In a Different Key

by John Donvan

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  Wakefield, A. J., et al., “Enterocolitis in Children with Developmental Disorders.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 95, no. 9 (2000): 2285–95.

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  Watson, John B. “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.” Psychological Review 20 (1913): 158–77.

  Wimmer, H., and J. Perner. “Beliefs About Beliefs: Representation and Constraining Function of Wrong Beliefs in Young Children’s Understanding of Deception.” Cognition 13, no. 1 (1983): 103–28.

  Wing, Lorna. “Asperger’s Syndrome: A Clinical Account.” Psychological Medicine 11, no. 1 (1981): 115–29.

  ———. “The Relationship Between Asperger’s Syndrome and Kanner’s Syndrome.” In Autism and Asperger Syndrome, edited by Uta Frith, 93–121. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

  ———. “Past and Future of Research on Asperger Syndrome.” In Asperger Syndrome, edited by Ami Klin, Fred R. Volkmar, and Sara S. Sparrow, 418–32. New York: Guilford Press, 2000.

  ———. “Reflections on Opening Pandora’s Box.” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 35, no. 2 (2005): 197–203.

  Wing, Lorna, Christine Bramley, Anthea Hailey, and J. K. Wing. “Camberwell Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register Part I: Aims and Methods.” Social Psychiatry 3, no. 3 (1968): 116–23.

  Wing, Lorna, and Judith Gould. “Severe Impairments of Social Interaction and Associated Abnormalities in Children: Epidemiology and Classification.” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 9, no. 1 (1979): 11–29.

  Wolf, Montrose, Todd Risley, and Hayden Mees. “Application of Operant Conditioning Procedures to the Behaviour Problems of an Autistic Child.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 1, no. 2-4 (1963): 305–12.

  Woodward, Katharine F., Norma Jaffe, and Dorothy Brown. “Psychiatric Program for Very Young Retarded Children.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 108 (1964): 221–29.

  Woodward, Katharine F., Miriam Siegel, and Marjorie Eustis. “Psychiatric Study of Mentally Retarded Children of Preschool Age: Report on First and Second Years of a Three-Year Project.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 28, no. 2 (April 1958): 376–93.

  Workman, Lance. “Interview: From Art to Autism.” Psychologist 26, no. 12 (2013): 880–82.

  Yell, M. L., and E. Drasgow. “Litigating a Free Appropriate Public Education: The Lovaas Hearings and Cases.” Journal of Special Education 33 (2000): 205–14.

  Zeliadt, Nicholette. “Diverse Dopamine Defects Found in People with Autism.” Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, November 19, 2014, http:​//sfari.org​/news-and​-opinion/conference​-news/2014​/society-for​-neuroscience-2014​/diverse-dopamine​-defects-found​-in-people​-with​-autism.

  Zirkel, P. A. “The Autism Case Law: Administrative and Judicial Rulings.” Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 17 (Spring 2002): 84–93.

  Zirkel, Perry. “Case Law Under the IDEA: 1998 to the Present.” In IDEA: A Handy Desk Reference to the Law, Regulations, and Indicators, 669–752. Albany, NY: LexisNexis, 2012.

  NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

  Allen, Arthur. “The Not-So-Crackpot Autism Theory.” New York Times Magazine, November 10, 2002.

  Ansen, David, Michael Reese, and Sarah Crichton. “Who’s on First?” Newsweek, January 16, 1989.

  Armentrout, Charles. “Mentally Ill Tots Crying for Love and Attention.” Charleston Gazette, January 31, 1949.

  ———. “Huntington Hospital Fire Kills 14 Patients.” Charleston Gazette, November 27, 1952.

  “Autistic Child Brings Years of Toil as Loving Parents Strive to Help.” Daily Herald, June 19, 1973.

  Ballin, M. “Autistic Chidren: The Strangers in Our Midst.” McCall’s, November 1973.

  Baum, Gary. “Hollywood’s Vaccine Wars: L.A.’s ‘Entitled’ Westsiders Behind City’s Epidemic.” Hollywood Reporter, September 12, 2014.

