The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
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Lincoln Tunnel
Lindsay, John V.
liner conferences. See conferences
Little, Arthur D.
Litton Industries
Liverpool, England
Lloyd’s Shipping Economist
locking systems
Lodge, Henry Cabot
logistics. See also cargo handling
London
London Docks
London, Midland, and Scottish Railway
Long Beach, CA; and port redevelopment; Vietnam War and
Long Island Railroad
longshoremen: accidents and injuries involving; and containers; and control over workplace; and crime; culture of; ethnic background of; income and wages of; militancy of; payments to displaced; productivity of; race relations among; registration and hiring of; strikes by; traditional work of. See also International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union; International Longshoremen’s Association; Transport and General Workers Union
Los Angeles, CA; intermodal traffic through; labor relations in; manufacturing in; objections to Sea-Land by; and port development; Vietnam War and
Loveland, S. C., Co.
Ludwig, Daniel K.
Lukenbach Steamship Company
Lukens, Matthias
Lumber
Lumberton, NC
McIntyre, Sidney
McKinsey & Co.
McLean, Angus Wilton
McLean, Clara
McLean, James
McLean, Malcolm Purcell, Sr.
McLean, Malcom, Jr.
McLean, Malcom P.: container scheme of; and cost control; and expansion plans; financial acumen of; and First Colony Farms; historical assessment of; and indebtedness; and McLean Industries; management style of; personality of; and Port of New York Authority; and regulators; and Sea-Land sale; and split with R. J. Reynolds; and strategy; as trucking entrepreneur; and twist-lock release; and United States Lines; and Vietnam War; and Waterman purchase; youth of
McLean Industries: bid by for Bull Line; and containers; and Equipment Rental Inc.; financial performance of; formation of; Litton investment in; Ludwig investment in; Puerto Rico subsidiary of; railyard plans of; and Sea-Land sale; and U.S. Lines
McLean Trucking: business of; creation of; management of; and mergers; and recruiting; sale of; and trailership scheme
McNamara, Robert
Macmillan, Harold
Maersk Line
Malaysia
Manchester, England
Manhattan: employment in; and port traffic; water-front of
Manila
manufacturing: economic role of; and freight transportation; just-in-time; location of; vertical integration in
Marine Steel Corporation
Marseilles, France
Maseru, Lesotho
Massachusetts Port Authority
Matson Navigation Company: adoption of containerization by; and containers; contrast of with Pan-Atlantic; and East Asia service; fleet of; and intermodal service; and Japan service; and military service; mistakes of; Oakland base of; and standardization; and union relations
Mattel Corp.
Maxton, NC
Mayaguez, PR
Meany, George
meat shipments
Mechanization and Modernization Agreement. See International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union
Mediterranean Shipping Company
Melbourne, Australia
merchant marine, U.S.: and coastwise trade; and containerization; and costs; in postwar era; and regulation; and subsidies; in World War II; in Vietnam
mergers
Mersey Docks and Harbour Board
Mexico
Meyner, Robert
MH-5 Committee. See American Standards Association
Miami, FL
Middle East
military freight
Military Sea Transportation Service. See United States Navy
minibridge
Minneapolis
Missouri Pacific Railway
Mitsui group
Mitsui Steamship Company Mobile, AL
Mokyr, Joel
M⊘ller, A. P. See Maersk Line
Montreal
Moore-McCormack Lines
Moscoso, Teodoro
Moses, Robert
Muller, Fred
Mullman, Morris
Munich, Germany
National Bulk Carriers
National Castings Company
National City Bank
National Defense Transportation Association
National Dock Labour Board
National Maritime Union
Navy, U.S. See United States Navy
Nedlloyd
Netherlands
Never Steal Anything Small
Newark, NJ: and containership service; dominance of in East; McLean plan for; Port Authority involvement with; and port traffic
Newell, James P.
