The Doors

by Greil Marcus

  Crimes far worse, less obvious, more indistinct, and more common than the singer’s murder of his father and rape of his mother lay in wait in “The End”; that is why the really terrifying lines are those where the singer visits his sister and his brother, and you don’t know if it’s to make sure they’re asleep or that they’ll never wake up. But even that was too sketched in, too particular. The real caves in the performance were in hesitations, undulations of the rhythm, the full beauty in Jim Morrison’s tone when he let his voice shape certain words—“nights,” “die,” “limitless,” “hand”—or when a line he had written seemed to draw from him a confidence, a far-seeing-ness, that produced phrasing so lovely it could slip right past you, leaving a feeling of peace, not war: “The end of everything that stands.”

  In the summer of 1969, people listened again to their Doors albums, and said, Yes, it was all there. It was, too. Never mind the Doors of Perception. The name of the band was in the first track on its first album: “Break on Through (To the Other Side).” It wasn’t a great song. For all of the contrivance of its battering rock ’n’ roll momentum it was as one dimensional as an anti-war protest song. But it meant what it said, and this was part of what you were going to find when you broke down the doors.

  “The Doors really should have been at Monterey,” said the disc jockey Tom Donahue on KMPX, the San Francisco FM station that had been playing The Doors like a commercial since its release six months before, after the close of the Monterey Pop Festival in June 1967, wondering why they hadn’t been there, though in a way it made perfect sense. “This is the Love Crowd!” poor-not-yet-dead Otis Redding said during his set at the festival; the Doors were not the love crowd. They couldn’t have come up with anything more harrowing than Big Brother and the Holding Company’s “Ball and Chain,” but Janis Joplin and her boys were nice hippies with big smiles and open hearts, even if two of them were junkies.

  The weekend before the Monterey Pop Festival, the Doors appeared at the KFRC Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Festival, held on Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County, an affair cobbled together by a local radio station to provide a real, San Francisco festival in the face of the Los Angeles moguls behind Monterey. The Doors appeared in the middle of the afternoon, under a bright sun, along with the Seeds, a garage band that would be celebrated in years to come for a primitive minimalism that caught the spirit of punk even before the Stooges, and Every Mother’s Son, a smarmy, instantly forgotten group with a hit called “Come on Down to My Boat.”

  In the middle of the afternoon, the sun was still bright, but with the Doors on stage it seemed like a cloud was passing over. After the speed of the double-back beat of the Seeds’ “Pushin’ Too Hard,” half of the numbers the Doors played seemed isolated, stranded. I don’t recall if they played “End of the Night”; probably not, as they rarely did. But it’s this song as much as any other that contained the history that followed, feeling for it in the dark, like a mole in the ground.

  “End of the Night” could be the Impressions’ “Gypsy Woman” as it opens: a descending crescendo from Robby Krieger that turns off the lights, an answering three lines from Ray Manzarek that says he was waiting for this all along. As so often with Manzarek’s playing, you can hear memories of late-night TV creep-show movie marathons, or even more directly the music from early network suspense programs, and those memories are immediately transcended. As soon as you think you recognize the allusions, the music takes you somewhere else, closer to Jody Reynolds’s “Endless Sleep,” say, but as always slower than that, more sure, determined, fatalistic, at peace with nothing.

  Within seconds, the song is underwater. Morrison swims through it, one stroke at a time, feeling the inner tides between his fingers. The descending figure from the guitar repeats until it begins to break up in a roll from John Densmore.

  The heart of the performance is the way Morrison simply, quietly chants the title of the song, four times, first in the middle of the piece, then at the end. Each time, when he sings the phrase for the fourth time, it makes a single object that dissolves as he sings, as if it was never there at all, as if the clearer, more solid first three voicings of the phrase before it were ghosts. “End of the night end of the night end of the night end of the night”: it’s a skull he can hold up to the light, until inside Blake’s “Auguries of Innocence” you see “The Tiger” plain.

