The Story of Music: From Babylon to the Beatles: How Music Has Shaped Civilization
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Cuban music, 259, 302–5
Cui, César 175, 210
Dance 60, 76, 80, 83, 89–90, 129, 158, 176, 178–9, 223, 259, 260, 264–5, 303, 305 see also ballet
Davis, Miles 278
Debussy, Claude 94, 159, 171, 206, 213, 226, 227, 228–30, 231, 235, 236, 237, 244, 289–90
Deep Purple 318
Delibes, Leo 178, 230
Delius, Frederick: Brigg Fair 246
Diaghilev, Sergei 232, 233–4, 268, 269, 270, 271
Diamond, Neil 306
Dipura Raden Rana 228
dissonance 70, 78, 87, 124, 221–2
Dixieland 245, 258
Dizzee Rascal: ‘Boy in da Corner’ 320
DJ Kook Herc (Clive Campbell) 319
Domino, Fats: ‘Blueberry Hill’ 264
Donegan, Lonnie 313
Donizetti, Gaetano 165
Dorian mode 93
dotted rhythm 260–1
Dowland, John 68–9, 318
drama, Greek 13–14, 71
drone 22–3
Dufay Guillaume 40–1, 44
Dumas, Alexandre 162, 167
Dunstaple, John 34, 37, 40, 93
Dussek, Johann 140–1
Dvořák, Antonin 171, 179–85, 230 New World symphony (Symphony no. 9) 179, 181–4, 253, 307
Dylan, Bob 250, 276, 300–1, 306, 307
dynamics, 83–4
Eckstine, Billy 297, 298
Egyptians, Ancient 8, 9, 10
Eisenstein, Sergei 291
electric guitar 295, 298, 299
Elfman, Danny 170, 216, 292
Elgar, Edward 1, 115, 205, 206, 241, 246, 248, 252, 290
Ellington, Duke 255, 256, 257, 264
England see Britain/England
Entartete Musik exhibition 280, 281, 283
Equal Temperament 97–103
Este, Isabella d’, Marchesa of Mantua 56, 58
Esterházy Prince Nikolaus 130, 135
ethnic music see folk music/ethnic music
Evans, Bill 159, 229
Exposition Universelle (World’s Fair), Paris (1889) 204, 211, 226, 227, 228, 231
Faithfull, Marianne 276
Fanshawe, David 322
Fauré, Gabriel 212, 268
Faust 147
Feldman, Morton 314
Fernández, Joseito: ‘Guajira Guantanamera’ 304
Fessenden, Reginald 249, 251
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 238
Fibich, Zdeněk 204
fiddle 52, 53, 56, 58
Field, John 155, 159
figured bass 84–6
film music 2, 172, 174, 216, 254–5, 270, 273, 291–2, 314
Fisher, William Arms: ‘Goin’ home’ 182
Fitzgerald, Ella 278
Florentine Camerata, 71, 78, 81
flutes, early 6–7
Fokine, Michel 233
folk music/ethnic music 158, 175–85, 234–5, 238, 240–2, 243, 245–6, 283, 322
France early period 6, 17, 18, 28–9, 32, 40 1450–1650 54, 56, 59–60, 61, 67, 68, 74 1650–1750 75, 79–80, 81, 115 1750–1850 134, 153–4, 158 1850–1890 164–5 see also Berlioz, Hector 1890–1918 211–13, 226–31, 233 1918–1945 260–1, 267 see also names of French composers
Franck, César 211, 212
Franklin, Aretha 278
Freedman, Max C.: ‘Rock around the clock’ 300
fugue 104–6
Gabrieli, Andrea 70–1
Gabrieli, Giovanni 70–1
Galilei, Galileo 67, 76, 77, 78, 103
Galilei, Vincenzo 78, 87, 101
Gallican chant 18
Gallo, Domenico 270
gamelan 228
Garfunkel, Art 307
‘Gaudete’ 49
Gay, John: The Beggar’s Opera 111, 112, 135, 275
Germany early period 6 1450–1650 54, 56, 58, 67 1650–1750 75, 79, 95, 96, 103–7, 115 1750–1850 130–1, 147, 152–3 156–7 1850–1890 see Wagner, Richard 1890–1918 209, 219–23 1918–1945 274–5, 279, 280–2, 283, 287, 289, 292 see also names of German composers
Gershwin, George I 250, 252–3, 266, 277–8, 306, 314, 323
Gershwin, Ira 266, 277, 314
Gilbert, W. S. and Sullivan, Arthur 207, 230, 251
Gillespie, Dizzy 298
Glass, Philip 273, 306, 315, 317
Glazunov, Alexander 171
Glinka, Mikhail 223, 232
Gluck, Christoph 126–7, 128, 159
Gobineau, J. Arthur 202
