Southeast Asia, 28
South Wales, England, 222
Southwest Script/Southwestern Alphabet/southwestern script, 50, 177–78, 183, 184, 187, 188, 189, 202
Spain: alphabet/script and, 177, 178, 183, 189; archaeologists in, studying Cádiz area, 30; Atlantean race and, 198, 202; author’s theory about Atlantis in, 59; the Basques and, 165, 191, 202; blond-haired people in, 197, 198; Castelos, Carlos Alberto Basilio, project in, 180; Celts in, 51, 202; Diaz-Montexano, Georgeos, and, 242; earth-quake tremors in, 35; Guanches people and, in Canary Islands, 151, 152–53; migration to, 171; mountains in, 147; record destruction and, 232; wild life in, 94, 95
Spanuth, Jurgen, 242
Spartel Island, just outside Straits of Gibraltar, 72, 73, 241
Sphinx, 220, 233
springs, 15, 98, 99, 118, 140, 156, 224, 248
St. Brendan’s Isle, 27–28
St. Vincent, Cape (Portugal), 35, 57, 62, 68, 69, 74, 130
stag bone, engraved letters on, 181–82
standing stone(s) (menhir[s]): age of, 210–11, 212, 213; The Alatuir, 214; alphabet on, 175; author and, 3–4, 7; description of, 207–8; egg shape of, 216; in Lagos museum, 207, 213; location of, 211–12, 217; motif/DNA helix on, 4, 196, 208, 209, 209, 213, 216–17; from Silves’ area, 207; Slavic legend about, 5; in southwestern Algarve region, 55, 133 story about, 206; Vinca and, 215, 221
statues, 18, 156, 159, 199, 251
step-pyramids/pyramids, 146–47, 151–52, 197, 215, 217, 219–23
Stone Age, 80, 81, 208, 224
Stonehenge, 221
stones/rocks, 100–101, 120–22, 125, 177, 182, 202, 250. See also standing stone(s) (menhir[s])
Strabo, 54, 155, 173, 174, 175, 178–79
Straits of Gibraltar: Atlantis and, 76, 77, 166, 167; Gadeirus’ rule extending to, 166; Gades’ region and, 62; geography of, 66, 67, 68; Gorringe Bank and, 151; island in front of, 65; Kolaios in, 54; legendary king in, 53; navigation and, in ancient times, 143–44; pelagos and, 241; The Pillars of Hercules located in, 59–60, 60; in Plato’s account, 14; trade through, 51
Straits of Hercules (Heracles), 14, 245
submerged land: Atlantis and, 146; desert island and, 154; Grand Bahamas Bank, 163; in mid-Atlantic, 138; plain, described by Plato, 73, 74, 75–76, 137, 145
Sumeria/Sumerians: caduceus symbol originating from, 209, 209; clay tablet inscriptions and, 216; egg symbol and, 210; in Iraq, 9; knowledge of, 231; Kurdistan as ancestors of, 201; Middle East peoples and, 204; pyramids and, 222–23; as rulers, 89; Sitchin, Zechaira, and, 208; standing stone (menhir) and, 213; Vinca civilization and, 215, 223
Swaziland, South Africa, 216
Sweden/Swedes, 203, 241
Switzerland, 35
Sykes, Professor, 202
Syrian temple, 227
T
Tacitus, 178
Taffy Gaddaf’i, 50–51
Tagus, river on Portuguese/Spanish border, 75
Tanesos, evolved to Tartessos, 74
Tarshish, 53
tarte, 182
Tartessos (or Tartessus)/Tartessians: in Algarve region, 171, 172; alphabet/script and, 182; Arganthonius as ruler of, 54, 172; gold from, 83; Huelva as capital of, 108, 170; in Iberia, 52–53, 74; migration of, 171; nesos and, 74, 241; remains from, 106; Silves and, 173; Strabo and, 173; Tharsis (later, Seville) as capital of, 107; written records and, 174
Tavira, Portugal, 121, 171
technology in Atlantis, 224–28
Teide, Mount (volcano on Tenerife), 148
Tellinger, Michael (Temples of the Ancient Gods), 216
Temahu chieftain, 56
temple(s): Atlantean, 233, 249, 251; book about, 216; construction of, 17; gold on, 18; Hathor, electrical equipment and, 225; Hercules’, 106; Mortuary, 56; orichalcum on, 113, 177, 251, 253; Poseidon’s, 18, 22, 113, 177, 250–51; silver on, 18; Silves and, 118; story on column of, 13; Syrian, 226
Temples of the Ancient Gods (Tellinger), 216
Tenerife island, Canary Islands, Spain, 148, 151
Tenochtitlan, Mexico, 220
Thailand, tsunamis in, 37
Tharsis, 107
Thera (present day Santorini, Greece), 24
Thoth, 182, 200, 210
Thracians (Trajans or Trojans), 197, 203, 214–15
Tiahuanaco, Bolivia, 199, 233
Tiber (river), 241
Timaeus (Plato), clues about Atlantis in, 10, 12, 13–14, 60, 174–75, 245–47
timber (wood), 93, 117, 131, 249