  A LITTLE UNDER A WEEK after the mass murders at 10050 Cielo Drive, the Woodstock Music and Art Fair: Three Days of Peace and Music began in White Lake, New York. Had the world known then that the butchered bodies of Sharon Tate and her houseguests were the work of a hippie commune, a band that would have been altogether welcome and at home at Woodstock, the press coverage of the 450,000-strong hippie commune that briefly established itself as Woodstock—there were nearly as many Americans at Woodstock as, in the moment, there were in Vietnam—might not have been so fulsome. As it was, major dailies gazed in grudging awe at the placidity of the gathering, Life magazine rushed out a special edition, and the august solemnizer Max Lerner announced “a turning point in the consciousness generations have of each other and of themselves.” The Woodstock legend remained inviolate and unspoiled. The Manson connection was never made. Not even the immediate, end of ’69 follow-up—originally known as Woodstock West, later known as the Rolling Stones’ disaster at Altamont—dimmed the magic. By 1970 the movie was playing all over the world. In 1989, demonstrators in Tiananmen Square, before they were massacred, gathered around a replica of the Statue of Liberty and told reporters Tiananmen was “our Woodstock.”

  The Doors weren’t at Woodstock either. But they were more present at 10050 Cielo Drive, looking back from what they’d already said, trying along with everyone else to outrace the clutch of the present moment.

  “End of the Night,” The Doors (Elektra, 1967). A precious, whispery demo version from 1965, all creature-features vocal effects until a big finale, would be forgettable if it weren’t for tantalizing harmonica from Ray Manzarek’s brother Jim Manzarek, which hints at the song the band, still without Robby Krieger, had yet to find. See “Without a Safety Net,” in The Doors Box Set (Elektra, 1997).

  Ed Sanders, The Family: The Story of Charles Manson’s Dune Buggy Attack Battalion (New York: Dutton, 1971); soon after publication Sanders was forced to remove a frightening chapter on the Process Church of the Final Judgement. See also the updated The Family: The Manson Group and Its Aftermath (New York: New American Library, 1989).

  Roadhouse Blues

  ONE DAY IN 2011, ZZ Top’s “Sharp Dressed Man” came on the radio. Like the Doors, they get a lot of airplay on a lot of stations—though everything you hear is from one year, 1983, and one album, Eliminator. It’s hard, funny, with Billy Gibbons’s guitar as a guide to the network of caves that runs below the entire surface of the earth, even if Eliminator didn’t have ZZ Top’s best single, “My Head’s in Mississippi,” from 1990, which you never hear at all. That song seemed to have been conceived and sung—or, if the composer had already passed out, dreamed—with the singer’s head inside a toilet bowl in a bar inevitably called the Longhorn, where the guy whose voice you hear has gone to throw up. Whether he already has or not when he first opens his mouth to get his words out, the room is still spinning, but at least he’s spinning now too: he doesn’t really want to be anywhere else. A naked cowgirl drifts across the ceiling of the filthy little room like a cloud. He can’t believe how lucky he is.

  I switched to another station, right into ZZ Top’s “Got Me Under Pressure”—an Eliminator number a good ten times tougher than “Sharp Dressed Man.” The ending, Gibbons now leaping rivers, cutting his way through mountains, is so deliriously sucked into its own crossing, cut-up rhythms it took me a moment to realize the radio had followed it without a break into another song—something that sounded so much like a ghost version of Eliminator I didn’t immediately recognize “Roadhouse Blues.”

  Everybody sounded as if they were playing in each other’s bands.
“Roadhouse Blues” came out in 1970, the B-side of the pallid “You Make Me Real,” which never broke the Top 40. Over the next forty years it became a hit, and now as it went on it felt deeper, stronger, new. Against Billy Gibbons, now pounding with his fuzz-tone guitar and fuzz-tone voice against the tin door of the bar the Doors are playing, Jim Morrison sounds hoarse.

  As it led off Morrison Hotel in 1970, “Roadhouse Blues” was a tornado: fierce, uncompromised, fast, loud, flashy, and most of all big. You didn’t have to hear the aesthetic ambition inside of it, or the desperation, the misery, chasing the charging band like a bad conscience. It was thrilling. If you were a Doors fan, you might have said, Finally they’ve found their way back to their real music, even if they’d never cut a stomp like this before. What has sustained the song over more than four decades, what has kept it reaching, is another story.

