Quantum Night

by Robert J. Sawyer

  Kayla finally fell silent; it’s doubtless no fun reminiscing with someone whose only responses are, “Really?” and “We did?” and “Wow, that sounds like it must have been fun.” To fill the void, I delicately broached another topic. “So, um, you’re a New Ager?”

  She practically did a spit-take with her wine. “What?”

  “Well, I only glanced at your Wikipedia entry, but it said you were with something called the Canadian Enlightenment Centre.”

  She had a wonderfully warm laugh. “You mean the Canadian Light Source. It’s a synchrotron, Canada’s largest particle accelerator; just under three gigaelectronvolts. It’s on the grounds of the University of Saskatchewan.”

  “Oh! But it said you ‘explore consciousness.’”

  “I do. Psych was your major, but just an elective for me; I was doing physics. But Warkentin’s course really got me interested in the mind, which is how I ended up working on the quantum mechanics of consciousness. After graduating from U of M, I headed off to the University of Arizona to study under Stuart Hameroff.”

  “Who is?”

  “An anesthesiologist. He was fascinated by exactly what he was doing when he deprived people of consciousness. Roger Penrose, a physicist who sometimes collaborates with Stephen Hawking, wrote a book that said consciousness had to be quantum mechanical; it couldn’t be just classical physics because of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem. Stuart read it and got in touch with him, oh, almost twenty-five years ago now. That’s why I’m at the Light Source; there’s a synchrotron specialist I’m working with there who’s got a technique for detecting superposition without promoting decoherence.”

  “Ah,” I said. “Well, one must.”

  She smiled warmly. “‘Superposition’ is that uniquely quantum condition in which something is in two states at once: for instance, not either here or there, but simultaneously both here and there. We call it ‘decoherence’ when superposition collapses. Anyway, my work builds on what Stuart brought to Penrose. Stuart said, look, an inhaled anesthetic, like halothane, affects the microtubules—the cellular scaffolding—in neurons. There are two-lobed pockets in the microtubules, and each pocket houses a free electron. When you’re awake, those electrons are in superposition, simultaneously existing in both the top and the bottom lobe. When the anesthetic is introduced, the electrons lose coherence, collapsing into being in just one or the other lobe—and when that happens, the patient ceases to be conscious.”

  I frowned, trying to sort this out. “So halothane is used as an inhalant to induce anesthesia?”

  Kayla nodded. “Right.”

  “And anesthesia is a state in which only classical physics occurs in the brain?”

  “When it puts you out cold, yes.”

  “So, halothane is a classical gas.”

  “Yes?”

  “It has its own theme song.”

  “What are you talking about?”

  “‘Classical Gas.’ It’s that famous instrumental by Mason Williams.” I made ba-ba-ba-bump-ba-ba trombone sounds.

  “You are a very strange man,” Kayla said.

  She was not the first to have observed that; still, I guess I looked crestfallen because she reached over and patted the back of my hand. “Which is precisely why I fell for you all those years ago.”

  I smiled, and she went on: “Anyway, my work is on consciousness as a product of quantum superposition of electrons in neuronal microtubules. And, well . . . that’s kind of why I looked you up.”

  “I, um, don’t quite see the connection.”

  “I saw the news coverage about your being an expert witness.”

  I looked away. “Oh.”

  “You know, you did know about your grandfather. I remember when the news broke. You were mortified.”

  “Yeah, so my sister said. But I honestly don’t recall it. I—it’s so strange, not remembering that period.”

  “I’m sure.”

  “And that’s why you wanted to see me? Because of my grandfather?”

  “No, no, no. I mean, yeah, that’s fascinating, but it was your technique that caught my eye—the microsaccades thing.”

  “Caught your eye. Microsaccades.”

  “What? Oh.”

  “I’m here all week.”

  She shook her head in what I took to be fond exasperation, then said, “No, it was the correlation with the Hare Checklist that interested me. I’ve been following your work in that area.”

