Seeds of Hope

by Jane Goodall

  12. “an enterprising farmer has developed” Ibid.

  13. “in order to help the tough economy” Ibid.

  14. “voted to allow the sale of produce” Ibid.

  15. “launched in 2002” “Chicago’s Farms and Projects,” Growing Power Inc., accessed August 21, 2013, http://www.growingpower.org/chicago_projects.htm.

  16. “lakefront area in the heart of downtown Chicago” Ibid.

  17. “nutritional, ecological, and public health problems” Ibid.

  18. “Detroit Food Policy Council knows that farming empowers people” “Detroit Food System Report 2011–2012,” Detroit Food Policy Council, accessed August 21, 2013, http://detroitfoodpolicycouncil.net/sites/default/files/pdfs/2011%202012%20Annual%20Food%20Report.pdf.

  19. “ ‘adopt a lot’ for free” Mark Bittman, “Imagining Detroit,” New York Times, May 17, 2011, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/17/imagining-detroit/.

  20. “has eight plots already” Ibid.

  21. “thirty houses were torn down” Ibid.

  22. “Citizens ages ten to sixty are volunteering” Ibid.

  23. “greening one area of three hundred acres” Ibid.

  24. “ ‘city rebuilt block by block’ ” Ibid.

  25. “ ‘to foster a gardening culture in Singapore’ ” “Community in Bloom—Mayfair Park Estate Five Years On,” MSN, March 31, 2010, http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/938live/calocalnews.aspx?cp-documentid=4003552.

  26. “six hundred that have been established” “Community in Bloom,” National Parks Board of Singapore, accessed August 21, 2013, http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32&Itemid=145.

  27. “devised to try to increase the productivity of the area” Annette Tan, “Singapore: From Garden City to Urban Farmland,” Today Online, April 20, 2013, http://www.cityfarmer.info/2013/04/25/singapore-from-garden-city-to-urban-farmland/.

  28. “Starbucks Coffee Company” Tan Hui Yee, “Good Food? It’s Grown Just around the Corner,” Straits Times, January 1, 2011, http://wildsingaporenews.blogspot.com/2011/01/good-food-its-grown-just-around-corner.html#.UfbZMuC9xm0.

  29. “Somalis, Cambodians, Liberians” Patricia Leigh Brown, “When the Uprooted Put Down Roots,” New York Times, October 9, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/10/us/refugees-in-united-states-take-up-farming.html?pagewanted=all.

  30. “Burundian mothers with babies on their backs” Ibid.

  31. “just at, and some even below, the US poverty line” Ibid.

  32. “housed in apartments” Ibid.

  33. “conversation took place between” Anna Gorman, “In San Diego, Fertile Ground for the Seeds of Understanding,” Los Angeles Times, January 15, 2010, http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jan/15/local/la-me-farm15-2010jan15.

  34. “passion about the need his people felt” Ibid.

  35. “escaping the Khmer Rouge” Ibid.

  36. “a vacant lot of 2.3 acres” Ibid.

  37. “when the New Roots Community Farm opened” Ibid.

  38. “shared stories about the violence” Ibid.

  39. “eighty-five families from twelve countries” Brown, op. cit., http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/10/us/refugees-in-united-states-take-up-farming.html?pagewanted=all.

  40. “sold each Saturday” Ibid.

  41. “one of about fifty such community farms” Ibid.

  42. “these farms are very successful” Ibid.

  43. “thirteen hundred farmers are taking part in this program” Ibid.

  44. “running their own independent farms” Ibid.

  45. “largest in the United States is Seed Savers Exchange” “Seed Donation Program,” Seed Savers Exchange, accessed August 21, 2013, http://www.seedsavers.org/Education/Seed-Donation-Program/. “Mission,” Seed Savers Exchange, accessed August 21, 2013, http://www.seedsavers.org/About-Us/Mission/.

  46. “more than thirteen thousand in 2013” Judy Blank, “Seed Savers Exchange,” Market to Market: The Weekly Journal of Rural America, May 30, 2013, http://www.iptv.org/mtom/story.cfm/feature/10529/mtom_20130530_3840_feature.

  CHAPTER 17

  47. “ ‘From one year’s end to another’ ” Richard Coniff, The Species Seekers: Heroes, Fools, and the Mad Pursuit of Life on Earth (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011).

  48. “ ‘It is unbelievable that the Creator’ ” Ibid.

  49. “came upon the stump” “Yakushima Island,” Practical Travel Guide, Japan National Tourism Organization, accessed August 21, 2013, http://zoomingjapan.com/pdf/Yakushima.pdf. Clifford Desch, “A Brief Visit to Yakushima,” Journal of the American Rhododendron Society 40 (1986), http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JARS/v40n3/v40n3-desch.htm. “Yakusugi Land [pamphlet],” Conservation & Stewardship Council for Yakushima Recreation Forest, accessed August 21, 2013, http://yakushima.injapan.org/docs/Yakusugi.pdf.

