179. James Harlan to William Penn Clarke, Washington, 26 Jan. 1861, Clarke Papers, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines.
180. Charles B. Sedgwick to Israel Washburn, Washington, 25 Jan. 1861, Gaillard Hunt, Israel, Elihu and Cadwallader Washburn: A Chapter in American Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1925), 91–92.
181. William M. Browne to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington 14 Jan. 1861, Barlow Papers, CSmH.
182. Stevens to Chase, Washington, 3 Feb. 1861, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (2 vols.; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997–1998), 1:200.
183. Mrs. George Schuyler to [Henry W. Bellows], n. p., n.d., Bellow Papers, MHi.
184. George G. Fogg to Gideon Welles, Cincinnati, 27 Jan. 1861, Welles Papers, IHi; Lincoln to Seward, Springfield, 19 Jan. 1861, CWL, 4:176.
185. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 6 Feb. 1861.
186. Springfield correspondence, 19 Jan., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 21 Jan. 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 19.
187. Seward to Lincoln, Washington, 27 Jan. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
188. Lincoln to Seward, Springfield, 1 Feb. 1861, CWL, 4:183.
189. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 6 Jan., New York Herald, 10 Jan. 1861.
190. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 Jan. 1861.
191. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 24 Jan. 1861.
192. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 21, 26 Jan., Cincinnati Commercial, 25, 29 Jan. 1861; Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 22 Jan., New York Herald, 23 Jan. 1861.
193. Chattanooga Gazette, n.d., copied in the New York World, 28 Nov. 1860.
194. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), n.d., quoted in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 1 Feb. 1861.
195. Adams, Secession Winter, 25.
196. Sherman to Frank Blair, Washington, 9 Feb. 1861, Blair Papers, DLC.
197. Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., Washington, 24 Jan. 1861, in Levenson, ed., Letters of Henry Adams, 1:225.
198. Washington correspondence by James Shepherd Pike, 24 Jan., New York Tribune, 26 Jan. 1861.
199. Washington correspondence by Observer, 27 Feb., New York Times, 1 Mar. 1861.
200. Charles Sumner to John A. Andrew, Washington, 18 Jan. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
201. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Washington], 14 Feb. 1861, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
202. Undated letter in Seward, Seward at Washington, 1:502.
203. Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., Washington, 8 Feb. 1861, in Levenson, ed., Letters of Henry Adams, 1:230.
204. Adams, Secession Winter, 24.
205. Seward to his wife, [Washington, 15 Feb. 1861], Seward, Seward at Washington, 1:505.
206. William C. Rives to William C. Rives, Jr., 27 Jan. 1861, W. C. Rives Papers, DLC.
207. David Donald, Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 20.
208. Varina Davis, Jefferson Davis, Ex-President of the Confederate States of America: A Memoir by His Wife (New York: Belford, 1890), 581.
209. Montgomery Blair to Gideon Welles, Washington, 17 May 1873, Welles Papers, DLC.
210. James Lyons to Allen B. Magruder, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, 21 Aug. 1875, Southern Historical Society Papers 7:354–355.
211. Fogg to Lincoln, Washington, 2 Feb. 1861, draft, Fogg Papers, New Hampshire Historical Society.
212. William Jayne to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 28 Jan. 1861, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
213. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 30 Jan. 1861.
214. William Jayne to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 2 Feb. 1861, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
215. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925–1933), 1:453 (entry for 9 Feb. 1861).
216. Godlove Orth to Oliver P. Morton, Washington, 21 Feb. 1861, William Dudley Foulke Papers, Indiana State Library, Indianapolis.
217. John G. Nicolay, memorandum, 22 Dec. 1860, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 21.
218. J[ames] H. v[an] A[len] to Horace Greeley, St. Louis, 21 Dec. 1860, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.
219. Horace White to Edward L. Pierce, n.p., n.d., quoted in Pierce to Charles Sumner, Boston, 3 Jan. 1861, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
220. Sidney Webster to Caleb Cushing, New York, 5 Jan. 1861, Caleb Cushing Papers, DLC.
221. John Pendleton Kennedy to Phillips C. Pendleton, Baltimore, 10 Feb. 1861, copy, Kennedy Letterbooks, Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore.
222. Morgan Dix, ed., Memoirs of John Adams Dix (2 vols.; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1883) 1:345.
