Clovis, king of the Franks 36
Cluny, abbey of 27, 63, 69
Cologne 3, 78, 100, 103, 309, 314, 398, 412, 414, 608–10, 685, 744
Coloman I, king of Hungary 95, 96, 99–100, 103, 109
Columbus, Christopher 672, 914–15
Comana 113, 122, 132
Compostela, shrine of St James/Santiago at 54, 70, 263, 657
Conon of Béthune, poet and crusader 389, 510
Conrad, constable to Henry IV of Germany 171, 173
Conrad, duke of Mazovia 699–700, 703, 704
Conrad III, king of Germany 8, 252, 256, 274, 281–2, 284, 286–338 passim, 384, 417, 420, 677, 679–80
Conrad III (Conradin), king of Jerusalem 724, 727, 728, 730, 806, 898
Conrad IV, king of Germany, II, king of Jerusalem 724, 725–6, 727, 756, 762, 898
Conrad of Krosigk, bishop of Halberstadt 506, 508, 517, 520, 528, 542, 557, 619
Conrad of Montferrat, king of Jerusalem 372, 384, 402, 404, 406–9, 411, 413, 415, 416, 428, 429, 444, 450, 452, 454–5, 461, 462, 464–6, 518, 723
Constance, General Council of the Church at (1414–18) 710, 842, 902
Constance, princess of Antioch 191, 194, 346–7
Constance of France, wife of Bohemund of Taranto 261
Constance of Sicily, wife of Henry VI of Germany 417, 424, 441, 489
Constantine the Great, Roman emperor 4, 5, 33
Donation of 5
Constantine IX, Byzantine emperor 10
Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor 850, 864
Constantinople 2, 50, 52, 59, 61, 98, 108, 110, 112–14, 116, 118–22, 172, 319, 320, 321, 322, 326, 359, 422, 425, 535, 851
fall of (1453) 844, 846, 847, 850, 860, 863–6
and Fourth Crusade 495–6, 501, 524, 531, 539–60
Latin empire of 524, 535–6, 550–51, 554–60, 632, 756, 761–2
patriarch of 4, 551, 616, 850
Contarini, Venetian family 181
Cordoba 2, 653, 670
caliphate of 13, 53, 54, 653–7
Corfu, council at (1203) 531, 542, 546, 547, 551
cour de la fronde 213, 232
cour des bourgeois 223, 229, 232
Crac des Chevaliers (Hisn al-Akrad) 150, 197, 198, 345, 403, 721, 813, 820
Cresson, Springs of, battle of (1187) 367
Crete 138, 556
cross, as symbol 63–4, 65, 70–71, 250, 255, 259–60, 279, 293, 375, 384, 389, 421, 480–81, 567, 657, 680, 755, 771–2, 803, 853, 854, 861, 892–3, 896, 908–9
Crown of Thorns, the 556, 558, 762, 783
Crusades
against Albigensians 563–605, 608, 610, 612, 622, 894; atrocities generated by 579–80, 584, 585, 590–93
to Alexandria (1365) 831–4
against Aragon (1285) 898–9
against Balearic Islands 664
in the Baltic 19–20, 168, 292–3, 296, 304–8, 341, 488, 491, 500, 652, 674–712, 756, 834–5, 837
in defence of Belgrade (1456) 837, 844, 866–9
against Bosnians 743, 756
Children’s (1212) 585, 607–11
in Christendom 168, 266, 489, 500, 529, 543, 551–2, 563–605, 623, 666, 756, 818, 834–5, 894–905; opponents of 904–5
communal structures of 93–4, 139, 149, 153, 155, 161, 162, 295, 299–301, 309, 311–12, 314, 327, 414, 420, 467, 510, 530–31, 542, 547, 607–8, 627, 631, 632–3, 644, 761, 763–4, 775–6
confraternities for 776, 878–9
to recover Constantinople 865–6
crusades against crusaders 904
devotional role of 473–4, 477–88, 497–500, 585, 604, 606, 607–11, 620–21, 737–8, 801–2, 803, 825–6, 827, 828–9, 844–5, 857–8, 888–93
