by A. A. Long
[97] Fränkel, H. Early Greek Poetry and Philosophy. A History of Greek Epic, Lyric, and Prose to the Middle of the Fifth Century (Oxford, 1973; repr. New York, 1975), trans. M. Hadas and J. Willis of Dichtung und Philosophie des frühen Griechentums (Munich, 1962).
[98] Frankfort, H. and H. A., J. A. Wilson, and T. Jacobsen. Before Philosophy (Baltimore, 1949).
[99] Furley, D. J. The Greek Cosmologists, vol. 1: The Formation of the Atomic Theory and its Earliest Critics (Cambridge, 1987).
[100] Havelock, E. A. The Greek Concept of Justice: From its Shadow in Homer to its Substance in Plato (Cambridge, Mass., 1978).
[101] Heath, T. A History of Greek Mathematics, vol. 1 (Oxford, 1921).
[102] Jaeger, W. Paideia. The Ideals of Greek Culture (New York, 1965), vol. 1, trans. G. Highet of 2nd German ed. (Berlin, 1947).
[103] Jones, J. W. The Law and Legal Theory of the Greeks (Oxford, 1956).
[104] Kahn, C. H. The Verb ‘Be’in Ancient Greek (Dordrecht, 1973).
[105] Kingsley, P. Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition (Oxford/New York, 1995).
[106] Kirk, G. S. Myth: Its Meaning and Function in Ancient and Other Cultures (Cambridge, 1970).
[107] Knorr, W. R. The Evolution of the Euclidean Elements (Dordrecht/Boston, 1975).
[108] Lloyd, G. E. R. Polarity and Analogy: Two Types of Argumentation in Early Greek Thought (Cambridge, 1966).
[109] Lloyd, G. E. R. Early Greek Science from Thales to Aristotle (London, 1967).
[110] Lloyd, G. E. R. Magic, Reason and Experience: Studies in the Origin and Development of Greek Science (Cambridge, 1979).
[111] Lloyd, G. E. R. The Revolutions of Wisdom: Studies in the Claims and Practice of Ancient Greek Science (Berkeley, 1987).
[112] Lloyd, G. E. R. Demystifying Mentalities (Cambridge, 1990).
[113] Lloyd-Jones, H. The Justice of Zeus (Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1971).
[114] Long, A. A. “Thinking about the Cosmos: Greek Philosophy from Thales to Aristotle,” in R. Browning, ed. The Greek World (London, 1985) 101–114.
[115] Longrigg, J. Greek Rational Medicine. Philosophy and Medicine from Alcmaeon to the Alexandrians (London/New York, 1993).
[116] Mansfeld, J. “Myth science philosophy: a question of origins,” in W. M. Calder III, U. K. Goldsmith, and P. B. Kenevan, eds. Hypatia. Festschrift Hazel E. Barnes (Boulder, Colo., 1985) 45–65 = Mansfeld [32] 1–21.
[117] Mourelatos, A. P. D. “Pre-Socratic origins of the principle that there are no origins from nothing,” JP 78 (1981) 649–65.
[118] Mourelatos, A. P. D. “Quality, structure, and emergence in later Presocratic philosophy,” BACAP 2(1987) 127–94.
[119] Murray, O. Early Greece, 2nd ed. (London, 1993).
[120] Onians, R. B. The Origins of European Thought, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1954).
[121] Ostwald, M. From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law (Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1986).
[122] Popper, Sir Karl “Back to the Presocratics,” in Furley/Allen [148] 130–53, first publ. in PAS 59 (1958–59) 1–24.
which is answered by
[123] Kirk, G. S. “Popper on science and the Presocratics,” in Furley/Allen [148] 154–77, first publ. in Mind 69 (1960) 318–39.
The debate between them is assessed by
[124] Lloyd, G. E. R. “Popper versus Kirk: a controversy in the interpretation of Greek science,” in Lloyd [154] (1991) 100–20.
[125] Pritchard, J. B., ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, 3rd ed. (Princeton, 1969).
[126] Sambursky, S. The Physical World of the Greeks (London, 1956).
[127] Seidel, G. S. Martin Heidegger and the Pre-Socratics (Lincoln, Nebr., 1964).