timeline concerning Atlantis, 21, 79–80
Tiracians, 203
Tirias, 203
Titicaca, Lake (South America), 189
Tocharians, 197
Tomé, Ricardo, 116, 121, 122
Tower of Babel, 189
Trajans (or Trojans), 203
Tribe of Dan (or Dana/Danu), 197, 204
tribes/tribal groups, in Algarve region, 110, 172, 172
Tripura, 238
Trojans (or Trajans), 51, 203
Troy (formerly Troas, then Troi), 203
Trudos Mountains, Cyprus, 82
tsunamis: in 9600 B.C., 138; in Algarve region, 6, 37, 40, 70, 138; alphabet/script and, 179; on Canary Islands, 152; Crete and, 24; death/disappearance of Atlantis and, 38, 39, 77, 138, 139, 143; earthquake and, 37, 40; glacier melt and, 211; protection from, 139; Santorini and, 230; in Silves, 123, 125, 139
Tuatha de D’anann (“Tribe of Dan”), 197
tumbago, 83
Tunguska, Siberia, explosion in, 141
Turditanians/Turdetani, 54, 171, 172, 178–79, 180
Turin Papyrus, 182
Turkey, 76, 242, 243
Tyrrhenia region, Italy, 16, 65, 165, 245, 248
U
Underworld … Flooded Kingdoms of the Ice Age (Hancock), 142, 162, 164
UNESCO World Heritage site, in England, 221–22
uniformitism, 140
University of California (United States), 202
University of New Mexico (United States), 141
University of Pittsburgh (United States), 68
University of Wales (England), 51, 202, 222
University of West Brittany (France), 38
University of Wuppertal (Germany), 30
Uppsala University (Sweden), 241
Uriel’s Machine (Lomas and Knight), 211
U.S. Geological Survey of Deep Core Soundings, 157
Utah (United States), 211
V
Vale de Lama (“Valley of Mud”), 212
Vale de Lobo, attraction in Algarve region, Portugal, 181
Valentine, J. Manson, 159–60
Van Auken, John, Gregory L. Little, and Lora Little (Edgar Cayce’s Atlantis), 162
Vayu Purana, 212
Vedic, 198, 232, 233, 237
vegetation in Atlantis, 17, 19, 20, 68, 88–92, 194, 249
Verneau, René, 185
Vesuvius, Mount (Italy), 35, 36
Viking runes, 185
Vinca, 214–15, 221, 223
Vince, Felico, 242
Viracochas, 198, 199–200, 222
Virginia (United States), tablet discovered in, 164
Viriato (Viriathus), 49
Visigoths, 48–49
volcanoes/volcanic eruptions: in Algarve region, 121, 122; fictional account of, 148; on Gorringe Bank or Ridge, 150; in Madeira, 153; in Mexico, 220; in mid-Atlantic Ridge, 157; Plato and, 24; on Santorini, 24, 25, 72, 230; Santorini and, 230
Vrishnis, 238
W
Wales, England/Walians, 51, 71, 147, 196, 202, 203, 204, 234
walls of Atlantis, 8, 19, 41, 169, 173, 224, 250, 251
wands/rods, 83, 208–9, 210, 216
Ward, William Hayes, 209
water, 86, 87, 96, 97–103, 113, 139–40, 226. See also canals/reservoirs (water channels); springs
wealth of Atlantis: Arganthonius and, 169; author and, 6; mining and, 231; Plato’s accounts and, 8, 16, 20, 79, 84, 255
weap
ons, in ancient civilization, 237
Web site about Atlantis, 63
well, in Silves, 118
Wellington, Duke of, 234
Welsh people, 51
West Africa, 87
Western alphabet, 50, 177, 178, 191, 192
Western Sea, Atlantis in, 63, 64
Wheldon, Julie, 186
The White Island (Atala), 239
White Villages, in Andalucía, Spain, 147
wild animals, 94, 249, 251
Wilkins, Harold T., 64
Wilson, Alan, Baram Blackett, and Adrian Gilbert (The Holy Kingdom), 51
Wilson, Colin, and Rand Flem-Ath (The Atlantis Blueprint), 28
Wilson, Jonathan, 40, 117–18, 119; The Siege and Conquest of Silves in 1189, 46
Wishaw, Elena (and Bernhard): alphabet/script and, 185, 187; Atlantis in Andalueía (reprinted as Atlantis in Spain), 58; blond-haired people in Spain and, 197, 198; building construction and, 219; Columbus, Christopher, and, 163; firsthand knowledge and, 174; Libyans and, 166; Madeira and, 154; Niebla research by, 57–58, 79, 80–81, 108; Seville research by, 106, 107; trading ports and, 170
wolf, on bone dagger, 181, 181
wood (timber), 93, 117, 131, 249
X
Xian, Qui Chan province, China, 197
Y
Younger Dyas period, 87
Z
Zangger, Eberhard, 78
Zapper machine, 227–28
Zeus, 255
zila, 168
zilah, 168
Zilb, as Conii name for Silves, 168
zilver, 168
Zululand, South Africa, 216
Zulu legends, 231
A small section of the ancient massive walls of Niebla.