against Fra Dolcino 899
of 1100–1101 170–5, 261
of 1107–8 193–4, 246, 258, 259, 261–3, 537
of 1150 336
in England 895–6
as ethnic cleansing 674
to expand Christendom 838, 914
Fifth (1213–21) 606–49, 725, 913; (1227–9) 736–55
First 7–8, 27, 44, 45, 46, 51, 58–164, 258, 483; image of 243–9, 255, 263, 308, 418, 468, 641, 659, 662, 773–4, 802, 829
Fourth 245, 266, 423, 495–560, 584
against Frederick II 762–3, 772, 774–5, 834, 895, 896–8
by Frederick II 736–55
German (1195–8) 488–96
as part of Great Schism 900–901
against Hohenstaufen 805–6, 834, 894, 895, 898
in Hungary (1514) 881–3
against Hussites 835, 862, 902
in Italy 835–6, 851, 895, 898–901
and kingship/nationalism 601, 672–3, 773, 776–7, 783, 794, 813–14, 831, 838, 872, 885, 906–12
and knowledge of wider world 912–15
the last (1684–99) 917
for Latin Constantinople 756, 761–2, 763, 772, 775, 835, 838
of Louis IX (1248) 93, 604, 630, 648, 722, 770–802
of Louis IX (1270) 805–12
to al-Mahdiya (1390) 852–3
against Markward of Anweiler 500, 516, 894
mercenaries on 499–500, 514, 531, 542, 743, 763, 802, 832, 878
of Nicopolis (1396) 836, 847, 851, 852–8
and Orders of Chivalry 855, 859–61, 878
against Ottomans 835–8, 843–74
passim
‘Peasants” 59, 78–81, 94–106
as pilgrimage 65–6, 72–4, 172, 175, 375, 384, 396, 421, 440, 610, 687, 752, 782–3, 811
popular, of 1309 879–80
privileges and vow redemption 63, 64, 67, 74, 258–60, 274–5, 288, 293, 296, 297, 375, 376, 383, 391, 431, 481–6, 567, 583–5, 607–8, 612–17, 621, 622–3, 652, 655, 664, 666, 668, 671, 682, 685, 690–91, 736, 757–8, 769, 776, 778–9, 834–5, 852, 865, 871, 888, 892, 894, 896, 911
against Protestants 902–3
against Russians 756, 835
scope of 834–8
Second 8, 28, 93, 105, 167, 189, 199, 216, 245, 260, 268–338, 341, 345, 384, 418, 665
Shepherds’ (1251) 721, 802–4; (1320) 880–81
social and civil impact of 607–9, 611, 619–20, 671, 679, 736–8, 758, 775, 802–4, 855, 875–88
in Spain 168, 258, 263–4, 293, 304–5, 308–17, 341, 488, 585, 608, 652, 660–73, 834, 838
taxation for 276–7, 297, 298, 381, 389–91, 424, 482, 487, 490, 499–500, 508, 586, 600–601, 617, 631–2, 691, 697, 743, 747, 757, 778–9, 808–9, 814–16, 830, 831, 832, 837, 865, 871, 878, 888, 896, 897, 900, 905
Third 18, 93, 105, 245, 260, 290, 354, 375–474, 483, 484
of 1239–41 755–69
of Varna 847, 862–3
Venetian (1122–5) 265–6, 515–16
women and 295, 396–7, 415, 420, 428, 483, 486, 619, 621, 736, 802
Cyprus 52, 53, 135, 138, 145, 195, 781, 817, 826, 834, 837
conquest of (1191) 436, 443–6, 448, 473, 532, 535
Frankish rule in 716–33 passim
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, patriarch of Jerusalem 63, 161, 178, 201
Damascus 12, 187, 188, 254, 264, 267, 268, 272, 330–35, 344, 346, 353
Damietta 349, 629–49 passim, 736, 784, 787–9, 792, 794–5, 797
Danishmends, Turkish tribe 11, 127, 128, 129–30, 173–4, 190, 195, 201
Dante Inferno 351
Dartmouth, crusade muster point 295, 296, 298, 299, 308–9, 311, 414, 436, 627
Demmin 307, 680
Devol, treaty of (1108) 193–4, 262
