon Welles, Lincoln and Seward (New York: Sheldon, 1874), 23.
186. Weed, Autobiography, 604–605.
187. Springfield correspondence, 20 Dec., New York World, 21 Dec. 1860; Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 20 Dec., New York Herald, 21 Dec. 1860; Lincoln to Trumbull, Springfield, 21 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:158.
188. Green to Buchanan, Springfield, 28 Dec. 1860, Buchanan Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
189. Lincoln to Duff Green, Springfield, 28 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:162–163.
190. Ibid., 4:200–201.
191. Lincoln to James T. Hale, Springfield, 11 Jan. 1861, ibid., 4:172.
192. W. J. Gregg to Lyman Trumbull, Paris, Illinois, 6 Feb. 1861, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
193. Charleston Mercury and the Augusta Constitutionalist, quoted in William L. Barney, The Secessionist Impulse: Alabama and Mississippi in 1860 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), 202.
194. Charles Francis Adams diary, 22 Dec. 1861, Adams Family Papers, MHi.
195. Henry Wilson to William S. Robinson, Washington, 16 Dec. 1860, in William S. Robinson, “Warrington” Pen-Portraits: A Collection of Personal and Political Reminiscences (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1877), 93.
196. Schurz to his wife, Boston, 24 Dec. 1860, Frederic Bancroft, ed., Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz (6 vols.; New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913), 1:177.
197. Julian to S. S. Boyd, n.p., n.d. [Jan. 1861], Julian Papers, Indiana State Library, Indianapolis.
198. Giddings to George W. Julian, Jefferson, Ohio, 14 Dec. 1860, Giddings-Julian Papers, DLC; Giddings to Gerrit Smith, Jefferson, Ohio, 29 Dec. 1860, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.
199. Frank Blair to Montgomery Blair, St. Louis, 14 Feb. 1861, Blair Family Papers, DLC.
200. Sumner to Joseph R. Hawley, Washington, 31 Jan. 1861, Hawley Papers, DLC.
201. Edward L. Pierce to Sumner, Boston, 31 Dec. 1860, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
202. Ray to John A. Andrew, Springfield, 17 Jan. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
203. Lincoln to Cuthbert Bullitt, Washington, 28 July 1862, CWL, 5:344.
204. Detroit Free Press, 29 Jan. 1861, quoted in Hubbell, “Northern Democracy and the Crisis of Disunion,” 103.
205. New Orleans Bee, n.d., copied in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 9 May 1861, quoted ibid., 197.
206. “The Border Slave States and the Cotton States,” Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 24 Dec. 1860.
207. New Orleans Bee, n.d., copied in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 9 May 1861, quoted in Hubbell, “Northern Democracy and the Crisis of Disunion,” 198.
208. George S. Converse to S. S. Cox, Columbus, 9 Jan. 1861, Cox Papers, RPB.
209. John A. McClernand to S. S. Cox, Cairo, 4 Dec. 1861, ibid.
Chapter 18. “What If I Appoint Cameron, Whose Very Name Stinks in the Nostrils of the People for His Corruption?”
1. William H. Herndon and Jesse W. Weik, Herndon’s Lincoln, ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis (1889; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 284.
2. Thurlow Weed Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed Including His Autobiography and a Memoir (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884), 1:605–606.
3. J. W. Shaffer to Elihu B.
Washburne, Freeport, 29 Jan. 1861, Washburne Papers, DLC.
4. “Lincoln’s Time of Agony,” reminiscences of Joseph Gillespie, Springfield correspondence, 2 Feb., New York Tribune, 5 Feb. 1888.
5. John W. Bunn to Isaac N. Phillips, Springfield, 8 Nov. 1910, in Isaac N. Phillips, ed., Abraham Lincoln by Some Men Who Knew Him (Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph, 1910), 163–164.
6. Hay to John G. Nicolay, Warsaw, Illinois, 22 Nov. 1872; Hay to Charles Hay, Paris, 9 Sept. 1866, letterpress copy, both in the Hay Papers, RPB; Hay to William H. Herndon, Paris, 5 Sept. 1866, in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 110.
7. Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918), 104.
8. Montgomery Blair to Gideon Welles, Washington, 17 May 1873, Welles Papers, DLC.
9. William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston: T. O. H. P. Burnham, 1863), 34.
10. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 28 Nov., New York Herald, 2 Dec. 1860; Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 28 Nov., Cincinnati Commercial, 1 Dec. 1860.
11. T. L. Cuyler to the editor of the Evangelist, n.d., copied in the Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 20 Dec. 1860.
12. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 26 Nov., Cincinnati Commercial, n.d., copied in the Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 4 Dec. 1860; John G. Nicolay, memorandum of a conversation between Lincoln and Edward Bates, 15 Dec. 1860, Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 18.
13. Lincoln to Trumbull, Springfield, 8 Dec. 1860, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 4:149.
14. Lincoln to Seward, Springfield, 8 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:148.
15. Howard Carroll, Twelve Americans: Their Lives and Times (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1883), 154.
16. Barnes, Weed Autobiography, 1:605–606, 611; 2:294.
17. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Washington], 20 Feb. 1861, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum.