The Last Gasp
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Buck v. Bell, 6, 145
Buena Vista, 198
Buenos Aires, Argentina, 190
Buffalo, N.Y., 47, 142
Building 11, 152, 154
Bureau of Entomology, 46, 56
Burger, Chief Justice Warren E., 201, 202, 208
Burrell, George, 43, 46
Cabana, Warden Donald, 214
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, 126
calcium cyanide, 97
calcium sulfate, 152–53
California, 3, 7, 11, 32, 44, 54, 56, 62, 66, 67, 69–70, 92, 117–22, 146, 176, 178, 180–90, 194, 195–98, 201, 206, 215–25
California Cyanide Company, 66, 76–78
California Metal and Mineral Producers Association, 62
California Supreme Court, 177, 195, 201–3
Calverton, V. F., 140
camite, 41
Campbell, Dr. Clarence G., 135
Campbell, William, 187
Campbell v. Wood, 224
campilite, 41
Camus, Albert, 192
Canada, 64, 84, 137, 175, 213, 221–22
cancer chemotherapy, 58
Cannon, Robert Lee, 121
Cañon City, Colorado, 102, 198
Canterbury, Rev. Kermit, 179–80
Canton, China, 79
capitalism, 4, 14, 87
capital punishment, 11–12, 18, 28, 29, 62–63, 84–85, 100, 134, 141, 171–230
Capital Punishment Project, 206
carbon dioxide (carbonic acid), 25, 30, 31
carbon monoxide, 8, 23–25, 30, 43, 47, 149–52
carcinogenicity, 59
Carnegie Foundation, 43
Carnegie Institution, 37
Carothers, Wallace Hume, 137
Carr, Dr. Ransom L., 111
Carrel, Alexis, 132–33
Carroll, Paul H. (“Perry”), 116–17
Carson City, Nevada, 62, 70, 72, 77–86, 99, 102, 118, 207
Case Concerning the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Germany v. United States of America), 229
Casey, William, 161
Castner-Kellner Process, 98
casualties, 47–48, 51, 57, 85
Catalina, Pete, 116
Catholics, 78, 118, 213
Catholic University of America, 43, 45
Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor, 157–58
Celler, Rep. Emanuel, 158
Cell 2455, Death Row, 187
Cell 2455, Death Row, A Condemned Man’s Own Story, 187
Center for the Study of the Holocaust, 219
Central Intelligence Agency, 168
Central Prison, North Carolina, 109, 114, 225
Chamberlain, Neville, 130
Chamberlain, Sen. George E., Jr., 54
Chandler, Raymond, 163
Chang, W. H., 70
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 144–45
Charleston, West Virginia, 47
Chase Manhattan Bank, 125
Chaumont, 44, 49
Chelmno Concentration Camp (Kulmhof), 109, 152
Chemical Foundation, 61
chemical industry, 10, 14, 36–37, 42–43, 52, 55–56, 59–60, 67–68, 89, 92–93, 96–97, 118, 137–38, 168–69, 212
chemical warfare, 15, 34–52, 54–55, 67, 88–89, 136, 147–48
chemical warfare research, 40–41, 42–45, 52, 57–58, 95–96, 147–48, 169
chemical warfare training, 38, 40, 44, 48–49, 147–48
Chemical Warfare Service. See U.S. Chemical Warfare Service
“Chemist’s war,” 42
Chesapeake, 47
Chessman, Caryl Whittier, 11, 185–90
Cheyenne, Wyoming, 114–15
Chicago, 178
China, 66, 79
Chinatown, 70
chlorine, 34–35, 37–39, 45, 47, 56, 58
chloroform, 29, 32
chloropicrin, 39–40, 47, 58, 93, 95
Churchill, Winston, 130, 147, 164
Civilian Conservation Corps, 110
civilians, 51
Civil Rights Congress, 177
civil rights movement, 176
Civil War, 36
Clark, Gene, 179
Clark, Surgeon General Taliaferro, 92
class, 5, 13–14
Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 170
Clemmer, Donald, 16
Cleveland, Ohio, 48, 51
Clinton, President Bill, 229
Clinton Engineer Works, 169
Cobb, Ty, 48–49
Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 28
Coleman, Dr. George S., 111
Cologne, Germany, 38, 168, 170
Colorado, 3, 71, 101, 102–9, 112, 116, 117, 145–46, 176, 178, 198–99, 206, 208, 212