Dhuoda of Septimania 37
Diego Gelmirez, archbishop of Compostela 263, 664
Diego, bishop of Osma 581, 615
Dirgham, Egyptian vizier 347–8
Dobin 306, 680
Dobrin (Dobryzn), Knights of 257, 686, 704
Dolcino, Piedmontese heretic 899
Domenico Michiel, doge of Venice 265–6
Dominic Guzman, founder of Dominicans 581, 615
Dominicans, Order of Preacher
s 487, 581, 602, 705, 736–7, 756, 775, 777, 811
Dorylaeum, battle of (1097) 73, 84, 93, 117, 129–30, 140, 148; (1147) 317, 320
Dream of the Rood, The 39
Drogo of Nesle 107
Duqaq of Damascus 128, 138
Duodechin of Lahnstein 299
Durazzo (Durres) 12, 108, 112, 113, 115, 118, 193, 262–3, 290, 537
Dyle, river, battle of 38
Ecry-sur-Aisne, tournament at (1199) 502–3, 504
Edessa 59, 126, 129, 145, 149, 158, 189, 202, 330
principality of 134, 178, 185–9, 190, 331
fall of (1144) 268–9, 273–5
Edmund, king of East Anglia, saint 41, 624
Edmund Crouchback, earl of Lancaster 809, 810, 898
Edward I, king of England 722, 814, 818, 909
on crusade 720, 731, 808–10, 812–13
Edward II, king of England 829–30
Edward III, king of England 830, 886, 909
Edward IV, king of England 887
Edward VI, king of England, Prayer Books of 893, 903
Egypt, Egyptians 22, 155, 175, 342, 344, 360
Fatimid caliphate of 1–2, 12, 53, 124, 125–8, 129, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 149, 152, 153, 177, 181, 202, 203, 225, 346–9, 352
Fifth Crusade and 628–49
target of crusades 461, 469, 473, 509, 511, 512–13, 515, 521, 524, 540, 542, 551, 648, 789–90, 799–800, 802, 810
attacked by Louis IX 784–802
wars over in 1160s 346–9
Ekkehard of Aura, chronicler 104, 174, 243
Eleanor, duchess of Aquitaine, queen of France and England 280, 295, 319, 331, 335–6, 442
Elias of Périgord, Cardinal Talleyrand 832
Elijigidei, Mongol general 785–6
Elizabeth I, queen of England 902, 903
Embriaco, Genoese family, rulers of Gibelet/Jubail 181, 198, 728–9, 732
Emeric, king of Hungary 510, 527, 626
Emich, count of Flonheim 80, 95–6, 100–105, 108
Engelbert of Tournai 155
England, kingdom of 18–20, 205, 206, 395–7
English 61, 140, 153, 308–17, 336, 395–6, 623–5, 708–9, 744–5, 786–7, 788, 820
Enrico Dandolo, doge of Venice 512, 513, 515, 526–33, 542, 550–51, 555
Ephesus 325–6
Ephraim, rabbi of Bonn 106, 283–4
Erard of Valéry, crusader 814
Erdmann, Carl 35, 68
Eric I, king of Denmark 251
Eric IV, king of Denmark 696
Eric IX, king of Sweden and saint 697, 908
Eric XI, king of Sweden 697
Erlembald of Milan 47
Esbern, brother of Absolon, archbishop of Lund 681
Eskil, archbishop of Lund 305
Establissement dou roi Baudoin 206
Estonia 677, 681, 682, 685, 688–9, 692, 693, 694–6, 698, 705–6
Etampes, assembly at (1147) 276, 290, 291
Eugenius III, pope 260, 273–5, 281, 289, 293, 304, 318, 336, 337, 665
bull Quantum praedecessores 274–5, 278, 285, 296
Eusebius of Caesarea 33
Eustace III, count of Boulogne 59, 108–9, 116, 207
Eustace Garnier, lord of Caesarea and Sidon 220
Everard III of Le Puiset, viscount of Chartres 249
Everard of Barres, Templar 327
Evesham, battle of (1265) 896, 908