223. Lincoln to E. B. Washburne, Springfield, 21 Dec. 1860, CWL, 4:159.
224. Lincoln to F. P. Blair Sr., Springfield, 21 Dec. 1860, ibid., 4:157.
225. Washington correspondence, 6 Jan., New York Herald, 7 Jan. 1861.
226. Simon Cameron to Lincoln, Washington, 3 Jan. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
227. Scott to Lincoln, Washington, 4 Jan. 1861, ibid.
228. Jesse W. Weik, “How Lincoln Was Convinced of General Scott’s Loyalty,” Century Magazine, Feb. 1911, 594.
229. Wilson and Davis, eds., Herndon’s Lincoln, 286–287.
230. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 25 Dec. 1860.
231. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 23 Dec., New York Herald, 27 Dec. 1860.
232. Springfield correspondence by T. W., 7 Feb., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 Feb. 1861.
233. A. H. Chapman to Lincoln, Charleston, Illinois, 3 Jan. 1861, National Archives, Washington, DC.
234. Wilson and Davis, eds., Herndon’s Lincoln, 289–290.
235. Dall, “Journal of a tour through Illinois, Wisconsin and Ohio, Oct. & Nov. 1866,” entry for 29 Oct. 1866, Dall Papers, Bryn Mawr College.
236. Elhanan J. Searle, a student in the Lincoln-Herndon law office, observed this episode, which his son, Judge Charles J. Searle, recounted to Joseph B. Oakleaf. Oakleaf memorandum, 14 Feb. 1925, Oakleaf Papers, InU.
237. Nathan Allen diary, entry for 1 Feb. 1861, Missouri Historical Society.
238. “Lincoln’s Time of Agony,” reminiscences of Joseph Gillespie, Springfield correspondence, 2 Feb., New York Tribune, 5 Feb. 1888.
239. W. H. L. Wallace to his wife Ann, Springfield, 11 Jan. 1861, Wallace-Dickey Papers, IHi.
240. Koerner to Lyman Trumbull, Belleville, 21 Jan. 1861, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
241. Jones’s recollections in Cincinnati Commercial, 18 Oct. 1871, in John G. Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Personal Appearance,” Century Magazine 42 (1891): 933.
242. “Lincoln’s Time of Agony,” reminiscences of Joseph Gillespie, Springfield correspondence, 2 Feb., New York Tribune, 5 Feb. 1888.
243. James C. Conkling to Clinton L. Conkling, Springfield, 12 February 1861, in Pratt ed., Concerning Mr. Lincoln, 50.
244. CWL, 4:190.
245. Springfield correspondence, 11 February, New York Tribune, 12 February 1861.
246. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 12 February 1861.
247. New York World, 12 February 1861; Chicago Press and Tribune, 23 February 1861.
248. Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st session, 1198 (19 March 1864).
INDEX
Entries for newspapers may appear under the newspaper’s title or the place of publication.
Abell, Elizabeth, 80–81, 98, 100, 169, 171, 172, 176, 199
abolitionism: AL on, 125–26, 228–29
anti, 142
compensation for slaveholders and, 289–92
Garrison and, 632
Herndon on, 525
Linder on, 276
Palmer on, 425
Pierce, E.L., on, 638
of slavery, 110, 122–27
Springfield’s condemnation of, 123. See also antislavery; Garrison, W.; Giddings, J.R.; Phillips, W.
