by Adrian Raine
ventral prefrontal cortex, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
ventricles, 5.1, 7.1
verbal aggression
verbal skills, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 9.1
Vietnam War, 7.1, 7.2
Villella, Giuseppe, autopsy on skull of, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1
violence
attraction to
author’s personal experience with
biological interventions in
birth complications as precursors of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2
and brain, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1
brain damage and, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
brain malfunction in, 3.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1
cancer compared to, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5
and control, 1.1, 4.1
death rates from
decline of, 7.1, 11.1
as destiny
difference in worldwide rates of
early life experiences as predictors of, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1
evil and, 11.1, 11.2
evolutionary theory of
evolving perspective on, prf.1, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 11.1
exponential increase in
family environment and
genes, brain and, 8.1, 8.2
genetics and social interaction in, 2.1, 8.1
genetic survival and
heavy metal exposure and
heritability of, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.1, 11.1
hypothetical future scenarios for
ideological basis of, 4.1, 7.1
interaction of social and biological factors in, see biosocial model
malnutrition and
mental illness and
moderation in
monetary cost of, 6.1, 9.1
and neuroanatomy, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1
neurotransmitter levels and
omega-3 and
peak age for, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1
physical anomalies in
as predominant in men, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2
and proactive aggression
as public-health problem, 6.1, 9.1, 11.1
recipe for
schizophrenia and, 7.1, 9.1
treatment for, itr.1, 11.1
XYY chromosomes and
see also crime
violence prevention, biological interventions in, 8.1, 9.1
Virginia Tech massacre
Virkkunen, Matti
visual cortex, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2
voices, hearing of, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1
“voluptuous delight” 3.1, 3.2
waist-to-hip ratio
waiteri (fierce)
war
killing in
men as predominant in
political aggression and
Warhol, Andy
warrior gene, MAOA as
Washington Post
Weinberger, Linda
Weinstein, Barbara
Weinstein, Herbert, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
welders, heavy metal exposure in, 7.1, 7.2
“What is it?” response
White, Dan
white-collar crimes, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1
white matter, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1
in lying, 5.1, 5.2
Whiting, Roy
Widom, Cathy
Wille, Reinhard
Wilson, Margo
Wisconsin card-sorting task, 5.1, 10.1
witchcraft
Without Conscience (Hare)
Wolfgang, Marvin
women
attractiveness of, 1.1, 1.2
evolutionary survival role for, 1.1, 1.2
fearfulness in
fertility and rape of
heart rate in
mental illness in, 7.1, 7.2
mindfulness training in
parental investment of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1
physical abuse of
prefrontal cortex in
prenatal education for
as serial killers
as sex slaves
“soft” aggression in
as victims of serial killers, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
viewed as dangerous
World Health Organization (WHO), 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1
World Trade Center, September 11, 2001, attack on, 8.1
World War II, 6.1, 7.1
X chromosome
XYY chromosomes, 2.1, 8.1
Yang, Yaling, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Yanomamo Indians
York University, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
Young, Roland
zinc deficiency, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1
zygote
Illustrations
FIGURE 3.1: Positron-emission tomography (PET) scans showing a bird’s-eye view of reduced prefrontal functioning in murderers (top of scan) compared with controls. Red and yellow indicate higher brain functioning.
FIGURE 3.2: Bird’s-eye view of PET scans showing reduced orbitofrontal activation (very top of scan) in the impulsive murderer Antonio Bustamante compared with a normal control
FIGURE 3.3: Bird’s-eye view of functional brain scans (PET scans) of a normal control (bottom left), serial killer Randy Kraft (middle), a onetime impulsive murderer (right), and the author (top)
FIGURE 3.4: Bird’s-eye view showing reduced prefrontal functioning (top of PET scan), specifically in a reactive murderer compared with a proactive murderer and a normal control. Red and yellow indicate higher brain functioning.
FIGURE 3.5: Side view (top), head-on view (middle), and bird’s-eye view (bottom) of MRI slices showing brain regions associated only with moral decision-making (green), only with violence (red), and areas associated with both violence and moral decision-making (yellow)
FIGURE 5.1: Structural MRI scan exposing the prefrontal cortex (right), and on the left a prefrontal head-on slice showing separation of neuronal matter (green) from axonal white matter
FIGURE 5.4: Head-on view of the brain showing segmentation of the prefrontal cortex into gyral sectors to calculate brain volumes in those with antisocial personality disorder
FIGURE 8.4: Bird’s-eye view of PET scans showing reduced prefrontal functioning (top of scan) in murderers from good homes. Red and yellow indicate higher brain functioning.
FIGURE 10.1: PET scans showing reduced ventral prefrontal functioning in the murderer Donta Page compared with normal controls. The right column shows a bird’s-eye view. In the left column, you are looking head-on and slightly up at the brain.
ALSO BY ADRIAN RAINE
The Psychopathology of Crime
Violence and Psychopathy
Crime and Schizophrenia