  50. “known as Wilson’s Stump” “Wilson’s Stump,” Japan Ministry of the Environment, accessed September 10, 2013, http://www.env.go.jp/nature/isan/worldheritage/en/yakushima/area/a04.html.

  51. “exploitation of the tar sands” “Pipeline Project Could Turn Maine into ‘Dirty Tar Sands Oil’ Capital of the Eastern U.S. [press release],” Natural Resources Council of Maine, August 31, 2011, http://www.nrcm.org/news_detail.asp?news=4362.

  52. “persuading African governments” “Growing Africa: Unlocking the Potential of Agribusiness,” The World Bank, January 2013, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/africa-agribusiness-report-2013.pdf. Yan Gao, Margaret Skutsch, Omar Masera, and Pablo Pacheco, “A Global Analysis of Deforestation Due to Biofuel Development,” Center for International Forestry Research, 2011, http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP68Pacheco.pdf.

  53. “insisted it be printed on paper” This book was printed on Domtar’s EarthChoice Tradebook. The paper contains fiber from well-managed environmentally sound forests that are independently certified to the standards of the Forest Stewardship Council. This paper also contains 30 percent recycled paper, which was recovered from postconsumer waste.

  54. “case studies in seven countries” Nigel Dudley, Sue Stolton, and Jean-Paul Jeanrenaud, “Pulp Fact: Environmental Implications of the Paper Cycle,” World Wildlife Federation International, 1996, http://www.equilibriumresearch.com/upload/document/pulpfact.pdf. “The Ramin Paper Trail: Asia Pulp & Paper Under Investigation, Part 2,” Greenpeace, March 1, 2012, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/Campaign-reports/Forests-Reports/The-Ramin-Paper-Trail/. “How Sinar Mas Is Pulping the Planet,” Greenpeace, July 6, 2010, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/reports/SinarMas-APP/.

  55. “promises by the companies” Dudley, op. cit.

  56. “has repeatedly targeted pulpwood plantations” Anne Petermann and Orin Langelle, “Plantations, GM Trees and Indigenous Rights,” Seedling (July 2006), http://www.grain.org/article/entries/565-plantations-gm-trees-and-indigenous-rights.pdf. Donald G. Meadows and Marella M. Synovec, “Economic Stability Bodes Well for Brazilian Pulp and Paper Producers,” Tappi Journal (November 1997): 104–108. “Brazil Peasants Stage Protests Ahead of Bush Visit,” Reuters, March 7, 2007, http://www.mstbrazil.org/news/03072007-reuters-reports-brazil-peasants-stage-protests-ahead-bush-visit.

  57. “mounting international protest” Rhett A. Butler, “The Beginning of the End of Deforestation in Indonesia?” Mongabay, February 5, 2013, http://news.mongabay.com/2013/0205-app-forest-policy.html.

  58. “was forced to cancel the deal” C. Nampewo, “Saving Mabira Rainforest: Using Public Interest Litigation in Uganda to Save Mabira and Other Rainforests,” Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 40, no. 2 (2013): 523–53A.

  59. “60 percent of deforested land” “Cattle Ranching and Deforestation,” Livestock Policy Brief, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accessed August 21, 2013, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0262e/a0262e00.pdf. See also “Amazon Cattle Footprint,” Greenpeace, accessed August 21, 2013, http://www.gr
eenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2009/1/amazon-cattle-footprint-mato.pdf.

  60. “fewer seedlings growing in forests” Edu O. Effiom et al., “Bushmeat Hunting Changes Regeneration of African Rainforests,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280 (May 2013): 20130246.

  61. “one of the leaders of the movement” Ramachandra Guha, “Mahatma Gandhi and the Environmental Movement in India,” in Environmental Movements in Asia, ed. Arne Kalland and Gerard Persoon (Surrey, UK: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1998), 65, 66.

  62. “Bachni Devi, heeded his advice” Vandana Shiva, Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development (London: Zed Books, 1988), 75–76.

  63. “join hands around the tree trunks” O. P. Dwivedi, “Satyagraha for Conservation: Awakening the Spirit of Hinduism,” in Roger S. Gottlieb, This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment (New York: Routledge, 1996), 160. Paul Ekins, A New World Order: Grassroots Movements for Global Change (New York: Routledge, 1992), 143.

  64. “the foresters gave up” Shiva, op. cit., 75–76.

  65. “News of that first protest spread” Shiva, op. cit., 73–76.