  Berton, Pierre. “The Dionne Years.” New York Times Magazine, April 23, 1978.

  Bettelheim, Bruno. “Joey, a Mechanical Boy.” Scientific American, March 1959.

  Blatt, B., and C. Mangel. “The Tragedy and Hope of Retarded Children.” Look, October 31, 1967.

  Blume, Harvey. “Neurodiversity: On the Neurological Underpinnings of Geekdom.” Atlantic, September 1, 1998.

  Boseley, Sarah. “Jab Warning ‘Wrong’; WHO Chief Attacks Doctors over Claim of Vaccine Link with Autism.” Guardian, March 12, 1998.

  ———. “Lancet Retracts ‘Utterly False’ MMR Paper.” Guardian, February 2, 2010.

  Buckley, Cara. “Man Obsessed with Trains Again Runs Afoul of Law.” New York Times, November 11, 2006.

  Buis, Micah. “Educating About Autism.” Vassar, The Alumnae/i Quarterly, Fall 2006.

  Casto, Harriet. “Archie, Autism and Another Time.” Advocate: Autism Society of America Magazine 23, no. 3, 1991.

  “Charge of Freeing Insane Is Repeated, Hopkins Doctor Says Girls Were Let Go to Provide Fees and Cheap Labor.” Baltimore Sun, May 14, 1937.

  Clark, Matt. “The Troubled Child.” Newsweek, April 8, 1974.

  Coles, Robert. “A Hero of Our Time.” New Republic, March 4, 1967.

  Cowley, Geoffrey. “Understanding Autism.” Newsweek, July 30, 2000.

  Cronin Fisk, Margaret. “Mercury’s Legal Morass: A Surge of Lawsuits Allege That Vaccinations Triggered Autism.” National Law Journal, March 20, 2002.

  “Cruelty to Lunatics: Serious Charges Against a Pennsylvania Asylum.” New York Times, March 31, 1890.

  Dalphonse, Sherri. “Dustin and Me.” Washingtonian, July 1, 1992.

  Deer, Brian. “Focus: MMR: The Truth Behind the Crisis.” Sunday Times, February 22, 2004.

  ———. “Revealed: MMR Research Scandal.” Sunday Times, February 22, 2004.

  ———. “MMR Scare Doctor Planned Rival Vaccine.” Sunday Times, November 14, 2004.

  ———. “Hidden Records Show MMR Truth.” Sunday Times, February 8, 2009.

  Editorial Board. “The Carefully Orchestrated Campaign Must Not Be Allowed to Stifle Real Debate.” Independent, February 24, 2004.

  Editorial Board. “Doctor’s Secret.” Sun, February 23, 2004.

  Ervin, Mike. “Autism Group Founder: It’s Time to Listen to What We Have to Say.” Independence Today, June 13, 2013.

  Estridge, Bonnie. “I Demand the Right to Clear My Name.” Express, July 17, 2006.

  Fraiser, Lorraine. “Anti-MMR Doctor Is Forced Out.” Telegraph, December 2, 2001.

  Fremont-Smith, Eliot. “Children Without an I.” New York Times Book Review, March 10, 1967.

  Frith, Maxine. “Measles Alert in MMR Crisis.” Evening Standard, July 3, 2002.

  Goleman, Daniel. “Researcher Reports Progress Against Autism.” New York Times, March 10, 1987.

  ———. “Bruno Bettelheim Dies at 86—Psychoanalyst of Vast Impact.” New York Times, March 14, 1990.

  Gonzales, Daniel. “Critics Call It a Hoax but 100 Teachers Soon Will Gather to Learn More.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, February 22, 1994.

  Gramza, Janet. “Families Struggle with Schools, Governments.” Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York), April 14, 1997.

  Gross, Jane, and Stephanie Strom. “Autism Debate Strains a Family and Its Charity.” New York Times, June 18, 2007.

  Gunther, Marc, and Henry Goldblatt. “How GE Made NBC No. 1 When He Became NBC’S CEO.” Fortune, February 3, 1997.