The Rock of Gibraltar seen from inside the Mediterranean. (Courtesy of the Costa de Sol Golf Guide)
Reflecting the description given by Plato, some of the typical high golden cliffs and beaches of the Algarve:
Praia da Marinha.
The soft sandstone is often weathered into peculiar shapes.
Praia do Camilo.
Mountains and river valleys, typical of the range that stretches back 40 kilometers to the north of the Algarve. Note the small pyramid-shaped hill in the center of the top right photograph.
Mountains and river valleys, typical of the range that stretches back 40 kilometers to the north of the Algarve. Note the small pyramid-shaped hill in the center of the top right photograph.
Part of the existing plain and the sea viewed from Foia, the highest point of the Algarve.
The Forcados bringing a charging bull to a standstill in a Portuguese bullfight. (Bull-fight blogspot.com. Arteeemocao blogspot.com. Facouruche.blogspot.com)
The Forcados bringing a charging bull to a standstill in a Portuguese bullfight. (Bull-fight blogspot.com. Arteeemocao blogspot.com. Facouruche.blogspot.com)
The Forcados bringing a charging bull to a standstill in a Portuguese bullfight. (Bull-fight blogspot.com. Arteeemocao blogspot.com. Facouruche.blogspot.com)
The remains of an old canal in front of Estombar, only a few kilometers west from the flood plain. It continues a short distance to the west until it meets the River Arade estuary.
A small section of the old floodplain adjacent to the town of Lagoa. Photographed when part was flooded to grow rice.
The entrance to the River Arade estuary.
Silves from the river as it meanders up to the town from the south.
Silves from the north.
The ancient well in Silves that dates from the Moorish occupation, in the position indicated by Plato for a water supply created by Poseidon. The town’s museum has been constructed around it, just below the castle and the cathedral.
Silves seen across the plain from the east.
Silves’ ancient town gate in red sandstone with black, white, and red stone paving in front of it.
Silves’ ancient town gate in red sandstone with black, white, and red stone paving in front of it.
The remnants of the outer embankment seen from the position of the inner one. (ie., closer to Silves). The area between was filled with seawater and the ancient harbor was the other side of this outer embankment.
The remains of the inner embankment.
At the point downstream where the River Arade would have entered the old harbor area on the left, with the outer embankment just beyond it. Silves is visible about two kilometers in the distance.
A stone originally erected in memory of a warrior, engraved in the local “southwestern script.” Note the unusual depiction of the deceased with a crude indication of the Libyan side lock. (Museu da Escrita do Sudoeste, Almodôvar, Portugal.)
A section of a stone engraved with the “southwestern script” in Silves Museum.
The egg in the Lagos museum.
Close-up of the symbol sculpted on the outside of the egg.
A mock-up using a mirror image of the top half of the egg placed underneath to show how it would have been a perfect egg shape. The outside is discolored due to its being buried in the local red earth for thousands of years, but the white of the limestone is evident from where it has been scratched.
One of the many natural round pyramids in the vicinity of Silves. This one overlooks the ancient harbor site.
Another round pyramid hill immediately behind Silves.
A view looking over Silves from the southwest. Note the pyramid-shaped hill, which is circled.
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