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 147, 153, 156
Góis, Damião de 66
Goldmark, Rubin 180
Goldsmith, Jerry 292, 314
Goodall, Howard Enchanted Voices 321–2 The Hired Man 276
Goodman, Benny 295, 296, 306
Gordon, Dexter 298
Górecki, Henryk: Symphony of Sorrowful Songs 321
Gorillaz 318
Gounod, Charles François 148, 163, 213, 230
gramophone 239
Granados, Enrique: Escenas romanticas 246
Greeks, Ancient 4, 9, 11–14, 43, 46, 47, 62, 76, 121, 190, 196
‘Greensleeves’ 48–9, 242
Gregorian chant see plainchant / plainsong
Grieg, Edvard 169–70, 175, 246, 251
Guido of Arezzo 23, 25–6, 73
guitar 54 electric 295, 298, 299
Gutenberg, Johannes 43
‘gypsy’ music 176–7
habanera 259–60, 264–5
Hahn, Reynaldo: Caprice mélan-colique 246
Haley, Bill 300
Hammerstein, Oscar 265, 266, 314
Handel, George Frideric 14, 91, 108–10, 111, 112, 113–17, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 131, 143, 149, 249, 312 Messiah 14, 75, 113, 114, 116
harmonic progression 86–8, 316
harmonics, natural 229
harmony, 23, 27, 28, 34–40, 41, 45–6, 47, 64, 87, 185–7, 199
harpsichord 60–1, 96
Hart, Lorenz 266, 314
Hauptmann, Elisabeth 275
Haydn, Josef 20, 86, 115, 120, 121, 122, 125, 128, 130, 131–2, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 149, 159, 199, 226, 251, 312 Orlando Paladino 136 ‘Palpita adogni istante’ 136 ‘Paris’ symphonies (nos. 82–7) 134
Henderson, Fletcher 255
Henry VIII, King of England 48, 58, 61, 65, 66 ‘Pastyme with good companye’ 48
Henze, Hans Werner 314
Herbert, Victor 182
Hermann, Bernard 216, 221, 273, 292, 306, 314
Hertz 19–20
Heyward, Dubose 277
Hildegard of Bingen 27
Hindemith, Paul 216, 274
Hindustani music 34
hip-hop 317, 319–20
Hoffmann, E. T. A. 157, 194, 233
Hogan, Ernest: ‘All Coons Look Alike’ 278
Holiday, Billie 278, 279, 289
Holly, Buddy 313
‘Holly and the Ivy, The’ 50
Hoist, Gustav Planets suite 247, 248 A Somerset Rhapsody 246
Horner, James 216
Howard, James Newton 216
Hucbald 25
Hugo, Victor 162, 166, 230
Hummel, Johann 128, 143, 149
Humperdinck, Engelbert: Hansel and Gretel 204
‘Humpty Dumpty’ 263, 264
Huneker, James 183–4
Hungarian folk music 175–7
Huygens, Christiaan 76
hymns 17, 63–4, 104, 107, 240, 305–6
Ibn Bājja (Avenpace) 29
Ibn Khurradadhbih 55
Indian music 34, 46, 47, 308
‘In dulci jubilo’ 49–50, 51
Indy, Vincent D’ 271
Ionian mode 93
Iradier, Sebastián de 260
isorhythm, 32–4
Italy early period 18 1450–1650 14, 43–5, 49, 54, 56–7, 59, 67, 69–74 1650–1750 75, 78–9, 80–1, 81–6, 94–5, 96, 108, 109, 110, 115 1850–1890 165–8, 169 1918–1945 271, 282, 292 see also names of Italian composers
> Jackson, Michael 137, 250
Janáček, Leoš 171, 216
Jarre, Maurice 292, 314
Javanese music 228
Jay-Z: ‘Empire State of Mind’ 319
jazz 231, 244–5, 246, 250, 252, 255–7, 258–9, 263, 264, 279, 295, 296–8 see also names of individuals
‘John Brown’s Body’ 261–3
Johnson, James P. 244, 255
Johnson, Pete: ‘Rocket 88 Boogie’ 299
Joplin, Scott 244, 259, 263, 323
Josquin des Prez 43–6, 47, 56, 65, 86–7, 92
Jubilee Singers, 240–1, 242
jukebox 257
Jury, Dr Hugo 203
Kander, John, and Ebb, Fred 314 Cabaret 276
Kassia of Constantinople 23, 318
Kern, Jerome 265, 266
keyboard instruments 60–2, 84, 95, 96–103 see also names of instruments
keys 46, 47, 87, 92, 93–4
Keys, Alicia 251, 319
King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band 256
Kinks, The 313
Klenau, Paul von 281
Korngold, Erich 216, 286, 291
Koussevitsky, Serge 293