  Hughes, David, and Jenny Hope. “MMR: The Betrayal of These Tragic Parents.” Daily Mail, February 24, 2004.

  Ito, Robert. “The Phantom Chaser: For Ivar Lovaas, UCLA’s Controversial Autism Pioneer, a Life’s Work Is Now Facing a Crucial Test.” Los Ange
les Magazine, April 2004.

  Johannes, Laura. “New Hampshire Mother Overrode Doubts on New Use of Old Drug.” Wall Street Journal, March 10, 1999.

  Johnston, Lucy. “US Research on Controversial Vaccine May Vindicate Consultant Who Was Forced to Resign; New Tests Back Expert Who Sounded Alarm over Triple Jab for Children.” Sunday Express, December 9, 2001.

  Katz, D. R. “The Kids with the Faraway Eyes.” Rolling Stone, March 8, 1979.

  Kaufman, Joanne. “Campaign on Childhood Mental Illness Succeeds at Being Provocative.” New York Times, December 14, 2007.

  “Kelleys Win in ‘Fitter Families’ Contest.” Savannah Press, November 6, 1924.

  Kennedy Jr., Robert. “Deadly Immunity.” Rolling Stone and Salon, July 14, 2005 (retracted by Salon, January 16, 2011).

  Kingon, Jacqueline J., and Alfred H. Kingon. “The Words They Can’t Say.” Letter to the editor, New York Times Magazine, November 3, 1991.

  Laurance, Jeremy. “Emotive and Controversial Issue That Splits Medical Profession.” Independent, February 27, 1998.

  ———. “Health: Not Immune to How Research Can Hurt; Jeremy Laurance Talks to the Man at the Centre of the Controversy over the MMR Vaccine.” Independent, March 3, 1998.

  ———. “A Doctor, the Distinguished Journal, and a Scare That Needs Never Have Happened; The MMR Controversy.” Independent, February 22, 2004.

  ———. “I Was There When Wakefield Dropped His Bombshell.” Independent, January 29, 2010.

  Long, Colleen. “Darius McCollum, Serial Transit Impostor, Arrested 29 Times for Stealing Trains and Buses.” Associated Press, August 12, 2013.

  “Lorna Wing—Obituary,” Daily Telegraph, June 9, 2014.

  Lutz, Amy S. F. “You Do Not Have Asperger’s.” Slate, May 22, 2013.

  Machacek, John. “No School for Bright Boy Suffering from Autism.” Binghamton Press, February 22, 1966.

  Macrae, Fiona, and David Wilkes. “Damning Verdict on MMR Doctor: Anger as GMC Attacks ‘Callous Disregard’ for Sick Children.” Daily Mail, January 29, 2010.

  Maisel, Albert. “Bedlam.” LIFE, May 6, 1946.

  Mason, Jan. “Child of Silence: Retrieved from the Shadow World of Autism: Katy Finds Her Voice.” LIFE, September 15, 1987.

  Maugh, Thomas. “State Study Finds Sharp Rise in Autism Rate.” Los Angeles Times, April 16, 1999.

  Mayor, Tracy. “A Disorder That’s Defining an Era.” Child, December 1, 2005.

  McDougall, Liam. “MMR: Wakefield Welcomes Probe.” Sunday Herald, February 20, 2004.

  “Medicine: Frosted Children.” Time, April 26, 1948.

  Merose, Tamar. “The Children of the Fairies.” Ha’aretz, August 24, 1973.

  Morgan, John. “ER’s Anthony Edwards Curing Autism Now.” USA Today, October 12, 2000.

  Moser, Dan, and Alan Grant (photographer). “Screams, Slaps & Love: A Surprising, Shocking Treatment Helps Far-Gone Mental Cripples.” LIFE, May 7, 1965.

  Nash, J. Madeleine, and Amy Bonesteel. “The Secrets of Autism.” Time, May 6, 2002.

  Nava, Mary Ellen. “Readers’ Comments, for Autistic Child Help.” Santa Barbara Press, January 9, 1971.