  “Yes?”

  “Yes. Because, just like your microsaccades test, I’ve found a quantum-superposition state that also precisely corresponds to psychopathy. If you’re a high scorer on the Hare Checklist, you’ll have this correlation, too.”

  “Seriously?”

  “Yup.” She looked at her watch. “Oh, cripes, the time! I gotta go. They’re expecting me back at three.”

  And that should have been that, but the words just popped out of my mouth. “Well, what about dinner?”

  Her eyebrows ascended, but then, after considering it for a long moment, she said, “Sure. Sure, why not?”

  —

  Kayla and I agreed to meet for dinner at 8:00 P.M., which gave me almost five hours to kill—and time to do some more reality-checking. She and I hadn’t started dating until March of 2001, so she couldn’t help me with what had gone down the preceding New Year’s Eve, but perhaps someone else could.

  I suppose the information I wanted was also online, but nothing beat the human touch. And so after returning to my office in the Duff Roblin Building and making a phone call to be sure she’d be in, I wandered along Dysart Road to the office of Sally Mahaffey, who taught meteorology in the awkwardly named Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources. That could be a miserable hike in winter, but now, in May, it was pleasant as long as you avoided all the droppings from the Canada geese wandering about.

  The interior of the Wallace Building was done in Early Modern Tinkertoy, with red, green, and yellow tubes and pipes everywhere, and its washrooms were bizarre standalone modules like indoor outhouses. Sally’s office was off a corridor painted floor to ceiling, doors included, in bright yellow; going down it, I felt like I was inside a French’s mustard squeeze bottle.

  Although there were lots of faculty members I’d never met, I’d run into Sally a few times in her role as treasurer of the Faculty Association. She was sixty-something, with hair I thought of as appropriately thundercloud gray.

  “Hey,” I said, entering. “Thanks for making time for me.”

  Her office had wall-mounted metal shelving she used for a display of vintage weather-forecasting equipment; I was pleased with myself for knowing that the propeller with cups was an anemometer. “My pleasure,” Sally said as she got up from her chair—which didn’t do much to increase her height. “What can I do for you?”

  “I’m looking for some old weather data.”

  “How old?”

  “Two thousand and one.”

  She sounded relieved. “I had a history student come here last week, wanting to see the weather report for a key battle in the War of 1812. I had to explain to the poor thing that Environment Canada’s records don’t go back quite that far.” She sat down in front of her computer and proceeded to type rapidly, using two knobby fingers. “Location?”

  “Calgary.”

  “Airport or downtown?”

  “Downtown, I suppose.”

  “What date?”

  “January first, early in the morning. Like, 2:00 A.M.”

  She worked away for a minute. Above her desk was a political cartoon showing a trio of baffled old men in baggy golf shorts on an island only a few feet across surrounded by nothing but water. The caption: “Climate-change deniers retire to Florida.”

  “Got it,” she said, rolling her chair aside to let me have a look.

  There
was so much data on the screen—meteorologists apparently care about all sorts of measurements regular folk don’t—that it took me a moment to find my way around. But at last I spotted it: Falling snow. “That can’t be right,” I said, pointing. “Are you sure you’ve got the correct date?”

  She indicated where it was listed; the time was correct, too. “Can you show me the hour before, and the hour after, please?”

  She nodded and did so. For 1:00 A.M., the readout was also “Falling snow.” For 3:00 A.M., it had changed to “Heavy snowfall.”

  “But the sky was crystal clear,” I said. “I remember that.”

  “I’ve seen a lot of wondrous weather in my day,” Sally said gently. “Tornadoes, sun dogs, hail the size of grapefruit. But I’ve never seen snow come down from a cloudless sky. Are you sure you’ve got the right day?”

  “Yes.”

  “And the right year? It took me to February to stop writing 2019 on things.”