[128] Snell, B. The Discovery of the Mind. The Greek Origins of European Thought (Oxford, 1953), trans. T. G. Rosenmeyer of Die Entdeckung des Geistes, 2nd ed. (Hamburg, 1948).
[129] Sorabji, R. Time, Creation and the Continuum (London, 1983).
[130] Stokes, M. C. One and Many in Presocratic Philosophy (Washington, D.C., 1971).
[131] Tannery, P. Pour I’histoire de la science hellène, 2nd ed., ed. A. Diés (Paris, 1930; 1st ed. 1887).
[132] Vernant, J.-P. The Origins of Greek Thought (Ithaca, 1982), trans, of Les origines de la pensée grecque (Paris, 1962).
[133] Vernant, J.-P. Myth and Thought among the Greeks (London, 1983), trans. of Mythe et pensée chez les Grecs (Paris, 1965).
[134] Walcot, P. Hesiod and the Near East (Cardiff, 1966).
[135] West, M. L. Hesiod, Theogony (Oxford, 1966).
[136] West, M. L. Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient (Oxford, 1971).
[137] Williams, B. A. O. “Philosophy,” in M. I. Finley, ed. The Legacy of Greece, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1981) 202–57.
[138] Williams, B. Shame and Necessity (Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1993).
(F) Collections of Articles
[139] Algra, K. A., P. W. Van der Horst, and D. T. Runia, eds. Polyhistor. Studies in the History and Historiography of Ancient Philosophy (Leiden, 1996).
[140] Anton, J. P. and G. L. Kustas, eds. Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy (Albany, N. Y., 1971).
[141] Anton, J. P. and A. Preus., eds. Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy, Volume Two (Albany, N.Y., 1983).
[142] Boudouris, K. J., ed. Ionian Philosophy (Athens, 1989).
[143] Cherniss, H. Selected Papers, ed. L. Tarán (Leiden, 1977).
[144] Cornford, F. M. The Unwritten Philosophy and Other Essays (Cambridge, 1950).
[145] Craig, E. General editor Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (London, 1998).
[146] Dodds, E. R. The Ancient Concept of Progress and Other Essays (Oxford, 1973).
[147] Fränkel, H. Wege und Formen frühgriechischen Denkens, 3rd ed. (Munich, 1968; 1st ed. 1955).
[148] Furley, D. J. and R. E. Allen, eds. Studies in Presocratic Philosophy, vol. 1: The Beginnings of Philosophy (London, 1970).
[149] Furley, D. J. and R. E. Allen, eds. Studies in Presocratic Philosophy, vol. 2: Eleatics and Pluralists (London, 1975).
[150] Furley, D. J. Cosmic Problems. Essays on Greek and Roman Philosophy of Nature (Cambridge, 1989).
[151] Goulet, R., ed. Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques, 2 vols. [more volumes forthcoming] (Paris, 1989–-).
[152] Heidegger, M. Early Greek Thinking, transl. D. F. Krell/F. A. Capuzzi (New York, 1974; repr. San Francisco, 1984).
[153] Hölscher, U. Anfängliches Fragen (Göttingen, 1968).
[154] Lloyd, G. E. R. Methods and Problems in Greek Science. Selected Papers (Cambridge, 1991).
[155] Mourelatos, A. P. D., ed. The Pre-Socratics. A Collection of Critical Essays, 2nd ed. with editor’s addenda (Princeton, 1993; 1st ed. New York, 1974).
[156] Owen, G. E. L. Logic, Science and Dialectic. Collected Papers on Greek Philosophy, ed. M. C. Nussbaum (Ithaca, 1986).
[157] Robb, K., ed. Language and Thought in Early Greek Philosophy (La Salle, Illinois, 1983).
[158] Shiner, R. A. and J. King-Farlow, eds. New Essays on Plato and the Presocratics (Guelph, 1976).
[159] Solmsen, F. Kleine Schriften (Hildesheim, 1968).
[160] Vlastos, G. Studies in Greek Philosophy. Vol. I: The Presocratics, ed. D. W. Graham (Princeton, 1995).
[161] Zeyl, D. J., ed. Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy (Westport, 1997).
