Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem 209, 211, 354, 359–72, 405–11, 415, 416, 429, 444, 450, 454, 457, 460, 465, 490
Guy of Signes 27
Guy of Vigevano, doctor, slug recipe of 828
Guyuk, Mongol Khan 785–6
Hadrian IV, pope 336, 481
Haifa 153, 179, 511
al-Hakim, mad caliph of Egypt 55
Hamdan ibn Abd al-Rahmin, doctor and chronicler 192
Hamo l’Estrange, lord of Beirut 728–9
Hanbali, Muslim sect of 229, 270
Harald Hardrada, king of Norway 19, 20
Harold II, king of England 19, 44, 459
Harold Bluetooth, king of Denmark 19
Harran, siege of (1104) 186, 190
Hartmann, count of Dillingen-Kybourg 80
Hartwig II, archbishop of Bremen 488, 491, 689–90
Hastings, battle of (1066) 45, 67, 75
Hasunan, Kurdish knight 230
Hattin, battle of (1187) 158, 179, 342, 351, 353, 354, 356, 368–74
Hayton, Armenian prince and writer 913
Heliand, The 39
Helmold of Bosau, chronicler 304, 306, 307, 337–8, 679, 682
Henry, bishop of Strassburg 377, 398
Henry, count of Malta 625, 647
Henry, prince of the Abotrites 678
Henry I, duke of Brabant 491–2
Henry I, king of Cyprus 727, 748
Henry I, king of England 195, 207, 247, 249–50, 252, 262
Henry I, king of France 10
Henry II, count of Bar 759, 761, 762, 765–6
Henry II, count of Champagne, ruler of Jerusalem 416, 428, 432, 457, 464, 466–70, 492, 505, 723, 724, 761
Henry II, king of Cyprus, I, king of Jerusalem 732, 818, 820–21
Henry II, king of England 18, 205, 209, 234, 252, 342, 356, 361, 376–8, 380–82, 390, 393, 394–5, 397, 419, 434–5, 453
Henry II, king France 902
Henry II, king of Germany, emperor, saint 10, 289
Henry III, king of England 351, 600, 603, 623, 737–8, 744, 753, 755, 773, 774, 800, 807, 809, 813, 895–6, 898
Henry III, king of Germany, emperor 6
Henry III, duke of Limburg 397
Henry IV, king of England 708–9, 851
Henry IV, king of France 910
Henry IV, king of Germany, emperor 6, 7, 47, 48, 62, 69, 105, 109
Jerusalem plan of 246, 251–2, 677
Henry IV, duke of Limburg 744, 747–8
Henry V, king of England 456, 859, 912
Henry VI, king of England 844
Henry VI, king of Germany, emperor 392–3, 417, 418, 423–4, 441–2, 472, 489–94, 495, 509, 537, 539, 699, 716, 724, 740, 742
Henry VII, king of Germany, emperor 899
Henry VIII, king of England 901, 902, 903
Henry of Albano, cardinal 376–7, 379, 380, 381, 386–7, 417, 420
Henry Despenser, bishop of Norwich 892
his crusade 900–901
Henry of Esch 109
Henry of Hainault-Flanders, emperor of Constantinople 505, 547
Henry Jasomirgott, duke of Bavaria 288, 293
Henry Knighton, chronicler 909, 911
Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony 218, 259, 292, 306, 341, 378, 393, 394, 418, 419, 679, 680, 682, 683
Henry of Livonia, chronicler 686
Henry Marcy, abbot of Cîteaux 580–81
Henry the Monk, donatist heretic 580
Henry the Navigator, prince of Portugal 672
Heraclea (Ereghli) 131, 174, 175
Heraclius, Byzantine emperor 35, 52, 58, 379, 887
Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem 216, 218, 342, 357, 361, 363–4, 365, 372, 382, 417, 429
Herluin, interpreter 146
Hermann ‘quondam Judeus’, né Judas Levi of Cologne, convert 286
Hermann of Salza, master of the Teutonic Knights 699–701, 743, 747, 753, 839
Hervé, count of Nevers 587–9, 593
Hervey of Glanvill 309, 312
Hildegard, abbess of Bingen 341
Hitler, Adolf 689
Hodierna of Jerusalem, countess of Tripoli 199, 200
Hohenstaufen dynasty and crusade 606–7
Holy Blood, for women 621
Holy Fire, ritual of 231
Holy Lance, the 93, 144–5, 146, 160, 173–4
Holy Sepulchre, priory and canons of 221–2, 223–4, 253, 355, 665
Homs 188, 198, 331
Honaz see Cadmus
Honorius III, pope 600, 606, 619, 626, 641, 695, 736, 741, 747, 896
Hospitallers, the, Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem 169, 179, 198, 213, 217, 221, 224, 235, 253–7, 334, 354, 355, 367, 371, 409, 449, 457, 605, 639, 665, 667, 681, 683, 726, 727, 748, 750, 752, 768, 792, 830
criticisms of 838–41, 842
established on Rhodes 706, 834, 837, 842–3, 861, 879, 884–5
role in English politics 839
Hostiensis (Henry of Segusio) 894, 904
Hubert, scholar and crusade recruiter 736, 738
Hubert of Paceo 220
Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury 395, 428–9, 430, 471
Hugh, abbot of Cluny 63, 251
Hugh, archbishop of Lyons 171
Hugh, bishop of Jubail 273, 323
Hugh, count of Avranches and earl of Chester 48–9
Hugh, count of Troyes 254
Hugh, count of Vermandois 59, 107–8, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 119, 147, 171, 175
Hugh II, king of Cyprus 728
Hugh II, count of Jaffa 206–7, 208, 209, 220
Hugh III, duke of Burgundy 378, 390, 397, 437, 440, 441, 443, 449, 454–5, 457, 464–6, 468–9
Hugh III, king of Cyprus, I, king of Jerusalem 724, 729, 730–32, 813
Hugh IV, duke of Burgundy 759, 761, 765–6, 775, 784, 808
Hugh IV, count of St Pol 502, 505, 507–8, 520, 540, 542–3, 547, 550
Hugh Bunel, murderer 82–3
Hugh Capet, king of France 16
Hugh of Chaumont, lord of Amboise 249, 253
Hugh Eteriano, scholar 537
Hugh of Ibelin 228, 357, 358
Hugh of Le Puiset, lord of Jaffa 221
Hugh of Payns, founder of Templars 254–5, 264–5
Hugh of St Omer, lord of Galilee 220, 221
Hulegu, Mongol commander 806–7
Humbaud, bishop of Auxerre 247
Humbert II, dauphin of Vienne 843
Humbert III the Old of Beaujeu 256
Humbert V of Beaujeu 601, 759, 762
Humbert of Romans, preacher 688, 814
Humphrey II of Toron 351, 360
Humphrey III of Toron 235, 361, 365, 371, 405, 429, 458, 466
Humphrey Bohun, earl of Hereford 708, 832
Hundred Years War, the 707, 831, 835, 836, 851, 852, 856, 901, 911
Hus, Jan, and Hussites 902, 912
Ibelin, family of 221, 238, 725–7, 731, 754
Ibn al-Athir, historian 333, 344–5, 351, 372, 384–5, 405, 414, 464, 643
Ibn al-Jawzi, writer 754–5
Ibn Jubayr, pilgrim 215, 228, 237
Ibn al-Khashshab, qadi of Aleppo 271
Ibn al-Khayyat, poet 270
Ibn Munir, poet 270
Ibn al-Qalanisi, chronicler 125, 182, 197, 329, 334–5
Ibn al-Qaysarani, poet 270
Ibn Shaddad see Beha al-Din
Ibn Wasil, civil servant and chronicler 746
Iconium (Konya) battle of (1190) 426
Ida, margravine of Austria 175
Iftikhar al-Dawla, governor of Jerusalem 155, 157
Il-Ghazi, ruler of Mardin 191, 192
Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, civil servant and writer 269–70, 353
Imad al-Din Zengi, atabeg of Mosul and of Aleppo 158, 187–9, 192, 203, 268–73, 343, 344, 368, 415
Inab, battle of (1149) 189, 331, 336, 344, 371
indulgences 45, 48, 50, 54–5, 56, 63, 64, 67, 74, 87, 168, 248, 250, 258, 274, 378, 489, 495, 500, 551–2, 581, 5
82, 585–6, 597–8, 606, 608, 613–14, 633–4, 655, 660, 662, 664, 665, 695, 698, 708, 757–8, 832, 853, 863, 865, 871, 872–4, 884, 888, 893, 896, 902, 911
see also Crusades: privileges and vow redemption
Ingelheim 37
Innocent II, pope 14, 275
Innocent III, pope 477, 479–88, 494, 515, 538, 557, 560, 563, 568, 581–2, 585, 606, 608, 611, 626, 635, 683, 685, 687, 690, 721, 893, 894–5, 896
Ad Liberandam 481–2, 612, 616–18, 634, 815
Albigensian Crusade and 566, 576, 582–8, 592, 597–9, 604, 605
Excommunicamus 894
Fifth Crusade and 606–7, 612–17, 621–2, 625, 628, 634
Fourth Crusade and 495–500, 503, 509–11, 514, 524, 529–30, 532, 538–9, 541, 543, 555
Quia Maior (1213) 477–8, 481–2, 597–8, 612–16, 621, 634
Innocent IV, pope 700, 702, 705, 758, 772, 773–4, 776, 778, 783, 785, 895, 904–5
Innocent VI, pope 842
Innocent VIII, pope 892–3
Inquisition, the 567, 602–3, 604
Investiture Contest, the 6–8, 47–8, 73, 172, 251–2
Ipswich 309
Isabella, queen of Castile 671, 914
Isabella of Ibelin, lady of Beirut 728–9
Isabella I, queen of Jerusalem 357–65, 429, 454, 466, 492, 723–4, 725
Isabella II, queen of Jerusalem 612, 632, 724, 725, 741, 747
Isabella of Portugal, duchess of Burgundy 861
Isaac II Angelus, Byzantine emperor 418, 419–20, 422–5, 434, 490, 518, 537, 546–9
Isaac Comnenus, ruler of Cyprus 443–6, 451, 535
Isidore of Seville 663
Istanbul 865
see also Constantinople
Ivo, bishop of Chartres 236
Jacques de Molay, last Master of the Temple 840–42
Jaffa 153, 174, 179, 219, 221, 492, 494, 722, 724, 730, 748, 810
battle for (1192) 353, 470–71
treaty of (1192) 461, 471, 473, 483, 640, 715, 751
treaty of (1229) 745, 746, 751–2
James, apostle and saint 655, 657, 662–3
James I, king of Aragon 598, 670, 809, 810–11, 815–16
James of Avesnes 409, 412, 413, 416, 432, 459, 908
James Tedaldo, writer 860
James of Vitry, bishop of Acre 477, 479, 497, 499, 584, 608, 615, 618, 619–20, 626, 629, 641, 642, 736
Jarento, abbot of St Bénigne, Dijon 76
Jean Germain, bishop of Châlons 859–61, 866
Jerome, saint
Vulgate of 30, 572, 573
Jerusalem 12, 35, 49, 53, 58, 68–70, 75, 120, 129, 137, 149, 167–9, 740
and the conquest of the Americas 914–15
first kingdom of 60, 159, 160, 178–82, 197, 200–240, 354–74; representative assemblies in 355–6
as goal of First Crusade 63, 66–70, 81–2
as goal of Third Crusade 460–74
as stated goal of crusades 375–6, 473–4, 501–2, 524, 529–30, 540, 639–41, 794, 800
partition plans for 466–7, 469–70, 751–2
patriarchate of 4, 78, 218, 616
pilgrimages to 43, 55, 56, 65, 68–70, 74, 81–2, 83, 116, 167, 169, 180, 216–18, 221, 243–4, 251–3, 329, 330, 379, 662, 826