  Waiting for the Sun, released in June 1968, number one, and The Soft Parade, released a year later and stopping at #6, the two albums that preceded Morrison Hotel—once past its opening blast itself a bland, vague roundelay to nowhere—were terrible jokes, regardless of who the joke was on. Waiting for the Sun—some mystical sun, perhaps, because in Los Angeles you don’t wait for the sun, unless you’re waiting for the smog to disappear, in which case you could wait forever. The Soft Parade—there was a wave toward a parade sound at the start, but the ruling word was soft. Both records were filled with words that had no reason to be written, much less sung. The music noodled pointlessly over broken beats, truncated melodies so ungainly most of the time Jim Morrison sounded as if he were giving a speech, and for that matter a speech less addressed to the assembled imaginary hordes of five-to-ones who were taking over than a Rotary club. “Tell All the People” opened The Soft Parade—“Tell All the People” not to buy this album! Robby Krieger had written the song; Morrison sounded as if he had a bag over his face, so no one would know who was singing it. There were thick-headed, battering horns all over the album, plus orchestral strings; they didn’t make the music better and they didn’t make it worse.

  The music seemed to recognize its own pointlessness; almost everything strained, almost nothing played. At rehearsals for The Soft Parade, the band tumbled into six satisfying minutes circling through a teasing, pleasing melody, with Morrison shouting from far off the mike, mariachi cackling up front, the mood of a cocktail lounge where everyone in the audience is too drunk to care but the band, somehow, finds itself interested—like the bored, tired, disgusted bar band in Diner suddenly coming to life when a customer sits down at the piano and hits a glissando as if he’s Jerry Lee Lewis himself. As it turned out, the Doors were playing “Guantanamera.” But that wasn’t on either album; it was just something that surfaced ages later on a repackaging. The truest tune on either album was “Easy Ride” on The Soft Parade, which was nothing if not the Doors’ equivalent of Elvis Presley’s “Do the Clam,” legendary as the worst record he could make, if only conceptually—and who could get past the concept? Could anybody make a worse record? The Doors were trying; you could hear the self-loathing coming out of the songs like sweat, if that was your idea of a good time. Really, what were Waiting for the Sun and The Soft Parade but the Doors’ versions of Elvis-movie soundtracks like Roustabout or It Happened at the World’s Fair?

  There was one number that didn’t fit, that seemed to exist on some other album. On Waiting for the Sun “My Wild Love” was a forest chant, more distant, receding farther into the past, with each wordless, doubled Huh huh huhn. It breathed the same pagan smoke as Josef Škvorecký’s “Emöke,” where at a Czech health resort a man encounters a woman carrying the soul of someone who knows how to worship trees. At three minutes, “My Wild Love” was infinitely more experimental than the seventeen-minute phallic-environmental “Celebration of the Lizard,” recorded as an “experimental work in progress” at the time, performed on stage in 1968, but not released until long after the band was gone. With “My Wild Love” you couldn’t place where you were, you didn’t know where you were going, but you could feel it was somewhere neither you nor the musicians had been before. Burrowing into itself, into the old European forest, the day darker with each step, this was a hint, like the first page of a fairy tale in a book where the rest of the pages have been torn out, of an untold story, the promise of a journey that might go on indefinitely, the chant revealing its forest, the forest generating its own chant. Where did this song come from? On these albums, patently nowhere, though you could hear fragments of the tales it didn’t tell hiding in “The End” and “When the Music’s Over.” Where did it go? Into “Roadhouse Blues.”

  Early on during the first day in the studio, on November 4, 1969, with the band trying to cut the song, Krieger’s rolling fuzz-tone opening, the bare skeleton of the rhythm, is there for a fragment called “Talking Blues.” “Me and my baby walking down the street,” Morrison drawls, sounding like that’s exactly what he’s doing. “We’s being friendly to every person we meet / Say, hi, neighbor, how you doin’? / Hey, Dylan, how you doin’”—as if they’d just passed each other on the cover of The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan, one of Morrison’s favorite albums. But for the first named take of “Roadhouse Blues” there is again that riff and nothing else. The rhythms are all sprung; as Krieger pushes ahead, with energy, with ambition, he falls behind his own beat. Everything is off, but there’s a sense of purpose: There could be something here if we could find it. “The point was to work completely in the dark,” George Grosz said of his life as a dadaist in Berlin after the First World War; the challenge was to make the darkness. Stumbling, that’s where they’re headed.