II INDIVIDUAL PHILOSOPHERS AND MOVEMENTS
Items are cited here when they deal specifically with individual philosophers, movements, and themes of this volume’s topic chapters. Many of the works listed in Part I – notably Barnes [14], Guthrie [15, 16, 17], Stokes [130] and Furley [99] – will be profitably consulted throughout.
(A) The Milesians: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes. The beginnings of cosmology
The classic book, which includes minute analysis of the textual evidence for Anaximander, is
[162] Kahn, C. H. Anaximander and the Origins of Greek Cosmology (New York, 1960; repr. Indianapolis, 1995).
Other studies include:
[163] Asmis, E. “What is Anaximander’s Apeiron?” JHP 19 (1981) 279–97.
[164] Babut, D. “Le divin et les dieux dans la pensée d’Anaximandre,” REG 88 (1972) 1–32.
[165] Bodnár, I. M. “Anaximander’s rings,” CQ 38 (1988) 49–51.
[166] Classen, C. J. “Anaximander and Anaximenes: the earliest Greek theories of change,” Phronesis 22 (1977) 89–102.
[167] Couprie, D. L. “The visualization of Anaximander’s astronomy,” Apeiron 28 (1995) 159–82.
[168] Dancy, R. M. “Thales, Anaximander, and infinity,” Apeiron 22 (1989) 149–90.
[169] Dicks, D. R. “Thales,” CQ 9 (1959) 294–309.
[170] Dicks, D. R. “Solstices, equinoxes, & the Presocratics,” JHS 86 (1966) 26–40.
[171] Engmann, J. “Cosmic justice in Anaximander,” Phronesis 36 (1991) 1–26.
[172] Finkelberg, A. “Anaximander’s conception of the apeiron,” Phronesis 38 (1993) 229–56.
[173] Finkelberg, A. “Plural worlds in Anaximander,” AJP 115 (1994) 485–506.
[174] Freudenthal, G. “The theory of the opposites and an ordered universe: physics and metaphysics in Anaximander,” Phronesis 31 (1986) 197–228.
[175] Furley, D. J. “The dynamics of the earth: Anaximander, Plato, and the centrifocal theory,” in Furley [150] (1989) 14–26.
[176] Gottschalk, H. B. “Anaximander’s Apeiron,” Phronesis 10 (1965) 37–53.
[177] Hölscher, U. “Anaximander and the beginnings of Greek philosophy,” in Furley/Allen [148] 281–322, first publ. in Hermes 81 (1953) 255–77 and 385–417.
[178] Kirk, G. S. “Some problems in Anaximander,” in Furley/Allen [148] 323–49, first publ. in CQ 5 (1955) 21–38.
[179] Mansfeld, J. “Aristotle and others on Thales, or the beginnings of natural philosophy,” Mnemosyne 38 (1985) 109–29 = Mansfeld [32] 126–147.
[180] Panchenko, D. “Thales’ prediction of a solar eclipse,” Journal for the History of Astronomy 24 (1994) 275–88.
[181] Rescher, N. “Cosmic evolution in Anaximander,” Studium Generale 11 (1958) 718–31, repr. in his Essays in Philosophical Analysis (Pittsburgh, 1969).
[182] Seligman, P. The ‘Apeiron’ of Anaximander (London, 1962).
[183] Snell, B. “Die Nachrichten über die Lehre des Thales und die Anfänge der griechischen Philosophie-und Literaturgeschichte,” Philologus 96 (1944) 170–82 = B. Snell Gesammelte Schriften (Göttingen, 1966) 119–28.
[184] Solmsen, F. “Anaximander’s infinite: traces and influences,” AGP 44 (1962) 109–131.
[185] Stokes, M. C. “Hesiodic and Milesian cosmogonies,” Phronesis 7 (1963) 1–35, and 8 (1964) 1–34.
[186] Vlastos, G. “Equality and justice in early Greek cosmologies,” in Furley/Allen [148] 56–91 = Vlastos [160] 57–88, first publ. in CP 42 (1947) 156–78.
[187] Vlastos, G. “Cornford’s Principium Sapientiae,” in Furley/Allen [148] 42–55 = Vlastos [160] 112–23, first publ. in Gnomon 27 (1955) 65–76.