New Jersey: docks of before containerization; and market share; and port construction; railroads in; warehouses and factories shift to
New Jersey Turnpike
New Orleans
New York, Port of; labor negotiations in; and shift to New Jersey; traffic in
New York Central Railroad
New York City: containerization impact on; employment in; international trade role of; manufacturing in; Marine and Aviation Department of; passenger ship terminal in; pier reconstruction in; piers in; Planning Commission of; politics in; Port Authority relations with; and port costsnn. 3 and 9; Staten Island terminal. See also International Longshoremen’s Association; New York, Port of; New York Shipping Association
New York Shipping Association
New York Herald Tribune
New York Times
New York Post
New York World-Telegram
New York World Trade Corporation
New Zealand
Nha Be, Vietnam
nonconference carriers
North Atlantic Pool Agreement
North Shore Line (railroad)
Norton Lilly & Co.
Nutter, Ben
N.Y.K. Line
Oakland; containerport development in; before containers; lease of with Sea-Land; and traffic
O’Connor, Vincent
O’Dwyer, William
Ogden, E. B.
Ohio
oil crises
Okinawa
On the Waterfront
Orient Overseas Line
Osaka Japan
Overseas Containers Ltd.
Pacific Coast Engineering Company
Pacific Maritime Association
Pacini, Alfred
pallets
palm oil shipments
Panama Canal
Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corporation: and container scheme; McLean purchase of; Newark headquarters of; and Puerto Rico service; and rates; renaming of; and ship operation; and standardization; and twist-lock patent; and union relations. See also McLean Industries; Sea-Land Service; Waterman Steamship Corp.
Pascagoula, MS
Peninsula & Oriental
Perm Central Railroad
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Railroad
Peru
Philadelphia
Philippines
Pilcher, William
piggyback service. See railroads
pineapple
Pinehurst, NC
Polaroid Corp.
Ponce, PR
Port Angeles, WA
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. See also Port of New York Authority
port calls
Port Klang, Malaysia
Portland (OR)
Port of __. See name of port city
Port of London Authority
Port of New York Authority: and airports; and concern about cargo theft; and construction of Port Elizabeth; dominance of in East; and early embrace of containerization; formation of; interest of in shippingn, and, relations of with
New York City. See also King, A. Lyle; Port Authority of New York and New Jersey; Tobin, Austin
Port of Singapore Authority
ports: in Asia; competition among; concentration among; containerization at East Coast; before containers; containers and; depth of; as distribution centers; and employment; in Great Britain; privatization of; productivity of; public expenditures on; increased size of
Powell, Stanley
Price, Robert
Prior-Palmer, G. E.
Propeller Club
Prudential Lines
Prussia
public loaders
Puerto Rico: containership service to; disappearance of containers in; and economic development; military shipments to; and shipping costs
Pullman Company
Qingdao, China
Queen Mary
Qui Nhon, Vietnam
railroads: attitude of toward containerization; before containers; boxcars; and container standardization; and container traffic prior to 1932; deregulation of in United States; and double-stack service; and early containers; flatcars; and New York City; on-dock; and piggyback service; and ports; and rate structures; refrigerated cars; and ship lines; and track standardization
Ramage, Lawson
rebates
retailers
revenue bonds
Reynolds (R. J.) Industries
Ricardo, David
Richardson, Paul
Richmond, CA
Rockefeller, David
Roger, Sidney
roll on-roll off ships
Rosenberg, Nathan
Rostow, W. W.
Rotterdam: as European container center; labor arrangements in; among largest ports; services to
Ryan, Joseph
Sager, Karl Heinz
Saigon, Vietnam
St. Johnston, Kerry
St. Katherine Docks, London
St. Lawrence Seaway
St. Sure, J. Paul
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA: before containerization; impact of containerization on; labor relations in; and objection to Sea-Land; and port redevelopment
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Santa Rosa
Savannah, GA
Sayre, Wallace S.
ScanDutch
Scotland
Scott, Norman
scramble. See shape-up
Sea Containers Ltd.