recovery of, plans and schemes for 827–34, 836, 840, 853–4, 855, 866, 870, 872, 881
second kingdom of 715–33, 764, 806–8, 813–22
siege and fall of (638) 51–2; (1099) 31, 60, 82–3, 117, 142, 153–60, 351, 374, 554, 887–8; (1187) 351, 356, 372–4; (1244) 771, 772
Jews 78, 100, 108, 155, 227, 284, 389, 482, 757, 804, 867
persecution of (1096) 55, 59, 61, 71, 79, 95, 97, 100–106, 282; (1099) 158; (1146–7) 282–6, 292; (1190) 438–9; (in Spain) 656; (by Louis IX) 778, 804; (1320) 881
jihad 21, 52–4, 269–73, 334, 344–5, 352–3, 657, 846
Joan, queen of Sicily 442, 443, 461
Joan of Arc 909–10
Joannitza, king of Bulgaria 550, 555–6
Jocelyn of Brakelond, monk and chronicler 393
John, bishop of Speyer 101
John, king of England 393, 431, 466, 470, 484, 496, 502, 508, 576, 582, 587–9, 595, 612–13, 615, 620, 623, 895
John, king of Sweden 695
John, lord of Joinville, crusader and memorialist 776, 779, 781, 782–3, 787–801 passim, 805, 809, 814
John, saint, Book of Revelation of 31, 157
John I Tzimisces, Byzantine emperor 53
John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 188, 194, 265, 268, 323, 534
John II, king of France 832, 883
John IV the Oxite, patriarch of Antioch 193
John V Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 847, 849, 851
John VI Cantacuzene, Byzantine emperor 843, 851
John VIII, pope 38
John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 849–50, 859
John XII, pope 6
John XXII, pope 830, 835, 889, 899–900, 901
John the Baptist 30, 254, 497
John of Basingstoke, scholar 537
John Beaufort 853–4
John Bessarion, cardinal 844, 846, 849
John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, emperor of Constantinople 556–7, 612, 629, 630–32, 639, 641, 642–7, 716, 725, 736, 740, 741, 743, 756, 897
John Bromyard, OP 891
John of Capistrano, Observant Franciscan and saint 866–9, 891
John the Fearless, count of Nevers, duke of Burgundy 854–7, 858, 861
John of Friaise 510
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 853, 854, 901
John Hunyadi, regent of Hungary 862–3, 867–9
John of Ibelin, lord of Arsuf 727, 728
John of Ibelin, ‘Old Lord of Beirut’ 494, 725, 748
John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa 727, 728, 729–31, 784, 787, 791, 806
Le Livre des Assises 729–30
John of Mantua 67
John Paston II, owner of a book on Richard I 886
John Paul II, pope 560, 917
John Phocas, pilgrim 221
John of Plano Carpini, OFM 785
John Sarrasin, French civil servant 787
John Scot Erigena 37
John Torcello, Greek agent 859
John of Würzburg, pilgrim 217, 221, 253, 677
John Wyclif, heresiarch 901, 905
De Cruciata 901
John of Xanten, preacher 619
Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa 186–7, 221, 271
Joscelin II of Courtenay, count of Edessa 188–9, 268, 331
Joscelin III of Courtenay, titular count of Edessa 357, 358–60, 364
Joscius, archbishop of Tyre 374, 376, 493
Joseph, monk of Canterbury and pilgrim 83
Julian Caesarini, cardinal 862–3
Julius II, pope 901
Julius III, pope 902
just war 32–51, 258
Kalavun, sultan of Egypt 732, 817, 818