  Perhaps casting back to a night at the Whisky when Them followed the Doors’ lurching “Back Door Man” with their own death race through “Baby Please Don’t Go,” that’s the song Morrison is now singing, or singing around. It’s a signpost, a pointer. He falls into nonsense words, syllables bumping into each other, but it’s an attempt to find the beat that won’t reveal itself, to sucker it into giving them at least the outline of a song. There’s a guitar solo, out of place. Morrison begins a verse he has, “Woke up this morning”—but he backs off from it, as if he’s embarrassed by his own words, or ashamed. It’s a purely blackface vocal—“Well, ah woke up this moanin’”—and he all but hides from it, his voice slurring against itself, the sound of someone singing with his mouth closed. He goes back to words that aren’t words, sounds that in the finished song might be Beep a gunk a chucha

  Cronk cronk cronk

  You gotta eatch you puna

  Eatch ya bop a lula

  Bump a kechonk

  Ease sum konk

  But here the whole, long passage is nothing remotely tran-scribable, a race against language for its own sake: the sake of the race, not language. Speak in secret alphabets—Morrison was calling himself a poet, but what if he could? Poetry wants to begin from the beginning of language, or before it, to use ordinary words as if no one has heard them before. Is this what was happening in the third take of the song? Whatever it was, the Doors hadn’t heard themselves speaking that language before, closer to glossolalia than a device, sound that sings the body, cutting the mind out altogether. As the broken, backwards words unwound like a string of DNA, the band was back in the forest, reaching for its chants.

  That first day, they keep hammering at the door of the song. There are times when they sound like a bar band, after hours, no one else around. The rhythm is never of a piece, but there are moments when something that is not quite a song, that might be more than a song, is present, like an apparition; then it’s just another stumble. Every time that last verse, “Woke up this morning,” comes around, Morrison backs away from it; why does he keep singing it?

  The next day the setting is different. Lonnie Mack, the great Indiana blues guitarist known for his 1963 version of Chuck Berry’s “Memphis”—an all-instrumental pursuit of every shading of rhythm in the song, opening up what in Berry’s hands might have seemed a simple if oddly stutteri
ng piece of country music into a labyrinth of dreamy complexity—had recently signed to Elektra. He was around; the Doors asked him to play bass. The band likely didn’t know his soul ballad “Why,” one of the most dramatic and painful American songs ever recorded—by the last verse, a heart attack the singer survives to his regret—but they knew they were in the studio with a man who, as the Mississippi blues singer Skip James once said to a gushing fan, had been and gone from places they would never get to. But they had been and gone from places Lonnie Mack would never get to, too. They had to live up to each other.

  Over and over, Morrison—who could be in a gauzy nightclub or on Elvis’s bare stage, accosting passersby on the street or buttonholing hangers-on in the studio—is going on about how “Money beats soul, every time.” He seems to have made this part of the song—or to be using the line and its costuming—“Ladies and gentlemen, on this stage, for the first time in the Western world, we have: money beats soul, every time”—to keep away the song he has to sing, make, find, prove.

  Maybe because of Mack’s presence, or the leaping pace he helps set, for the first time the inner size of the song, its rhythmic scope, begins to take shape. The beat is hard for the first time. Krieger still cannot bring the guitar into the rhythm, but on his own there’s freedom all over his playing, and soon he’s flying. “Oh, I woke up”—still there is something morally wrong with these lines, there is something in them that pushes Morrison away from his own words, and he sings with no conviction, as if it’s a bad dream.

  Again, Morrison dives for a monologue—there are two songs here, and one will have to play itself out before the other can speak in its own voice. “Money beats soul,” he states over a nightclub piano, the lounge singer after ten too many requests for “Stardust,” drunk but forming his words carefully in the belief there’s someone left in the place he can still fool. He croons: “I-got-something-to-tell-you-about-your-soul.” He stops crooning. “Your soul ain’t worth shit. You know how much your soul’s worth? Your soul’s worth about as much as you can get on Wall Street, my dear. Now, you may think I’m cynical, or dangerous, to tell you that. You may think that I’m, ah, a little hard to take—hey—listen, doll, I’ll tell you the goddamn truth”—and he garbles his words like his mouth is full of pebbles—“Money beats soul, every time.” There is more of this.