  66. “meaning ‘hug or embrace’ ” Ekins, op. cit., 143.

  67. “its philosophy is rooted in satyagraha” Dwivedi, op. cit., 160–61.

  68. “key figures in the fight to save the forests” Robert A. Hutchison, “A Tree Hugger Stirs Villagers in India to Save Their Forests,” Smithsonian (February 1988): 184–93. Harihar Swarup, “Bahuguna, the Sentinel of Himalayas,” The Tribune, July 8, 2007, http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070708/edit.htm#2. See also Shiva, op. cit., 73.

  69. “personal appeal to Mrs. Indira Ganhi” Ekins, op. cit., 143.

  70. “for fifteen years” Ibid.

  71. “walk across the Himalayas” Manveer Saini, “Bahuguna to Campaign for the Aravalis,” The Times of India, April 13, 2009, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-13/india/28044605_1_aravalis-sunderlal-bahuguna-tehri.

  72. “Chipko movement spread throughout India” Pankaj H. Gupta, “From Chipko to Climate Change: Remote Rural Communities Grapple with Global Environmental Agendas,” Mountain Research and Development 28, no. 1 (February 2008): 4–7.

  73. “he became a forester” Richard Barbe St. Baker, My Life—My Trees (London: Lutterworth, 1970), 38ff.

  74. “He also helped reforestation efforts” “Richard St. Barbe Baker,” Contemporary Authors (Detroit: Gale, 2003).

  75. “twenty-six trillion trees were planted” “Planting for the Future: Forestry for Human Needs” [book review], International Journal of Environmental Studies 14, no. 1 (1979): 77.

  76. “planted his last tree” Ruth Wright Millar, Saskatchewan Heroes & Rogues (Markham, OH: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2004), 174.

  77. “The NGO he started” “Our Work,” International Tree Foundation, accessed August 20, 2013, http://internationaltreefoundation.org/our-work/.

  78. “to declare rain forest protection” “Rainforest News and Info,” Rainforest Information Centre, accessed July 29, 2013, http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/newwrr.htm. See also “Australian Conservationist Lecture to Be Held on April 23,” Arkansas State Newsletter, April 21, 2007, http://www.targetednews.com/nl_disp.php?nl_date_id=7025.

  79. “the government tried to take over an area” Wangari Maathai, Unbowed: A Memoir (New York: Knopf, 2006), 233ff. “The Good, the Bad… and the Ugly,” Ecologist 31 (April 2001): 24.

  80. “ ‘has become a war zone’ ” Vandana Shiva, “Forests and Freedom,” ZSpace Communications, January 5, 2011, http://www.zcommunications.org/forests-and-freedom-by-vandana-shiva.

  81. “forests store huge amounts of carbon” M. Carlson, J. Wells, and D. Roberts, “The Carbon the World Forgot: Conserving the Capacity of Canada’s Boreal Forest Region to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change,” Boreal Songbird Initiative and Canadian Boreal Initiative, 2009, http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Wilderness_protection/carbon%20report-full.pdf?n=2779.

  82. “about 10 percent of global CO2” Harris et al., “Progress Toward a Consensus on Carbon Emissions from Tropical Deforestation,” Winrock International and Woods Hole Research Center, November 2012, http://www.whrc.org/news/pressroom/pdf/WI_WHRC_Policy_Brief_Forest_CarbonEmissions_finalreportReduced.pdf. “Deforestation Accounts for 10 Percent of Global Carbon Emissions, Argues New Study,” Mongabay, June 21, 2012, http://news.mongabay.com/2012/0621-carbon-emissions-from-deforestation.html.

  83. “lack of concern for the welfare of villagers” Erin C. Myers Madeira, “Policies to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) in Tropical Forests: An Examination of the Issues Facing the Incorporation of REDD into Market-Based Climate Policies,” Resources for the Future, December 2008, http://www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-Rpt-REDD_final.2.20.09.pdf. Gary W. Luck et al., “Ethical Considerations in on-Ground Applications of the Ecosystem Services Concept,” Bioscience 62, no. 12 (December 2012): 1020–29. David Melick, Jeff Kinch, and Hugh Govan, “How Global Biodiversity Targets Risk Becoming Counterproductive: The Case of Papua New Guinea,” Conservation and Society 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 344–53.

  84. “important to alleviate poverty” “What Is Redd+?” Redd+ Net, accessed July 29, 2013, http://Redd-Net.Org/Themes/Redd-Backgrounder-What-Is-Redd.