Krause, Dagmar 276–7
Kreisler, Fritz: Liebesfreud und Liebesleid, 246–7
Ladysmith Black Mambazo 307
Lassus, Orlande de 67
Lawes, William: Consort Setts 83
Legrand, Michel 314
Lehár, Franz 279, 280
Lennon, John 115, 250, 309, 310 see also Beatles, The
Leoncavallo, Ruggero 168, 239
Léonin, 28
Lidgey, Charles Albert 200–1
Ligeti, György 314
Liggins, Jimmy: ‘Cadillac Boogie’ 299
Linarol, Francesco 57
Lineva, Evgeniya 238
Liszt, Franz 133, 148, 154, 155, 169–76, 177, 179, 185, 186, 187, 199, 212, 218, 220, 227 Faust symphony 148, 186, 218 Hungarian Rhapsodies 175–6, 177
Lloyd, Arthur 135
Lloyd Webber, Andrew 314
‘London’s Burning’ 104–5
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth: The Song of Hiawatha 180, 183, 241
Lord, Jon 318
Louis XIV, King of France 74, 79, 80, 81, 107–8, 261
Loulié, Étienne 77–8
Lully Jean-Baptiste 79–80, 81, 107–8, 260–1, 263
lute 9, 29, 53, 55, 56, 57, 61
Luther, Martin 43, 45, 63–4, 306
Lutheranism 63–4, 103, 104, 306
Lutoslawski, Witold 314
Lyadov, Anatoly 170, 171, 234
Lydian mode, 93
lyra 55–6
macaronic lyrics 50
McCartney, Paul 88, 115, 250, 309, 310 see also Beatles, The
MacDowell, Edward 180
Mace, Thomas 77
Machaut, Guillaume de 32–3, 34
McMillan, James: Veni, Veni, Emmanuel 272
madrigals 67, 68, 69, 70, 87
Maelzel, Johann 78
Mahler, Gustav 148, 198, 207, 213–18, 235, 237, 286, 287, 290
major third 38, 39
mandolin 54
Marianelli, Dario 292
Mars, Bruno 250
Martin, George 309
Marvelettes, The 302
Mascagni, Pietro 168
Massenet, Jules 204, 213, 230
Medici, Catherine de see Catherine de Medici
Meeropol, Abel 278–9, 289
melismatic style 45, 65
Mendelssohn, Fanny 148, 156–7
Mendelssohn, Felix 109, 148, 152–3, 156, 157, 172, 215, 246, 282, 312
Mesopotamia 9, 10
Messiaen, Oliver 272, 313, 321
metronomes 76, 78, 316
Meyerbeer, Giacomo 149, 158, 164, 202, 230
Micheli, Zanetto 57
minimalism 315–17, 318
minor third 38, 39
modes 46–7, 92–3
Monteverdi, Claudio 1, 69–74, 75, 76, 78, 81, 84, 87, 110, 271
Monti, Vittorio: ‘Csárdás’ 178
Monza, Carlo Ignazio 269–70
Moog, Robert 321
Morell, Thomas: Theodora libretto 118
Morricone, Ennio 292, 314
Morton, Jelly Roll 244–5
Mossolov, Alexander: ‘Zavod, Symphony of Machines’ 269
Moten, Benny: ‘Kansas City Shuffle’ 263
motets 44
Mozarabic chant 18
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 20, 86, 97, 107, 109, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 131, 132, 133, 135–9, 140, 141, 142, 143, 149, 159, 187–8, 199, 213, 226, 251, 252, 255–6, 312 Clarinet Concerto 139 La Clemenza di Tito 187–8 Così fan tutte 187 Don Giovanni 1, 139, 188 Die Entführung aus dem Serail 136 Jupiter symphony 139 The Magic Flute 136, 167, 188 The Marriage of Figaro 133, 187 Piano Concerto no. 23 137 ‘Welche Wonne, Welche Lust’ 136
Muffat, Georg 82
Müller, Wilhelm 146
musicals 14, 255, 265–6, 314–15
Mussorgsky, Modest 171, 224–5, 226, 227, 232, 233
Napoleon Bonaparte 139, 141, 147, 149, 155, 230
National Conservatory of Music, New York 179, 180, 184
Native American music 179, 182–3, 184, 230
Navarro, Fats 298
Nazis 202, 203, 205, 216, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 291
Negro music see African-American music
neumes 24–5, 26
Newman, Alfred 216, 314
Newman, Thomas 292
Nijinsky, Vaslav 233, 235, 236, 237
nocturnes 155
Nono, Luigi, 314
Norton, Frederic: Chu-Chin-Chow 267
notation 9, 17, 18, 23, 25–6, 27, 30–1, 33, 34
notes, families of see modes; keys mislabelling 4