[188] Whörle, G. Anaximenes aus Milet. Die Fragmente zu seiner Lehre (Stuttgart, 1983).
(B) Xenophanes
For text, translation and commentary see
[189] Lesher, J. Xenophanes of Colophon. Fragments: a Text and Translation with a Commentary (Toronto/Buffalo/London, 1992).
For the complexities of the doxography see Mansfeld [32].
Studies:
[190] Fränkel, H. “Xenophanes’ empiricism and his critique of knowledge (B34)” in Mourelatos [155] 118–31, repr. in Fränkel [147], first publ. in Hermes 60 (1925) 174–92.
to which there is a good reply by
[191] Heitsch, E. “Das Wissen des Xenophanes,” RM 109 (1966) 193–235.
[192] Jaeger, W. “Xenophanes’ doctrine of God,” in Jaeger [481] (1947) 38–54.
[193] Lesher, J. H. “Xenophanes’ scepticism,” Phronesis 23 (1978) 1–21.
[194] Steinmetz, P. “Xenophanesstudien,” RM 109 (1966) 13–73.
[195] Tulin, A. “Xenophanes fr. 18 D.-K. and the origins of the idea of progress,” Hermes 121 (1993) 129–38.
(C) Pythagoras, Philolaus and the Pythagorean Tradition
Texts, translation, and commentary
[196] Barker, A. Greek Musical Writings II: Harmonic and Acoustic Theory (Cambridge, 1989).
[197] Dillon, J. and J. P. Hershbell. Iamblichus: On the Pythagorean Way of Life. Text Translation, and Notes (Atlanta, 1991).
[198] Huffman, C. A. Philolaus of Croton. Pythagorean and Presocratic. A Commentary on the Fragments and Testimonia with Interpretive Essays (Cambridge, 1993).
[199] Thesleff, H. Pythagorean Texts of the Hellenistic Period (Åbo, 1965).
Bibliography
[200] Navia, L. E. Pythagoras: An Annotated Bibliography (New York, 1990).
The classic study of the Pythagorean tradition is
[201] Burkert, W. Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism (Cambridge, Mass., 1972), trans. E. L. Minar of Weisheit und Wissenschaft. Studien zu Pythagoras, Philolaos, Platon (Nürnberg, 1962).
There is a monograph-length discussion in Guthrie [15]. For fresh and vigorously argued ideas about early Pythagoreans, see Kingsley [105]. Problems in assessing the evidence are well discussed by
[202] Thesleff, H. An Introduction to the Pythagorean Writings of the Hellenistic Period (Åbo, 1961).
Other studies include
[203] Bluck, R. S. “Plato, Pindar and metempsychosis,” AJP 79 (1958) 405–14.
[204] Bluck, R. S. “Reincarnation in the Phaedrus,” AJP 79 (1958) 156–64.
[205] Burkert, W. “Platon oder Pythagoras? Zum Ursprung des Wortes ‘Philosophia,’” Hermes 88 (1960) 159–77.
[206] Burkert, W. “Zur geistesgeschichtlichen Einordnung einiger Pseudopythagorica,” Fondation Hardt Entretiens XVIII Pseudepigraphica I (1972) 25–55.
[207] Burkert, W. “Craft versus sect: the problem of Orphics and Pythagoreans,” in B. F. Meyer and E. P. Sanders, eds. Jewish and Christian Self-definition. Volume Three: Self-Definition in the Graeco-Roman World (London, 1982) 1–22.
[208] Cornford, F. M. “Mysticism and science in the Pythagorean tradition,” in Mourelatos [155] 135–60, first publ. in CQ 16 (1922) 137–50 and 17 (1923) 1–12.
[209] Delatte, A. Études sur la littérature Pythagoricienne (Paris, 1915).
[210] Festugière, A.-J. “Les mémoires pythagoriques cités par Alexandre Polyhistor,” REG 58 (1945) 1–65.
[211] von Fritz, K. Pythagorean Politics in Southern Italy: An Analysis of the Sources (New York, 1940).
[212] von Fritz, K. “The discovery of incommensurability by Hippasus of Metapontum,” in Furley/Allen [148] 382–412, first publ. in Annals of Mathematics 46 (1945) 242–64.