  “Yes,” I said, “I’m sure about the date.” I recalled the stars so vividly that night, Orion low in the southwest. I knew my way around the night sky like the proverbial back of my hand; Orion is absolutely visible in Calgary at that time of night in the winter months. Or, at least he is when the sky is clear. I took hold of the edge of Sally’s desk for support.

  9

  TWO DECADES AGO

  MENNO Warkentin was friends with Dominic Adler, a transplanted Torontonian who held the university’s Bev Geddes Chair in Audiology. They played racquetball together once a week; there was no doubt Dominic was the better player. “Balance, my boy!” he’d exclaim whenever he got in a return that astonished Menno. “And balance is all in the inner ear!”

  Menno had recently bought a carbon-fiber racquet in the vain hope that better equipment would make up for his lack of coordination. He served, and wiry Dominic swatted the ball back. Predictably, Menno missed. As he went to retrieve the ball, he said, “I walked by your lab earlier. Saw a guy delivering a skid full of new computing equipment.” He tossed the ball vaguely in Dominic’s direction.

  Dominic served, and Menno managed to return it three times before he missed. When Menno went to get the ball again, Dominic said, “Yeah, we got a major new research grant.”

  “From who?”

  Dominic put down his racquet and motioned Menno over. “The DoD.”

  Menno might not win at sports, but he was a demon at trivia. “We call it the DND here in Canada. Department of National Defense.”

  “Yeah, we do,” said Dominic. “But I’m not talking about the Canadian one. I’m talking about the American one: the Pentagon.”

  “Ka-ching,” said Menno.

  Dominic smiled. “Wasn’t he treasurer during the Ming Dynasty?”

  “Ha.”

  “What do the Americans want?”

  “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” said Dominic. “But they’ll never get that, so apparently they’ll settle for a battlefield headset that lets soldiers hear over top of explosions and mortar fire. My department is going to try to develop one for them.”

  “Can’t you do what those newfangled noise-canceling headphones do?”

  “Sure, yeah,” said Dominic. “That’s the easy part. The hard part is the microphone. The last thing you want is the soldier shouting to be heard above the explosions. Hostiles might overhear.”

  “‘Hostiles,’” said Menno, amused.

  “You pick up the lingo.” Dominic tossed the ball into the air and swatted it toward the wall, which was covered with skid marks from previous impacts.

  “So how’s the project going?” asked Menno after he’d batted the ball back.

  Dominic didn’t even try to return; he just let the ball zip past him. “It’s not. It’s damn near impossible to pick up a whisper when there are bombs going off all around you.”

  Menno glanced up at the analog wall clock, behind a protective mesh. Their time was almost up. “Oh, that’s the wrong way to go about it.”

  Dominic retrieved the ball and started toward the door in the side wall. “What do you mean?”

  “Trying to pick up the sound is the problem. Don’t do that.”

  “We have to hear what they’re saying.”

  “No, you don’t,” said Menno. “Instead, pick up the phonemes as they’re being coded mentally. Grab those with a targeted scanner. The speaker doesn’t have to say anything aloud that way—nothing to overhear. He just mouths the words. Whether he actually speaks them or not makes no difference to the brain’s staging area; they have to be queued up regardless. Grab them from there, then use a voice synthesizer at the receiving end to reconstruct what would have been said out loud.”

  Dom’s eyebrows climbed toward his widow’s peak. “And that would work?”

  Menno smiled. “Oh, who knows? Actually, it’s only supposition that there even is such a staging area. But if I tell you a phone number and you try to remember it until you can jot it down, you’ll rehearse it over and over in your head, right? There’s a buffer somewhere that holds the data you’re repeating. Scan that buffer and pick up sounds that aren’t being said out loud.” Menno smiled. “At least you’ll get a good paper out of it.”

  “Except I can’t publish. All the work is under an NDA.”

  “Huh. How big is your grant?” asked Menno

  “Two hundred and fifty thousand—US. Wanna collaborate?”