notes inégales 261, 263
Novello, Ivor: ‘Keep the Home Fires Burning’ 248
Nyman, Michael 122
Octatonic scale 234
octave 20, 34–5, 36, 198 subdivisions of 98–102, 198–9
Offenbach, Jacques 164, 170, 266
Oliver, King 255, 256
opera 14, 69, 71–4, 78, 79, 81, 94, 108, 109, 110–11, 112, 126–7, 151, 163, 164–8, 187–8, 190–8, 200–1, 204, 206–7, 220–2, 232–3, 271, 273–4, 293, 314
oratorios 14, 112–15, 116–17, 118
orchestra 72, 80, 130–1, 148–9
Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment 312
Orff, Carl 272, 282, 290
organ 11, 15, 22, 24, 52, 62, 84, 96–7, 103
organum 21–2, 23, 24, 28
Orientalism 230–1, 235
Original Dixieland Jazz (or Jass) Band 245, 263
Oxyrhyncus hymn 17
Pachelbel: ‘Canon’ 88
Paganini, Niccolò 148
Palaeolithic period 6–7
Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da 64, 67, 69–70, 87
Parker, Charlie 298
Parry, Charles Hubert 4, 115, 183, 205, 247–8, 290
Pärt, Arvo 321
Passacaglia structure 89
Paumann, Conrad 62
Pavlova, Anna 233
Penderecki, Krzysztof 269, 314
pendulums 76, 77, 78
pentatonic scale 228–9
perfect fifth 35, 36, 37
perfect fourth 35, 36
perfect ratio 101
Pergolesi, Giovanni 269
Peri, Jacopo 61, 71, 78, 81
Pérotin 28, 30–1, 34
Peterson, Oscar 278
Petrucci, Ottaviano 48
phonoautograph 238
phonograph 238
Phrygian mode/tonus (medieval) 46, 47, 93
Phrygian tonos (Ancient Greek) 46
piano 61, 96, 97, 103, 155, 156, 170
Pietism 103, 104, 107
Piñeiro, Ignacio 304
pitch 7, 12, 19–20, 21
pitch ratio 35
plainchant/plainsong 16, 18–19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 46
Plato 12, 46
Playford, John: the English Danc
ing Master 111–12
Pleyel, Ignaz 128
polychoral technique 71
polyphony 21–2, 33, 34, 36, 44, 51, 52, 64, 65
polyrhythm 237
Ponchielli, Amilcare: Omagio a Donizetti 251
popular music 240–5, 246, 250–1, 252–3, 255–9, 263–6, 278–9, 294, 295–303, 305–10, 317, 318, 319–20
Porter, Cole, 250, 251, 266, 271, 278, 313, 314
Poulenc, Francis, 213, 270
Presley, Elvis 5, 300, 307, 313
Prévin, André 306
Prince 250
printed music 48
printing press 43
Procul Harum: ‘Whiter Shade of Pale’ 92
progression 36–7, 40 see also harmonic progression
Prokofiev, Sergei 216, 269, 270, 275, 283, 284, 286–7, 290, 291
Protestantism 63, 64, 65, 104
psalms 8, 15–16
Puccini, Giacomo 168, 180, 273, 290, 314
Purcell, Henry 109
Quantz, Johann, Joachim 77
qanun 29
radio 2, 239, 249–50
Radiohead: ‘Kid A’ 320–1
Raff, Joachim 175
ragas 34, 46, 47
ragtime 244, 258, 263
Rameau, Jean-Philippe 109, 260–1, 263
Ranelagh Pleasure Gardens 123
Rattle, Sir Simon 115
Ravel, Maurice 159, 213, 246, 280, 290
rebab 29, 55, 56
rebec 52, 56
recording 2, 238–40, 311, 312
records 239, 254, 257, 298–9
Redford, John 61
Reed, Lou 276
Reformation 64–6, 73, 104
Reger, Max: Eine Romantische Suite 247
Reich, Steve 272, 315–17
Reinecke, Carl: Serenade in G minor 246
Renaissance 3–4, 43
Respighi, Ottorino 282
rhythm 30–1, 41, 259–65, 297–8, 303–5 see also syncopation
Rich, John 111
Rieu, Andre 280
Riley, Terry 315
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai 171, 175, 210, 226, 231, 232–3, 234, 235, 236
rock and roll 264, 295, 298–300
Rodgers, Richard 266, 314
Roman Catholic Church 43, 44, 47, 63, 64, 65, 67, 104, 110, 112
Romans 4, 14–15, 17, 121
Romanticism 144–5, 146–7
Rossi, Luigi: Orfeo 79
Rossi, Salamone 81
Rossini, Gioachino 151–2, 158, 163, 164, 165
Rota, Nino 292, 314
Rózsa, Miklós 216, 292, 314