Colorado River, 44
Colorado State Home & Training School for Mental Defectives, 114
Colorado State Penitentiary, 102
Colorado State Supreme Court, 105
Columbia University, 131
Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, 66
Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, 62
communist, 13, 67–68, 122–23, 134, 139, 162, 176, 177, 192
Conant, James B., 44–46, 48, 52, 129, 137, 281n13
concentration camps, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 131, 152–63. See also names of individual camps
Congress, 54, 57, 61, 62, 66, 126, 129, 135, 147
conservatives, 11–12
Consolidated Press Association, 84
Constitution, 70–71, 142–43, 230
Coolidge, President Calvin, 58
Cooper, Courtney Riley, 124
Cornell Medical College, 135
Cox, Sheriff Dan, 121
Cravath, Henderson & deGersdorff, 126, 127
Cravath, Swaine & Moore, 126
crematoria, 10
crime, 141
Crossfire, 164
Croyland, Pennsylvania, 47
cruel and unusual punishment, 12, 13, 70–71, 106, 199–202, 223–25
Crystal Palace, 26
Cudahy City, California, 66
Cumming, Dr. Hugh S., 55, 91, 92
Curran, Frank, 63, 75, 267n55
Currivan, Gene, 161
cyanamid (calcium cyanamide), 61, 98
“Cyanegg,” 97
cyanide, 6, 10, 13, 24, 32, 40–42, 55, 56, 57, 58–62, 64–66, 74, 89, 91, 97–98, 109, 112, 121, 199, 209, 217–24, 221, 222
cyanide cartel, 10, 60–66, 89, 97
cyanogen, 10, 41, 59, 62, 93, 95, 97, 98
Czechoslovakia, 158
Dachau concentration camp, 152, 162–64, 177, 182
Dalles-Celilo Canal, 44
Darrow, Clarence, 32
Darwin, Charles, 4
Davenport, Charles, 32, 132
da Vinci, Leonardo, 36
Davison, Trubee, 126
Davy, John, 39
Dawidowicz, Lucy S., 89
death camps. See concentration camps names of individual camps
“death chamber,” 30
death penalty, 11, 12, 13, 29, 62–63, 85, 141, 145–46, 171–230
Death Penalty in America, The, 228
Declaration of Independence, 29
“degeneration,” 5, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 122, 145
DEGESCH (Deutsch Gesselschsaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung), 92, 95, 98, 131, 152, 154, 162, 165, 167
DEGUSSA (Deutsche Gold & Silber Scheideanstalt), 6, 60, 91, 98, 130, 131, 165
Delaware, 66, 194
democracy, 6, 32, 133
Democrats, 1, 54, 63, 64, 97, 101, 122, 123, 129, 188, 203
Denmark, 175
Denno, Deborah W., 12
Denver, Colorado, 6, 101, 103, 116, 119, 179, 198, 199
Denver Post, 101, 120
Department of Jewish Affairs, 190
Des Moines, Iowa, 184
Dessau, Germany, 92
Dessauer, Germany, 165
Dessauer Schlempe, 165
Dessauer Werke für Zucker und Chemische Werke, 165
Deutsche Gold & Silber Scheideanstalt. See DEGUSSA
Dewey, Gov. Thomas, 158
diagriess, 152
Dickerson, Denver S., 71–72, 77–82, 84–85
Did Six Million Really Die? 221
Dillinger, John, 141
Dinsmore, Sanford C., 76–77
Discipline and Punishment, 16
discoids, 98, 152, 166
disinfection, 131–32, 155
Dmytryk, Edward, 164
Double Indemnity, 163
Douglas, Lewis Williams, 126, 129–30, 137, 170
Douglas, Louis Sprague, 107
Douglas, Justice William O., 200
Dow Chemical, 68, 137
Downs, James Cloyd, 98
drierite (anhydrous calcium sulfate), 152
Drosihn, Dr. Joachim, 167
Duffy, Warden Clinton T., 147, 184–85
Dugan, Eva, 100, 102
Dugdale, Richard Louis, 26–28, 88
Duke University School of Medicine, 111
dumping, 51–52
Dunbar, Tad, 208
Duplin County, North Carolina, 111
DuPont (E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.), 6, 10, 60–61, 68, 97, 98, 128, 137–38, 167, 168–69, 212–13
DuPont Dye Trust, 60–61
DuPont, Ethel, 169
DuPont, Eugene, 169
DuPont, Irénée, 97
DuPont, Lammot, Jr., 97
DuPonts, 130
Dutch, 27