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 479
Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., 479, 629, 684, 690, 708, 715
cabinet appointment for, 733, 742, 747, 751, 752
Adams, Henry, 479, 692, 697, 720, 745, 751–52
Adams, James, 386
elections and, 133–36
forgery accusation against, 135–36
Adams, John Quincy, 107, 157, 159, 260, 264, 266, 267, 306, 373, 638
Addison, Joseph, Cato, 444
African Americans, 551–52
Chicago (Illinois) Times, 489
Illinois State Register on, 489
Illinois’ voting rights exclusion of, 103–4, 108–10
suffrage in North, 103–4, 108–10, 154–55
U.S. Declaration of Independence and, 440, 450
Washington, D.C.’s population of, 259. See also slavery
Agassiz, Louis, 104, 368
AL. See Lincoln, Abraham
Albany (New York) Atlas and Argus, 630–31
Albany (New York) Evening Journal, 446, 603, 638, 644, 712
Alexander, Jerediah F., 518
Alexander, Milton K., 354
Allen, Charles, 280, 344–46
Allen, Cyrus M., 608–9, 741
Allen, Ethan, 54
Allen, George T., 399–400
Allen, John, 59, 100
Allen, Robert, 105, 175
Alley, Nelson, 77
Allison, John, 422
“Almanac Trial,” 342–46
Alsop, Thomas, 124, 232
Alton, Illinois: AL debates Douglas at, 537–45
Alton (Illinois) Courier, 412, 418, 475
Ambos, Charles, 560
Ambos, Peter, 560
American Antislavery Society, 122, 124, 463, 636
American Colonization Society, 396
American Party, 407, 431, 549
members, 613, 660
newspaper, 660
votes, 610. See also Know-Nothing party
American Tract Society, 538
Anderson, John A., 245
Anderson, Joseph A., 134
Anderson, Mary, 134, 136
Anderson, Richard, 134, 136
Anderson, (Major) Robert, 68, 755
Anderson, William, 158–59
Andrew, John A., 253, 613–14, 618, 624, 638, 658, 743–44
Angle, Paul M., 617
antislavery, 112, 124, 140–42, 228–29
AL’s speeches on, 140–42
convention, 413–14
Democrats, 363
Giddings on, 284–94, 397, 408–9, 525
Gillespie on, 411
Phillips, W., on, 637–38
Trumbull on, 525–26
in Washington, D.C., 284, 502
Wilson, H., on, 526. See also abolitionism
Archer, William B., 422–23
Armstrong, Hannah, 60, 81, 98, 100, 199, 342, 345, 346
Armstrong, Hugh, 82, 96
Armstrong, Jack, 61–62, 79, 100, 102, 342–43, 346
Armstrong, Joseph D., 17
Armstrong, William “Duff,” 342–46
Arnez, Francis, 102
Arnold, Benedict, 269, 401
Arnold, Charles, 207, 211
Arnold, Isaac N., 185, 316, 321, 373
Asbury, Henry, 501
Ashmore, Gideon, 250
Ashmun, George, 266, 269, 274, 276, 523, 527–28, 620–21, 624
AL and, 640–41
Atchison, David Rice, 390
Atlantic Monthly, 446
Atwood, Jesse, 658–59
Augusta (Georgia) Constitution, 688
Aurora (Illinois) Beacon, 573
Aurora (Illinois) Guardian, 393
Aurora, Illinois, Republican platform of 1854, 490–91, 533
Bachman, John, 104
Bacon, Leonard, Slavery Discussed in Occasional Essays from 1833 to 1846, 377
Baddeley, John W., 132
Badeau, Adam, 200
Bailey, Gamaliel, 287, 290, 303
Bailey vs. Cromwell, 252
Bailhache, Ada, 180
Bailhache, Preston, 208
Bailhache, William H., 582, 757
Baker, Edward D., 71, 83, 86–87, 120, 132, 146, 147, 149, 153, 161, 172, 184, 225, 226, 264, 268, 296–98, 302–3, 609
cases of, 341–42
debates, 150–52
personal qualities of, 213–14
political campaigns of, 136–37, 213–18, 231–41
Baker, Edward Lewis, 180, 615
Baker, Henry S., 400
Baker, Jesse, 60
Baker, Julia Edwards, 180, 181
Baker, Samuel L., 453
Baker, William T., 207
Balch, George B., 8
Baldwin, Eugene F., 420
Baldwin, John D., 618, 744
Baldwin, Jonathan B., 368
Ballinger, Richard H., 375
Baltimore (Maryland) American, 268
Baltimore (Maryland) Sun, 291
Baltimore (Maryland) Turnzeitung, 570
Bancroft, George, 112, 565, 584
“The Necessity, the Reality, and the Promise of the Progress of the Human Race,” 443
Bangor (Maine) Courier, 471
Bank of Illinois, 113–14
repeal of 1835 charter, 138
specie payments and, 162
Bank of the United States, 96, 150–52, 480