  Nelson, Harry. “New Help Seen in the Child Care Practitioner.” Geneva Times, May 10, 1971.

  “Nurses Tell of Cruelty.” San Bernardino Daily Sun, August 11, 1903.

  “Obituary: Albert Hoffmann.” Telegraph, April 29, 2008.

  Oppenheim, Rosalind C. “They Said Our Child Was Hopeless.” Saturday Evening Post, June 17, 1961.

  Park, Alice. “South Korean Study Suggests Rates of Autism May Be Underestimated.” Time, May 9, 2011.

  Patrick, William G. “Bizarre Withdrawal Symptoms Mark Infantile Autism Cases.” Salt Lake City Tribune, March 17, 1967.

  Putnam, Pat. “Sports Scrapbook.” Sarasota Journal, September 13, 1957.

  “Retarded Son Is Dead: Father Calls Police to Say He Shot Boy.” Santa Barbara Press, January 6, 1971.

  Roan, Shari. “A Quiet Advocate for the Child: Psychology: The Late Bruno Bettelheim Rewrote the Code of Treatment for Emotionally Disturbed Children.” Los Angeles Times, March 16, 1990.

  Sacks, Oliver. “A Neurologist’s Notebook: An Anthropologist on Mars.” New Yorker, December 27, 1993.

  Shulins, Nancy. “Debate over Autism Communication Rages On.” Chicago Daily Herald, May 16, 1994.

  Silberman, Steve. “The Geek Syndrome.” Wired, December 1, 2001.

  Smith, Doug. “Autism Rates by State.” Los Angeles Times, December 9, 2011.

  Smith, Rebecca. “Andrew Wakefield—The Man Behind the MMR Controversy.” Telegraph, January 29, 2010.

  Sordyl, Samantha. “Creating an Asperger’s Community.” Washington Post, December 20, 2005.

  Steel, Linda. “Parents: ‘It Is Not About the Science. It’s About Belief’: Andrew Wakefield—the Doctor Who First Linked MMR and Autism—Has Resigned. But Does That Mean He Was Wrong About the Vaccine?” Guardian, December 5, 2001.

  “The Trance Children” (Under “Mental Illness”). Time, August 1, 1969.

  “The Words They Can’t Say.” New York Times Magazine, November 3, 1991.

  Torres Al-anbi, Agnes. “Rain Man Puts Autism on the Map.” Orlando Sentinel, December 22, 1988.

  Trotter, Bill. “Deaths Motive Unknown; Recently Wed Woman Stabbed, Man Shot on Swans Island.” Bangor Daily News, July 24, 2001.

  Tsouderos, Trine, and Patricia Callahan. “Risky Alternative Therapies for Autism Have Little Basis in Science: Alternative Therapies Amount to Uncontrolled Experimentation on Children, Investigation Finds.” Chicago Tribune, November 22, 2009.

  Vil, Ursula. “Mother of Slain Autistic Child Describes an Odyssey of Grief.” Los Angeles Times, March 26, 1972.

  ———. “Lloyd Nolan Recalls Tragedy of Autism,” Los Angeles Times, March 11, 1973.

  Wallace, Amy. “An Epidemic of Fear: How Panicked Parents Skipping Shots Endanger Us All.” Wired, October 19, 2009.

  Wallace, Benjamin. “Is Everyone on the Autism Spectrum?” New York Magazine, October 28, 2012.

  Warren, James. “Another Opinion: Chicago Adds to Doubts Raised About Bettelheim’s Methods, Personality.” Chicago Tribune, July 25, 1991.

  Womack, Sarah. “Blair Silent over Leo’s MMR Jab.” Telegraph, December 21, 2001.

  Wright, Lawrence. “Child-Care Demons.” New Yorker, October 3, 1994.