Seaforth docks
Sea-Land Service: business of; and containers; buys Econships; and Elizabeth terminal; expansion of in 1970s; and European service; and Felixstowe development; finances of; fleet of; and intracoastal service; and Japan service; and Litton Industries; Maersk ownership of; and military cargo; Newark base of; and Okinawa service; opened by Pan-Atlantic; Pan-Atlantic renamed as; and Philippine service; and Puerto Rico service; and railroads; and rates; and rebates; and R. J. Reynolds; and standardization; and SL-7s; bid of for U.S. lines; and U.S. ports; and Vietnam service
Seatrain Lines
Seattle, WA; and Alaska trade; and competition; and containerport development; as distribution center; and Vietnam War
Seattle Port Commission
security
Shanghai, China
shape-up
Sharpe Army Depot
Shenzhen, China
shipbuilding: by consortia; of Econships; by Evergreen; glut of; at Ingalls shipyard; Japanese subsidies for; in mid-1960s; by new companies; of second-generation containerships; U.S. subsidies for; after World War II
shippers
shippers’ councils
Shipping Act of 1984
shipping costs: before containerization; with early containers; under contracts; data about; decline in; deregulation and; flat rates and; intermodal; and market concentration; in 1950s; in 1960s; in 1970s; in 1980s-1990s; in poor countries; rate wars; theoretic assumptions about; time and. See also conferences; nonconference carriers
Singapore; and port development; and traffic growth
Skagit Steel & Iron Works
Smathers, George
smuggling
South Africa
South African Marine
Southampton
Southern Railway
Soviet Union
Spain
spreader bars
standardization: benefits of; of container construction; of container dimensions; of container systems; of corner fittings; and performance; of railway gauge
Staten Island, NY
States Marine Lines
steamship
steel
stevedoring companies: in Great Britain; and port ownership; in United States
Straits of Malacca
Strick Trailers
strikes. See also International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union; International Longshoremen’s Association; Transport and General Workers Union
Subie Bay, Philippines
Suez Canal
sugar
supply chains
Surrey Docks, London
Switzerland
Sydney, Australia
T-2 tanker ships
Tacoma, WA
Taichung, Taiwan
Taiwan
Tampa FL
Tanjung Pelepas, Malaysia
Tantlinger, Keith: inventions of; and McLean Industries; role of in standardization
tariffs
Teamsters Union
technological change
telegraph
TEU (20-foot equivalent unit)
Thailand
Thames River
Thatcher, Margaret
Tilbury, England
Tobin, Austin
Tokyo
Toyota Motor Co.
Tozzoli, Guy E.
trade, international: in containers; in intermediate goods; magnitude of; in nineteenth century; pattern of; shipping costs as barrier to; time as barrier to
Trailer Train Company
Trailmobile Corp.
tramp ships
transit warehouses
Transport and General Workers Union
Transportation Act of 1958
Trans World Airlines
TRIO
Trotter, Eddie
trucking: and containers; before containers; and container standards; deregulation of in United States; development of; and market share; and piggyback services
trucks: design of; engines of; and trailers
Tung, C. Y.
United Arab Emirates
United Auto Workers
United Cargo Corporation
United Mine Workers
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Shipping Company
United States
United States, economy of
United States Air Force
United States Army: and early use of containers; First Logistical Command; Materiel Command; in Vietnam
United States Coast Guard
United States Congress
United States Department of Defense; Joint Logistics Review Board
United States Department of Labor
United States Federal Maritime Board
United States Federal Maritime Commission
United States Freight Company
United States Joint Chiefs of Staff
United States Lines: bankruptcy of; finances of; McLean and; and new pier in New York; and round-the-world service; sale of to Kidde; and Sea-Land bid; and takeover of Delta and Prudential; and transatlantic service
United States Maritime Administration: and operating subsidies; as regulator; role of in setting standards
United States Navy: claim of on merchant fleet; Military Sea Transportation Service; and shipping contracts; and SL-7 acquisition
variety (of goods)
Venezuela
Victory Ships
Vietnam War; containership service in; corruption during; danger pay for seamen in; and logistics; military buildup in; and Newport development;
and port facilities; U.S. politics and
Wagner, Robert E.
Wal-Mart
warehouses. See transit warehouses
Warrior
Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
Waterman Steamship Corp.: culture of; and flat rates; McLean purchase of; move of to New Jersey; ships of; shipyard of; and subsidies. See also McLean Industries; Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corporation; Sea-Land Service
Weldon, Foster
Wellington, New Zealand
Westmoreland, William
wharves; vertical piers
Whirlpool Corporation
whiskey shipments
Whitehall Club
White Star Line
wholesaling
Winston-Salem, NC
Works Progress Administration
World Bank
Wriston, Walter
Xerox Corp.
Yokohamajapan
Yom Kippur War
York, PA
Younger, Kenneth
Zim Line