Eaton Metal Products Co., 6, 10, 103, 109–10, 116, 117, 119–20, 122, 179, 193
Eatwell, Roger, 87
Eberl, Dr. Irmfried, 150
Edgewood Arsenal, 46, 47, 50, 126
Edison, Thomas, 13
Edwards, Leo, Jr., 214
Ehrmann, Herbert R., 184
Ehrmann, Sara R., 184, 290n25
Eichmann, Karl Adolf, 190–92
Eichmann in Jerusalem, 191–92
Eighth Amendment, 12, 13, 70–71, 106, 199–204, 209, 215, 223–25, 227
88 Men and 2 Women, 184
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 161, 188
Elbe River, 166, 167
electric chair, 1, 12, 14, 29, 30, 33, 64, 74, 100, 108, 207
electrocution, 12, 14, 29, 30, 33, 64, 74, 100, 108, 114, 121, 124, 141, 175, 177, 178, 180, 207
Elko, Nevada, 63, 98
Ellis Island, 127
Elmira, N.Y., 30
El Paso, Texas, 92, 131
El Paso Herald, 92
Embassy Newsreel Theatre, 162
England, 175
Engler, Deputy Attorney General Gerald, 219
Enlightenment, 16
environmental effects, 57
epileptics, 31
Erko, 152
Eshelman, Chaplain Byron, 196, 200
Espy, M. Watt, 3
Estabrook, Arthur H., 28
E-Stoff, 41
Ethiopia, 136
eugenics, 5, 26, 28, 31, 32, 89, 114, 122, 130, 132, 133, 135–37, 145
Eugenics Record Office, 28
Eugenics Research Institute, 135
Eugenics Society of Northern California, 122
euthanasia, 2, 11, 14, 15, 26, 28, 100, 134–35, 149–52, 156–57, 204
Evans, Connie Ray, 214
ewige Jude, Der, 132
executioner, 111, 210–11
execution methods, 1, 2, 8, 14, 17, 28–200, 203, 221, 224
execution moratorium, 11–12, 199–207
execution restoration, 11–12, 205–7
Exner, Franz, 86
Exodus, 192
extermination, 7, 8, 9, 30, 31, 89, 100, 155, 157, 167
Exum, Milford, 114
Fallon Standard, 75
Farben, IG (Interessen Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft), 7, 10, 66, 97, 98, 128, 131, 137–38, 149, 161–62, 165–71
Farmer, Millard, 213
fascism, 6, 86–87, 128, 133, 136, 139, 170, 177
Fassett, J. Sloat, 30
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 133–34, 140
federal prisoner, 146–47
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 66, 128
“feebleminded,” 28, 114, 136, 145–46
Fierro, David, 217, 219–25
Fierro v. Gomez, 219–25
Final Solution, 8, 89, 156, 159, 190
Fischer, E., 88
Fischer, Foreign Minister Joschka, 229
Fisher, Chester G., 43
Fisher Scientific Materials Company, 43
Flanders, 34
Flick, Friedrich, 170
Fliedner, Margaret, 103–4
Florence, Arizona, 107, 227
Florida, 207, 214
Floyd, “Pretty Boy,” 123, 141
Flury, Ferdinand, 38, 95–96
Folsom Prison, 118, 121
Ford, Edsell B., 128
Ford, Gerald, 203
Ford, Henry, 68, 87, 88, 127
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law, 65
Forensic Institute of Krakow, 222
forestite, 41
Fort Leavenworth, 148
Fortune magazine, 97
Foster, Allen, 110–13
Foucault, Michel, 16, 17, 18, 19
Fourteen Days in May, 213–14
Frame, James M., 70, 71, 75
France, 4, 38, 43, 48, 51, 63, 126, 133, 137, 190
Frankfurt am Main, 6, 7, 60, 92, 95, 162
Frankfurt Court of Assizes, 168
Frankfurter, Justice Felix, 200–201
Free speech movement, 190
Frelinghuysen, Sen. Theodore, 65
French Algerians, 34
Freudenthal, Berthold, 86
Friedberg, John M., 220–21
Fries, Amos A., 43–45, 48, 50, 53–58, 64, 66, 67, 71, 75, 83, 122, 134–35, 158, 177; biography, 261n41
Fumigation, 7, 55, 57, 62, 76, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 153, 166, 167
Furman, William, 201
Furman v. Georgia, 201–2
Fury, 119
Gallego, Gerald, 179–80
Gallup poll, 177, 188, 194, 211, 223
Galton, Sir Francis, 4
Gangelin, Victor A., 183
Gardner, Erle Stanley, 187
Garland, David, 16
Garnersville, California, 79
garrote, 29
Garth, Bryan G., 17
Garvan, Francis P., 61