  CHAPTER 18

  1. “known as ‘mop crops’ ” Leigh Davison, Murry Cullen, and Keith Bolton, “Ecotechnology at Southern Cross University—Australia,” Ecological Engineering Newsletter 9 (June 2003), http://www.iees.ch/EcoEng041/EcoEng041_Davisonetal.html. Ilya Raskin, Robert D. Smith, and David E. Salt, “Phytoremediation of Metals: Using Plants to Remove Pollutants from the Environment,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology 8 (1997): 221–26.

  2. “a way to treat wastewater” “Recent Developments for In Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils,” US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), March 5, 1997, http://epa.gov/tio/download/remed/metals2.pdf. M. P. Huxley, J. F. Kreis, and J. E. Tumarkin, “Environmental Restoration—Expedient Methods and Technologies: A User Guide with Case Studies,” Institute for Defense Analyses and the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense Environmental Security, March 1998, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA346836.

  3. “pennycress and a small violet” M. M. Lasat, “Phytoextraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil: A Review of Plant/Soil/Metal Interaction and Assessment of Pertinent Agronomic Issues,” Journal of Hazardous Substance Research 2, no. 5 (2000): 1–25.

  4. “various species of fern were able to remove arsenic” K. M. Komar, “Phytoremediation of Arsenic Contaminated Soils: Plant Identification and Uptake Enhancement” (master’s thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 1999).

  5. “at least twenty other indigenous American plants” “Use of Field-Scale Phytotechnology for Chlorinated Solvents, Metals, Explosives and Propellants, and Pesticides,” Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5102G), EPA 524-R-05-002, Environmental Protection Agency status report (April 2005), http://www.epa.gov/tio/download/remed/542-r-05-002.pdf. Stevie Famulari, “Phytoremediation,” accessed August 25, 2013, http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/famulari_research/index.php.

  6. “Poplar and willow trees” A. S. El-Gendy et al., “Assessments of the Efficacy of a Long-term Application of a Phytoremediation System Using Hybrid Poplar Trees at Former Oil Tank Farm Sites,” Water Environment Research 81, no. 5 (May 2009): 486–98. Werther Guidi, Hafssa Kadri, and Michel Labrecque, “Establishment Techniques to Using Willow for Phytoremediation on a Former Oil Refinery in Southern Quebec: Achievements and Constraints,” Chemistry and Ecology 28, no. 1 (February 2012): 49–64.

  7. “cleanup effort after the Chernobyl disaster” McGraw Hill Higher Education, “Phytoremediation: Using Plants to Clean Soil: Chernobyl (Ukraine),” Botany: Global Issues Map, February 2000, http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/botany_map/articles/article_10.html. Rep. Cynthia Thielen, “Hemp Plant Is Exciting Agricultural Opportunity for Hawaii,” Honolulu Star-Advertiser, February 18, 2013, htt
p://www.staradvertiser.com/s?action=login&f=y&id=191580861. See also http://houseminority.wordpress.com/2013/02/20/hemp-plant-is-exciting-agricultural-opportunity-for-hawaii-by-rep-cynthia-thielen/.

  8. “sunflowers were also used” “Atomic Sunflowers,” Public Radio International, Environmental News Magazine, July 29, 2011, http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=11-P13-00030&segmentID=2.

  9. “ ‘A world of grass and flowers stretched around me’ ” Eliza R. Steele, A Summer Journal in the West (New York: J. S. Taylor, 1841), 125.

  10. “fifty-six thousand square miles” “About Illinois: Data & Statistics,” State of Illinois, accessed September 10, 2013, http://www.illinois.gov/about/Pages/DataAndStatistics.aspx. Sharon Gough, “Grassroots Works for Grasslands,” Missouri Department of Conservation, last modified November 17, 2010, http://mdc.mo.gov/conmag/2004/12/grassroots-works-grasslands?page=full.

  11. “less than 1 percent of the original grasslands” Gough, op. cit., http://mdc.mo.gov/conmag/2004/12/grassroots-works-grasslands?page=full.

  12. “like the grasslands of Australia” Anett Richter, “What Makes Species Vulnerable to Extinction Following Habitat Fragmentation and Degradation?: A Test Using the Insect Fauna and Native Temperate Grasslands in South-Eastern Australia,” PhD thesis, University of Canberra, 2010, http://www.canberra.edu.au/researchrepository/items/14c85da4-f5ba-3d98-2581-7b0ca370c4ce/1/. “Grasslands and Prairies: Conserving These Crucial but Endangered Habitats,” Nature Conservancy, accessed August 22, 2013, http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/habitats/grasslands/index.htm.

  13. “affected some 150,000 square miles” Donald Worster, “Dust Bowl,” in The Oxford Companion to United States History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001). “Dust Bowl,” in The Reader’s Companion to American History (1991), accessed August 25, 2013.