[213] von Fritz, K. “’ in Pindar’s second Olympian and Pythagoras’ theory of metempsychosis,” Phronesis 2 (1957) 85–95.
[214] Heidel, W. A. “The Pythagoreans and Greek mathematics,” in Furley/Allen [148] 350–81, first publ. in AJP 61 (1940) 1–33.
[215] Huffman, C. A. “The role of number in Philolaus’ philosophy,” Phronesis 33 (1982) 1–30.
[216] Huffman, C. A. “The authenticity of Archytas Fr. 1,” CQ 35 (1985) 344–48.
[217] Kahn, C. H. “Pythagorean philosophy before Plato,” in Mourelatos [155] (1974) 161–85.
[218] Kahn, C. H. Pitagora e i pitagorici. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana (Rome, 1993).
[219] Lloyd, G. E. R. “Plato and Archytas in the seventh letter,” Phronesis 35.2 (1990) 159–74.
[220] Long, H. S. A Study of the Doctrine of Metempsychosis in Greece from Pythagoras to Plato (Princeton, 1948).
[221] Minar, E. Early Pythagorean Politics (Baltimore, 1942).
[222] Morrison, J. S. “Pythagoras of Samos,” CQ 6 (1956) 135–56.
[223] Nussbaum, M. C. “Eleatic conventionalism and Philolaos on the conditions of thought,” HSCP 83 (1979) 63–108.
[224] O’Meara, D. J. Pythagoras Revived, Mathematics
and Philosophy in Late Antiquity (Oxford, 1989).
[225] Philip, J. A. Pythagoras and Early Pythagoreanism (Toronto, 1966).
[226] Raven, J. E. Pythagoreans and Eleatics (Cambridge, 1948; repr. Amsterdam, 1966).
[227] Schrenk, L. P. “World as structure: the ontology of Philolaus of Croton,” Apeiron 27 (1994) 171–90.
[228] Sedley, D. N. “The dramatis personae of Plato’s Phaedo,” Philosophical Dialogues: Plato, Hume, Wittgenstein, Proceedings of the British Academy, 85 (London, 1995) 3–26.
[229] Vlastos, G. “Raven’s ‘PythagoreansandEleatics,’” in Furley/Allen [149] 166–76 = Vlastos [160] 180–88, first publ. in Gnomon 25 (1953) 29–35.
[230] van der Waerden, B. L. Die Pythagoreer: Religiöse Brüderschaft und Schule der Wissenschaft (Zürich/Munich, 1979).
[231] Zhmud, L. J. Wissenschaft, Philosophie und Religion im frühen Pythagoreismus (Berlin, 1997).
(D) Heraclitus
Text, translation and commentary:
[232] Kahn, C. H. The Art and Thought of Heraclitus. An Edition of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary (Cambridge, 1979).
[233] Kirk, G. S. Heraclitus: The Cosmic Fragments, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1962).
[234] Marcovich, M. Heraclitus. Greek text with a Short Commentary (Merida, Venezuela, 1967).
[235] Mondolfo, R. and L. Tarán. Eraclito – testimonianze e imitazione (Florence, 1972).
[236] Robinson, T. M. Heraclitus, Fragments: A Text and Translation with a Commentary (Toronto/Buffalo/New York, 1987).
Of the chapters in standard books see especially Guthrie [15] and Hussey [13].
The following selection of studies includes a number of classic works of the nineteenth century:
[237] Bernays, J. Heraclitea [first publ. 1848], repr. in his Gesammelte Abhandlungen, ed. H. Usener (Berlin, 1885) 1–106.
[238] Conche, M. Heraclite, Fragments, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1987).
[239] Dilcher, R. Studies in Heraclitus (Hildesheim/Zürich/New York, 1995).
[240] Emlyn-Jones, C. J. “Heraclitus and the identity of opposites,” Phronesis 21 (1976) 89–114.
[241] Fränkel, H. “A thought pattern in Heraclitus,” in Mourelatos [155] 214–28, first publ. more fully in AJP 59 (1938), 309–37.
[242] Graham, D. W. “Heraclitus’ criticism of Ionian philosophy,” OSAP 15 (1997) 1–50.