Bloodlands

by Timothy Snyder

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  NOTES

  CHAPTER 1: THE SOVIET FAMINES

  1 Quotation: Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain, 161.

  2 On the journalist Gareth Jones, see Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain, 224-238; Jones, “Will there be soup?”; Conquest, Harvest, 309; and Dalrymple, “Further References,” 473. On Kharkiv, see Falk, Sowjetische Städte, 140, 172-175, 288; Kovalenko, Holod, 557; and Werth, Terreur, 130. The image is Vasily Grossman’s.

  3 Falk, Sowjetische Städte, 284-285, 288, 298-300.

  4 Quotations: Falk, Sowjetische Städte, 299, see also 297-301; Kuśnierz, Ukraina, 157, 160. On the schoolgirl and the hospitals, see Davies, Years, 160, 220. See also Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror, 171, 184. On the use of survivor testimony, see Graziosi, War, 4.

  5 Quotation: Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain, 233. On Dnipropetrovsk: Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, 111. On Stalino, see Maksudov, “Victory,” 211.

  6 On fainting from weakness, see Kovalenko, Holod, 61; see also Siriol Colley, More Than a Grain, 235. On Khartsyszk, see Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror, 170. On Grossman, see Todorov, Mémoire du mal, 61. See also Koestler, Yogi, 137.

  7 Quotation: Serbyn, “Ukrainian Famine,” 131; see also Falk, Sowjetische Städte, 289.

  8 For a sophisticated guide to the meanings of the Plan, see Harrison, Soviet Planning , 1-5.

  9 Quotations: Kuromiya, Stalin, 85; Kuśnierz, Ukraina, 37.

  10 Quotation and poster: Viola, War, 177; Viola, Unknown Gulag, 32.

  11 Quotations: Viola, War, 238; Conquest, Harvest, 121. For details on the shootings and deportations, see Davies, Years, 20, 46; Werth, Terreur, 463; Viola, Unknown Gulag, 6, 32; Kuśnierz, Ukraina, 51, 56; Khlevniuk, Gulag, 11; Graziosi, War, 48; and Davies, Years, 46.