Excalibur, sword 451
Fakhr al-Din, Egyptian emir and diplomat 745–6, 749, 753, 787–8, 789, 790, 792
Fellin 685
Ferdinand I, king of Leon-Castile 658–9
Ferdinand II, king of Aragon 671, 910, 914
Ferdinand III, king of Leon-Castile 670, 908
Field of Blood, battle of (1119) 187, 191, 265, 271, 371
finance 27, 76, 78, 85–6, 103, 108, 116, 139, 149, 179, 276–7, 290, 297–8, 331, 389–99, 418, 423–4, 432–7, 441, 444, 450, 452, 483, 485, 487, 489–90, 498–9, 503–8, 512–14, 517, 525–8, 533, 540, 546–7, 553, 586, 607, 616–17, 631–2, 722–3, 736, 742–5, 757–8, 763–4, 765, 769, 777–82, 798, 807, 808–9, 813, 828, 899–900
Finland 685, 697–8
Firuz of Antioch 114, 142
Flanders, county of, Flemish 17, 62, 64, 67, 72, 82, 308–17, 453
Florence, General Council of the Church at (1439) 849–50, 862
Folkwin, master of Swordbrothers of Livonia 693
France, kingdom of 15–18, 42
Francis I, king of France 873
Francis of Assisi 630, 638
Franciscans, Order of Friars Minor 487, 705, 756, 777, 826
Franco, Francisco, General, dictator 673
Frankfurt, Diet of (1147) 288, 292–3, 304, 305, 489, 679
Frederick, duke of Swabia 398, 426, 427–30
Frederick I Barbarossa, duke of Swabia, king of Germany, emperor 245, 288, 293, 335, 342, 377, 389, 394, 397–8, 434, 439, 537
on Third Crusade 403, 409, 413, 414, 417–28, 430, 431, 550
Frederick II, king of Germany and Sicily, emperor 493, 606–7, 612, 615, 616, 625, 626, 627, 630, 632, 633, 641, 643, 644, 646, 647–8, 699–700, 704, 716, 724, 725–6, 736, 756, 760, 765, 768, 780, 785, 897–8
his crusade 736, 738–55
Frederick III, king of Germany, emperor 865
Frederick von Hausen 426
Frisia, Frisians 82, 398, 412, 636
Froissart, John, poet and chronicler 856, 857
Fulcher, brother of the vidame of Chartres 95, 109
Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler 86, 106–7, 134, 161, 177, 181, 202, 214–15, 222, 227, 240, 258
Fulk, patriarch of Jerusalem 167, 330
Fulk V, count of Anjou, king of Jerusalem 188, 195, 197, 206–8, 220, 230, 249, 252, 254, 256, 258, 259. 264, 268, 330
Fulk of Guines 221
Fulk of Marseilles, bishop of Toulouse 575, 577, 585
Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou 43, 252
Fulk of Neuilly, evangelist 497–500, 502, 503–4, 508, 588, 615
Fulk le Rechin (the Sour), count of Anjou 63, 72
Gaimar, poet 246
Galilee, principality of 178, 179, 197, 205, 220, 221, 355
Gaston, bishop of Cahors 63, 73
Gaston IV, viscount of Béarn, engineer 155
Gaza, battle of (1239) 766, 767, 768
Gelasius II, pope 250
Genghis Khan 641
Genoa, Genoese 55, 85, 155, 156, 170, 179–81, 197, 198, 238, 304, 316, 389, 402, 424, 433, 437, 440, 441, 450, 461, 465, 511, 513, 516, 619, 631, 665, 718, 726, 727–8, 738, 780–81, 787, 789, 796, 808, 817, 837, 838, 845, 847, 851, 852–3, 914
Geoffrey, abbot of Vendôme 64, 74
Geoffrey, count of Anjou 195, 207
Geoffrey of Asch 231–2
Geoffrey Chaucer and his Knight 708, 833, 905
Geoffrey FitzPeter, English justiciar 395, 485
Geoffrey of Lusignan 403, 454
Geoffrey of Monmouth, writer 250
