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About the Author
Guy MacLean Rogers holds a Ph.D. in classics from Princeton University. He has received grants and
fellowships from, among other institutions, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American
Philosophical Society, and All Souls College Oxford. His first book, The Sacred Identity of
Ephesos: Foundation Myths of a Roman City, won the Routledge Ancient History Prize. Chairman of
the Department of History of Wellesley College from 1997 to 2001, he grew up and still lives in
Litchfield County, Connecticut.
Copyright © 2004 by Guy MacLean Rogers
Illustrations and maps copyright © 2004 by David Lindroth
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Random House, an
imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to reprint previously published material:
LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY®, HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS: Excerpts from Arrian: Volume I, Loeb Classical Library Volume 236, translated by P. A.
Brunt, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976, copyright © 1976 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College; excerpts
from Arrian: Volume II, Loeb Classical Library Volume 269, translated by E. Iliff Robson, B. D., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1933; excerpts from Diodorus of Sicily, Volume VIII, Loeb Classical Library Volume 422, translated by C. Bradford Welles,
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963, copyright © 1963 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College; excerpts from
Plutarch’s Lives, Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library Volume 99, translated by Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1919. The Loeb Classical Library® is a registered trademark of The President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Reprinted by the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library.
PENGUIN GROUP (UK): Excerpts from The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives by Plutarch, translated and annotated by Ian Scott-Kilvert
(Penguin Classics, 1973), copyright © 1973 by Ian Scott-Kilvert; excerpts from The Campaigns of Alexander by Arrian, translated by
Aubrey de Sélincourt, revised with an Introduction and Notes by J. R. Hamilton (Penguin Classics, 1958, revised edition 1971), copyright
© 1958 by the Estate of Aubrey de Sélincourt; excerpts from The History of Alexander by Quintus Curtius Rufus, translated by John
Yardley (Penguin Classics, 1984), copyright © 1984 by John Yardley. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Group (UK).
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Rogers, Guy MacLean.
Alexander: the ambiguity of greatness / Guy MacLean Rogers.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Alexander, the Great, 356–323 B.C. 2. Greece—History—Macedonian Expansion, 359–323 B.C. 3. Generals—Greece—Biography. 4.
Greece—Kings and rulers—Biography. I. Title.
DF234.R73 2004 938'.07'092—dc22 2004046813
[B]
Random House website address: www.atrandom.com
eISBN: 978-1-58836-413-5
v3.0
Document Outline
Title Page
Preface
List of Maps
Introduction
The Main Characters
Rulers of Persia and Macedon
Chronology
PART ONE
CHAPTER 1€€The Blood of Heroes
CHAPTER 2 Ahuramazda’s Plan
CHAPTER 3€€The Emergence of a Superpower
CHAPTER 4€€The Assassination of Philip II
CHAPTER 5€€The Spear-Won Prize of Asia
CHAPTER 6€€The Greek Cities of Asia Minor
CHAPTER 7€€The Battle of Issos
CHAPTER 8€€Master of Sieges
CHAPTER 9€€The Gift of the River
CHAPTER 10€€The Battle of Gaugamela
CHAPTER 11€€The Sack of Persepolis
PART TWO
CHAPTER 12€€The Death of Darius
CHAPTER 13€€Anticipation
CHAPTER 14€€The Massacre of the Branchidae
CHAPTER 15€€The Wrath of Dionysos
CHAPTER 16€€The End of the Revolts
CHAPTER 17€€One Kiss the Poorer
CHAPTER 18€€In the Footsteps of Dionysos
CHAPTER 19€€The Battle of the Hydaspes
CHAPTER 20€€The Mutiny at the Hyphasis River
PART THREE
CHAPTER 21€€The Meed of Great Deeds
CHAPTER 22€€Fulfillment of an Oracle
CHAPTER 23€€Death in the Desert
CHAPTER 24€€The Reign of Terror?
CHAPTER 25 Nabarzanes’ Gift
CHAPTER 26€€Marriage: Persian Style
CHAPTER 27€€The Mutiny at Opis
CHAPTER 28€€Future Plans
CHAPTER 29€€Death in Babylon
CHAPTER 30€€Alexander: Mass Murderer or Messiah?
CHAPTER 31€€Alexander and the Ambiguity of Greatness
Epilogue
Appendix: Sources: Flacks, Hacks, and Historians
Abbreviations of Frequently Cited Texts in Notes
Notes
Select Modern Bibliography
About the Author
Copyright Page
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