  Menno was more used to grants from Canada’s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, which tended to be in the low five figures, if not four. But the Department of Defense! Menno was a Mennonite, a pacifist. The idea of working for the military was detestable, and if other members of his church found out, well, there would be devastating consequences. But this wasn’t going to be published, and, heck, it wasn’t weapons research; really, it wasn’t. It was just an intriguing physiological investigation—with a giant research budget.

  “Okay,” said Menno, at last. “I’m in.”

  —

  “I don’t get it,” said Dominic, months later. “It worked fine on our first two test subjects. Why isn’t it working with this guy?”

  Fine was overstating the case, Menno thought. They could indeed now pick up unspoken phonemes from the brain, but they were still having a lot of difficulty distinguishing many of them. Trying to tell a tuh from a duh was proving impossible, although Menno suspected they could write software to figure out which it should be based on the preceding and following phonemes. But telling one phoneme from another was predicated on first actually detecting the phonemes—and that had turned into a nightmare with this student volunteer from Menno’s second-year developmental-psych class.

  Dominic and Menno were on the opposite side of a glass wall from the subject, a doughy-looking Ukrainian kid named Jim Marchuk. Menno pressed the intercom button. “Jim, try again. What was that phrase you were thinking? Say it out loud for us.”

  “‘Making your way in the world today takes everything you’ve got.’”

  “Right, okay. Now, again—but subvocalize, okay? Over and over.”

  The headset, Menno knew, was large and uncomfortable, and much too unwieldy for battle. It consisted of a modified football helmet with a dozen electronics packs, each the size of a deck of cards, attached to it, and a thick bundle of cabling heading off to more equipment on a table beside the chair Jim was sitting on. But if they could get it working at all with this prototype, slimming the device down would be a task for the DoD engineers.

  Menno and Dominic stared at the oscilloscope display, which was showing the reconstruction of the signal being transmitted by the headset. The trace was thick, running almost the height of the scope; it looked more like white noise than anything meaningful.

  Dom had taped printouts from the previous two subjects on the wall above the scope. They each showed a single, distinct line spiking and falling. Un
derneath, he’d written in red marker the phonemes the patterns represented.

  Menno shook his head. “I can’t even tell when he’s finishing one rendition and starting another.”

  Dominic reached for the intercom button. “Jim, thanks. Just be quiet for a minute, would you? Don’t say anything and don’t subvocalize. Just sit there, please.”

  Jim nodded, and Dominic and Menno turned back to the oscilloscope, which was just as active as before.

  “Where do you suppose all that noise is coming from?” Dominic asked.

  “I don’t know. You’re certain the equipment isn’t overheating?”

  Dominic pointed at a digital readout. “It’s fine.”

  “Okay, well, maybe this boy is a freak. Let’s test a few other people.”

  —

  Menno was wearing his heavy winter coat; Dom had on a bright blue ski jacket with a lift ticket attached. It was 3:00 P.M. on a crisp afternoon, and the sun was already well on its way down to the horizon. They were walking along the Memorial Avenue of Elms, a road lined on both sides with trees, leading from the Fort Garry campus to Pembina Highway. Menno liked trees; he hated war. As a psychologist, he understood that this particular part of the university was a physical instantiation of the cognitive dissonance he felt working on a DoD project. The Avenue had been dedicated in 1922 to the men from the Manitoba Agricultural College who had died in the First World War; two and a half years ago, in June 1998, the dedication had been extended to include many who had died during World War II and the Korean War, as well.

  “The Pentagon isn’t going to be happy with a microphone that can only be used by half their soldiers,” said Dominic, the words coming out in clouds of condensation. “For whatever reason, it just doesn’t work with some people; why they have all that noise in their auditory cortices is beyond me. I mean, if they were reporting tinnitus, it’d make sense. Or maybe if they’d all listened to super-loud rock music, or something like that. But it seems completely random.”