Historia Regum Brittaniae 250
Geoffrey of Rancon 294, 295, 326
Geoffrey of Sergines, bailli of Jerusalem 722, 727
Geoffrey of Signes 27
Geoffrey of Thoisy 859, 861
Geoffrey of Villehardouin, crusader and chronicler 495, 498, 499, 504, 505, 510–11, 514, 516, 517–20, 525–33, 535, 542–3, 551–2, 556
George, count of Weid 627–8
George Brancovic, ruler of Serbia 862
George Dozsa, crusader rebel 882
Gerald of Nazareth, bishop of Lattakiah, writer 231, 236
Gerald of Wales 385–8, 395, 396, 479
Journey through Wales 385 et seq. Gerard of Avesnes 221
Gerard of Ridefort, master of Templars 359, 367, 371, 405, 411
Gerhoh of Reichersberg, chronicler 247
Gerold, patriarch of Jerusalem 747, 750, 752, 754
Gervase, sacrist of Canterbury, chronicler 393, 434
Gesta Francorum, account of First Crusade 244–5, 246
author of 92
Geza, king of Hungary 289, 318, 321
Ghibellines 898
see also Guelph
Ghillebert de Lannoy, courtier and spy 859, 860
Gibbon, Edward 846
Gil Albornoz, legate 900
Gilbert of Garlande 107
Gilbert of Hastings, bishop of Lisbon 316
Gilbert of Mons, chronicler 473
Gilbert of Tournai, OFM 815
Gisors, crusade meeting at (1188) 377–8, 381, 392, 394, 397, 409, 431
God, Peace and Truce of 43–4, 48, 56, 64, 613, 660
Godehilde of Tosni 109, 202
Godfrey, bishop of Würzburg 377, 383, 386
Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine 48, 59, 60, 77, 78, 94, 103, 108–10, 111, 113, 114–15, 119, 130, 131, 137, 142, 150–52, 155–7, 159–62, 168, 178, 201, 202, 216, 221, 232, 308, 716, 826, 845, 887
Godfrey of Esch 109
Godfrey of Lower Lorraine 48
Godfrey of St Omer, founder of Templars 254
Godfrey Burel of Etampes 94–5, 97, 99
Godfrey de la Roche, bishop of Langres 277, 295, 297, 322, 323
Godric of Finchale, hermit 259
Golden Fleece, Order of 859–61
goose, from Cambrai, crusade leader 88
Gormond, patriarch of Jerusalem 214, 515–16
Gottschalk, crusade leader 80, 95, 96, 99
Göttweig, abbey of 32
Granada, capture of (1492) 655, 672, 910
Gratian of Bologna, Decretum of 258
Gregory I, pope 28
Gregory III, pope 5
Gregory IV, Armenian Catholicos 420–21
Gregory VII, pope 7–8, 44, 47–50, 55, 56, 61, 67, 73, 75, 126, 569, 571, 659, 660
his Militia Sancti Petri 47, 48
plan to help Byzantium 49–50, 74
Gregory VIII, pope 374, 380, 482
bull Audita Tremendi (1187) 374, 375–7, 380, 386, 391, 392, 484
Gregory IX, pope 620, 648, 688, 700, 736, 739–40, 747, 755, 756–8, 760–62, 769, 835, 897
Gregory X, pope 706, 721, 722, 812–13, 814–16, 905
Gregory XI, pope 889, 905
Guelph 898
see also Ghibellines
Guibert of Nogent, writer 85, 86, 88, 92, 93, 96, 214, 243, 245, 246
Guigo, abbot of Chartreuse 255–6
Guillaume Dufay, composer 860
Guillaume de Machaut, poet and musician 833
Guillaume le Veneur 259
Guillermus of Cormery, expatriate chaplain 83
Gunther of Pairis, writer 245, 479, 498, 532, 540, 557
Guy, abbot of Les Vaux de Cernay 503, 529, 532, 542, 584, 586
Guy of Beirut 334
Guy of Florence, cardinal of St Grisogono 295
Guy of Hauteville 77, 114
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