banks: hostility toward, 137
investigation of state, 147
in Missouri, 143
subtreasury plans for, 143–44, 150–52
Van Buren’s proposals for, 143–44
Banks, Nathaniel P., 421, 446, 559, 619, 658
AL and, 563, 572, 742–43
candidacy of, 625
Baptists, 20, 40, 48, 57
New Salem, 57–58. See also Christian religion and doctrines
Barber, Henry, 579
Barbour, James, 708
Barclay, James, 36
Barney, Hiram, 591–92, 735
Barnwell, Robert, 689–90
Barret vs. The Alton and Sangamon Railroad Company, 335
Barrett, James A., 335
Barrett, Richard F., 82, 295
Barringer, Daniel M., 261
Barry, Charles A., 658–59
Barton, William E., 40
Bateman, Newton, 467, 657
Bates, Edward, 420, 431, 559, 575, 579–82, 583, 646, 713, 728, 733, 736, 739, 743
AL and, 642–43
candidacy of, 595–96, 599, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610, 614, 618, 619, 622–23
offer to, 725–26, 738
Beardstown (Illinois) Chronicle, 102
Beardstown (Illinois) Gazette, 231
Beaver vs. Taylor & Gilbert, 339
Beckwith, Hiram W., 316–17, 321, 487
on debates, 523–24
Beecher, Henry Ward, 462, 582, 591
Bell, John, 453, 597, 604, 629, 640, 659, 661–62, 689
Belleville (Illinois) Advocate, 269, 419
Belmont, August, 682
Benedict, Kirby, 329–30
Benjamin, Judah P., 556, 690
Bennett, James Gordon, 668, 672
Bennett, John, 149, 161, 217, 431
Benton, Thomas Hart, 74, 249, 266
Bernays, Charles L., 480
Berry, John M., 75–76, 84, 99–100
Berry, Polly Ewing, 12–13
Berry, Richard, 12–13
Berry, Samuel, 88
Berry, William Franklin, 75, 84, 88
Bigelow, Jacob, 290
Bigelow, John, 647, 689, 694
Bigler, William, 519–20
Bingham, Kingsley, 729
Binmore, Henry, 497–500
Birch, Jonathan, 347–48
Birchall, Caleb, 271, 300
Birney, James G., 228, 280, 462, 738
Bissell, William H., 291, 381, 393
, 398, 433
AL and, 515, 579
political campaigns of, 411–16, 421, 432, 547
Black, William, 175
Black Hawk War: Clary’s Grove Boys, 67
Illinois politics and, 67–71
conflicts over territory during, 67
total costs of, 67
AL: conducted reconnaissance missions during, 68
enlistment of, 67
friendships and social life of, 68–69, 79–80, 89
popularity of, 69–70
reenlistments of, 68
route home after discharge by, 71
service in, 67–71
tours, 67–68
witnessed horrors during, 67–68
Blackburn, A.M., 579
Blackburn, Joe, 347
blacks. See African Americans
Blackstone, William, Commentaries on the Laws of England, 88, 89–90, 101, 310, 347
Blaine, James G., 555, 592, 605, 618
Blair, Francis Preston, Sr., 611, 622, 623, 737, 741, 755
Blair, Frank, 421, 435, 448, 526, 566, 583, 609, 622, 625, 643, 670, 680, 696, 716, 722, 725, 735, 741, 744, 745
on debates, 541
offer to, 625
remarks by, 666, 716
Blair, James, 3
Blair, John, The Grave, 255
Blair, Montgomery, 720, 722, 724, 743, 744, 752
Blanchard, Jonathan, 454
Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 54, 83, 112, 141, 192, 239
advice by, 191
remarks by, 149
Bledsoe, Mrs. Albert Taylor, 219
Bledsoe, Moses, 192
Bledsoe, Sophia, 219
Blockburger, Christian, 119
Bloomington, Illinois, Convention (1856), 415–21, 508
Herndon on, 415–16
moderation at, 417
platform, 417–18
slate of presidential electors, 417
Bloomington (Illinois) Pantagraph, 419, 463
Boal, Robert S., 231, 232, 238
Bogue, Vincent A., 66
Bond, Benjamin, 301
Boston (Massachusetts) Atlas and Daily Bee, 285, 446, 642
Boston (Massachusetts) Courier, 472, 702
Boston (Massachusetts) Post, 588
Botts, John Minor, 723
Boutwell, George, 612
Bowen, Henry C., 583
Bowles, Samuel, 627
Brady, John T., 343, 345–46
Brady, Mathew, 584
Brainerd, Cephas, 588
Brayman, Mason, 336, 435, 583–85, 592
Breck, Daniel, 89, 700
Breckinridge, John C., 541, 543, 597, 629, 634, 640, 663, 671, 672, 678, 680, 692, 753
Brewster, E.W., 502
Briggs, James A., 582–83, 591, 592, 649
Bright, Jesse D., 671
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