gas chamber, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 18, 25, 30, 41, 49, 63–64, 72–75, 90–91, 100, 103–4, 109–10, 116, 117, 119–20, 133, 141–48, 150–56, 167, 177–99, 208–30
gas masks, 38, 40, 42, 49, 55, 117, 147–48, 155
gas plants, 47, 53, 60, 61
Geiger, Dr. J. C., 121
gender, 146
General Electric, 170
General Motors, 97, 127, 170
Geneva Convention (Geneva Protocol), 67–68
genocide, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, 89, 164
Gentleman’s Agreement, 164
George, Warren, 217
Georgia, 204, 214, 215
German-American collaboration, 11, 60–61, 64–66, 98, 126, 128, 130, 135–36, 168–69
German Board of Jurisdiction, 134
Germany, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 30, 31, 36, 42, 43, 48, 50, 52, 54, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 86–89, 91, 92, 97, 122, 126, 127, 128, 130, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 170, 176, 190, 193, 206, 227, 229–30
Gestapo, 128, 129, 130, 190
Gilman, Alfred, 58
Gilmore, Gary, 205
Gireth, Leslie, 147
Goebbels, Joseph, 132, 156
Goethe, Charles M., 122
Goffman, Erving, 17
Goldberg, Justice Arthur, 200
Goldwater, Sen. Barry, 188
Goodman, Louis S., 58
Goodman, Paul, 190
Göring, Hermann, 129, 136
Grafeneck, 151
Graham, Barbara, 182–83
Grant, Madison, 31–32, 88
Gray, Dr. M. H., 82
Gray, Jimmy Lee, 208–12
&
nbsp; Great Britain, 6, 11, 36, 38, 51, 130, 137, 157, 175
Great Depression, 6, 108, 130, 139–48, 185
Green, Paul, 144–45
Greenlease Kidnap Killers, 180
Gregg v. Georgia, 204, 207
guards, 78, 181–82, 216–17
guillotine, 29, 134
Gusen concentration camp, 152
Gypsies, 2, 132, 133, 152, 191, 193, 219
Haber, Fritz, 37–38, 52, 61, 92, 95
Haber, Ludwig, 38
Haber-Bosch Process, 61
Habermas, Jürgen, 18, 19
Hague, 36
Haiti, 9, 29
Hall, Carl Austin, 180–81
Hamann, Paul, 213
Hamburg, Germany, 154, 167
Hamburg-Amerika Line, 66
Hamer, Dr. Edward E., 82, 99–100
Hamill, Deputy Sheriff W. J. “Jack,” 69
Hamilton, Alexander, 30
Hamilton, Dr. Allan McLane, 29–30, 32–33, 63
Hamilton, Ed, 115
Haney, Craig W., 218–19
Hanfstaengl, Ernst (“Putzi”), 87, 88, 127
hanging, 1, 28–29, 100–102, 121, 124, 175, 177, 184, 194
Harding, Donald, 215–16
Harding, President Warren, 55, 65
Hardy, Dr. Joseph B., 79, 82
Harlem, New York City, 118
Harris, Daniel, 217
Harris, Robert Alton, 217–18
Harrison, Rep. Earl G., 164
Hart, J. J., 63
Hart, Sen. Philip A., 195
Hartheim concentration camp, 152
Harvard Law School, 126, 135
Harvard University, 45, 87, 127, 129, 131, 137
Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y., 47, 126
Haynes, Dr. John Randolph, 122
Hayward, Susan, 182–83
Headley, Bonnie Brown, 180–81
health effects, 51, 57, 59
Heerdt, Walter, 91–92, 166, 271n35
Heerdt-Lingler (Heli), 154, 166
Heinrichs, Warden R. B., 72
Henderson, Yandell, 43
heredity, 26–27, 87–88, 135
Hernandez, Fred, 107
Hernandez, Manuel, 107
Herodotus, 140
Hess, Rudolf, 88, 129, 136
Heyde, Dr. Werner, 149
Heydrich, Reinhard, 155
Hickok, Lorena A., 105–6
Hildebrand, Joel H., 44
Hill, Gov. David B., 28–29
Hipler, Fritz, 132
Hitler, Adolf, 1, 7, 9, 52, 86–89, 97, 119, 122, 123, 127, 128, 131–36, 149, 150, 156, 159–60, 177, 193
Hitler We Loved, The, 222
Hoboken, N. J., 60
Hoey, Gov. Clyde Roarke, 114
Hoffmann, Friedrich W. “Fritz,” 169
Hollywood, California, 122, 163, 164, 185
Holmes, Associate Justice Oliver W., 145
Holocaust, 1, 2, 11, 14, 18, 19, 152–71, 176, 193, 213, 219, 221–22
Holocaust-denial, 212–13, 221–22
Holocaust History Project, 152–53
Holocaust in American Life, The, 156, 192–93