Kalojan, king of Bulgaria 510
Kalonymos, rabbi of Mainz 101–2
al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt 630–49 passim, 742, 745–6, 747–52, 755, 764
Karaman 427
Kerak 203, 224, 363, 367, 372, 639
Kerbogha, atabeg of Mosul 129, 134, 137, 138, 140–41, 143, 144, 146–7, 149, 186, 204, 246
Khwarazmians, Turkish freebooters 746, 769, 771
Kibotos 82, 98, 99, 108, 119
Kilij Arslan I, sultan of Rum 124, 127, 128, 129–30, 174, 203
Kilij Arslan II, sultan of Rum 419, 426
Knightsbridge 255
Konya 131, 534
see also Iconium
Koran, the, translations of 245, 859
Kossovo, battle of (1389) 843, 863; (1448) 863
La Forbie, battle of (1244) 771
La Merced, Order of 667
Ladislaus, king of Bohemia 282
Ladislaus IV, king of Hungary 862–3
Lambert, bishop of Arras 63
Landulph, Byzantine agent 327
Lapps 4
Las Navas de Tolosa, battle of (1212) 612, 668–9
Lateran, St John, palace and church of, Rome
First General Church Council at (1123) 488–9, 664
Third General Church Council at (1179) 489, 551, 578, 580, 583
Fourth General Church Council at (1215) 260, 387, 481, 482, 487, 568, 585, 598–9, 616–17, 687, 893
Fifth General Church Council at (1512–17) 873
Lattakiah 117, 135–6, 150, 161, 178, 190, 193, 628, 817
Lavaur, massacre at (1211) 579–80, 584, 585
Lazarus, Order of 256–7
Leo II, king of Armenia 490, 493–4, 632, 644, 716
Leo III, pope 5
Leo IV, pope 38
Leo IX, pope 14, 46
Leopold V, duke of Austria 398–9, 418, 453, 472, 478
Leopold VI, duke of Austria 487, 584, 606, 615, 626, 629, 635, 669
Lepanto, battle of (1571) 903–4
Limoges 72, 74
Lincoln, battle of (1217) 896
Lisbon, siege of (1147) 300, 304, 308–17, 665
Lithuania 677, 682, 684, 689, 693–4, 705–10
Livonia 488, 491, 500, 681, 685–94, 701, 705, 706, 711
Livre au Roi 729
Livy 32
locusts, plagues of 181
Lombards 61, 98, 172–3, 174, 175, 224
War of 725–6
London, Londoners 3, 300, 309, 396, 412, 414, 432, 438, 608
Lorraine, Lorrainers 59, 62, 79, 81, 108–10, 293
Louis, duke of Orléans 854
Louis I, count of Blois 502–3, 505, 507–8, 510, 518, 520, 550, 556, 613
Louis I, count of Clermont, duke of Bourbon 878–9, 880–81, 883
Louis I, duke of Bavaria 625, 645, 741
Louis II, duke of Bourbon 852–3, 883
Louis III, landgrave of Thuringia 413, 418, 428
Louis IV, king of Germany 705, 830, 899
Louis IV, landgrave of Thuringia 744, 746–7
Louis VII, king of France 16, 18, 252, 275–81, 283, 289–338 passim, 384, 420, 489, 550, 580, 737
Louis VIII, king of France 451, 453, 566, 576, 588, 592, 598–601, 620, 622
Louis IX, king of France 345, 558, 601, 670, 727, 728, 737, 758, 759, 762, 769, 830, 881, 908
first crusade 604, 722, 770–802, 803–4, 909
second crusade 805–14
Louis XI, king of France 870
Louis XII, king of France 873
Lowestoft 414
Lübeck 305, 430, 685, 689, 690–92, 701, 702, 704, 744
Lucca 61, 118
Lucius II, pope 273–4, 581
Ad abolendam (1184) 581
Lucius III, pope 342, 417
Ludolf of Tournai 157
Lydda 153
Lyons
First General Council of the Church at (1245) 772, 774, 778, 779, 785, 897
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