  LETTER COLLECTIONS

  American Psychiatric Association Library and Archives. Drs. Dorothy and Irving Bernstein Reference Center, Arlington, Virginia

  Personal Health Records of Donald Triplett, and the Leo Kanner Collection, Johns Hopkins Hospital. Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland

  Richard Pollak Collection of Bruno Bettelheim Research Materials 1863–2006. Box 12, Folder 10. Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Illinois

  FILM, TELEVISION, AND VIDEO

  Behavioral Treatment of Autistic Children. Directed by Robert Aller. Focus International, 1988.

  Change of Habit. Directed by William A. Graham. Universal Pictures, 1969.

  Conjoint Parent-Therapist Teaching of a Pre-School Psychotic Child. Produced by the Child Research Project, University of North Carolina, 1967.

  Crean, Robert. “Conall.” Directions 65. ABC. Original airdate February 7, 1965.

  Deer, Brian. “MMR—What They Didn’t Tell You.” Dispatches. Channel Four. Original airdate November 18, 2004.

  Harry: Behavioral Treatment of Self-abuse. Produced by Richard Foxx. Research Press, 1980.

  Histoire, Histoires D’autisme. Directed by Anne Georget. Gloria Films, 2000.

  House of Cards. Directed by Michael Lessac. Miramax Films, 1993.

  Infantile Autism: The Invisible Wall. Produced by the University of Oklahoma Medical Center. Featuring Bernard Rimland, Ruth Sullivan, and Joe Sullivan. Behavioral Sciences Audiovisual Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, 1968.

  A Minority of On
e. Directed by Mike Gavin. KNBC, Los Angeles. Original airdate May 1975.

  Palfreman, Jon. “Prisoners of Silence.” Frontline. Original airdate October 19, 1993.

  Rain Man. Directed by Barry Levinson. United Artists Pictures, 1988.

  Refrigerator Mothers. Directed by David Simpson, J. J. Hanley, and Gordon Quinn. Kartemquin Films, Fanlight Productions (distributor), n.d.

  Temple Grandin. Produced by Emily Gerson Saines. Warner Bros., 2010.

  Tuohy, Denis. Panorama. Episode 34. “Denis Tuohy Looks at the Care of Autistic Children in Britain.” BBC 1. Original airdate October 21, 1974.

  Victor, David. “The Foal.” Marcus Welby, M.D. Original airdate September 30, 1969.

  Willowbrook: The Last Great Disgrace. Directed by Al Primo. 1972. http://​sproutflix.org​/all-films​/willowbrook-the​-last-great​-disgrace/.

  “Wright Family Interviewed About Autism Speaks.” Today. NBC. Original airdate February 25, 2005.

  PRESS RELEASES, ONLINE POSTS, ORGANIZATIONAL AND GOVERNMENT REPORTS, LEGAL FILINGS, LECTURES, INTERVIEWS, NEWSLETTERS, LEGISLATION, CORRESPONDENCE

  Adventures in Aspergers (blog), adventuresinaspergers.com.

  Allen, Arthur. “The Autism Numbers, Why There’s No Epidemic.” Slate, January 15, 2007, http:​//www.slate​.com/articles​/health_and_science/medical_examiner​/2007/01​/the_autism_numbers​.html.

  Autism Research Review International: Newsletter of the Autism Research Institute (Archives 1987–2006), www​.autism.com​/httpsdocs/ari​/newsletter/arriindex​.htm.

  Autistic Self Advocacy Network. “An Urgent Call to Action: Tell NYU Child Study Center to Abandon Stereotypes Against People with Disabilities.” Online statement. December 8, 2007, http:​//autisticadvocacy.org​/2007/12​/tell-nyu​-child-study​-center-to​-abandon-stereotypes​/.

  ———. “ASAN Condemns Presidential Appointment of Anti-Vaccine Activist Peter Bell.” Press release. January 12, 2012, http://​autisticadvocacy.​org​/?s=peter​+bell.

  Autism Science Foundation. “NAAR Founder Eric London Resigns from Autism Speaks.” Press release. June 30, 2009, https://​autismsciencefoundation​.wordpress.com​/2009/06​/30/naar​-founder-eric​-london-resigns​-from-autism​-speaks-citing​-disagreement-over​-autismvaccine​-research/.