Facing the Rising Sun
Page 31
Stimson, Henry, 50–51
St. Louis, Missouri, 8, 12, 20, 55, 98–99, 107–11; Original Independent Benevolent Afro-Pacific Movement of the World in, 62; PMEW in, 58, 59. See also East St. Louis, Illinois
Stoner, J. B., 151–52
St. Petersburg, Russia, 30–31
Strong, George V., 128–29
Sugita Teiichi, 45–46
Takahashi (consul), 58, 65, 81, 110
Takeda (doctor), 63, 64
Takis, Ashima, 58, 97, 98, 109–11, 113; Erwin knowing, 115; Spanish taught by, 108
Taylor, Bayard, 25–26
TDOO. See The Development of Our Own
Temple of Islam, 83, 100, 102–3
Texas, 32–33, 34, 37, 122, 137–38
Thomas, Norman, 160–61
Thornhill, James, 13, 21, 79–80, 96–97
369th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, 128–29
Tillman, Ben, 35–36
Tokyo, Japan, 13, 15, 16, 41–56, 154, 207n15; agents, 86, 98, 177n100; alienation used by, 99; alliances united by, 60, 88, 95, 121, 150; ANP struck by, 151; apartheid influenced by, 119–20; atomic bombing influencing, 150–51; Berlin influencing, 93; bombing of, 59, 103; Briggs-Bey leaving for, 97; China assaulted by, 25; Deep South’s nervousness about, 35–36; Euro-Americans spying for, 87; Filipinos as agents of, 27–28, 36, 132, 193n5; Fraser on, 182n53; Gordon funded by, 78–79, 101, 106; gospel group received by, 39; Immigration Act protested by, 164; Islamic onslaught engineered by, 82, 83–84; Japanese meeting in, 36; Jim Crow influencing, 90; London seeing, 182n41; lynching outrage in, 39–40, 99–100, 189n24; Malcolm X continuing relationship of, 150–51; Mexico City signing treaty with, 182n53; middle class as susceptible to, 33–34; militancy of, 30; Moscow clashing with, 72, 149; movement against, 31–32; Pickens defending, 72; propaganda appeals of, 130–31, 133, 137, 141, 143; race war proclaimed by, 159; racial equality disappointment of, 38–39, 74, 90, 195n45, 202n6; racism used by, 46, 88–90, 93, 133, 135, 137, 150–51, 158–59, 203n10; revolt aiding, 107–11; San Francisco influenced by, 88; segregation exploited by, 129; segregationists’ sympathy for, 21; soldiers landed by, 34–35, 112; Takahashi transmitting for, 110; Thomas, J., on, 174n83; Washington, D.C.’s, relations with, 23, 26–27, 128, 211n89, 212n94; white supremacy battered by, 22–23, 31, 72, 119
Tokyo Rose, 133, 203n15
Toshiko Akiyoshi, 162, 210n76
Travis, Dempsey, 2, 103
Truman, Harry, 156–57
Turkey, 40, 48
Tuskegee, Alabama, 118, 137, 138–39, 143
Tuskegee Airmen, 138–39, 141
Umeshiro Suzuki, 43–44
UN. See United Nations
UNIA. See Universal Negro Improvement Association
United Nations (UN), 22, 150, 157–58
Universal Holy Temple of Tranquility, 70–71
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), 13, 15, 19, 56, 84, 86; Advance Division, 20; formation of, 40; motto of, 58; overview of, 41–48; PMEW influenced by, 58–59, 110
University of Tokyo, 65, 70
U.S. v. Pacific Movement of the Eastern World, 7, 57–66
Versailles peace conference, 15, 38, 45, 74, 90
Virginia, 21, 106, 122, 127, 132–33
Wade, Charles W., 106–7
Washington, 57, 88, 207n21. See also Seattle, Washington
Washington, Booker T., 3–4, 30, 34, 38, 40
Washington, D.C., 6–7, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22; Berlin outflanking, 178n121; China’s entente with, 94, 211n89, 212n94; colored races as above, 108; darker races at odds with, 135; Dixiecrats dispatched by, 27–28; hysteria gripping, 119; International Military Criminal Tribunal for the Far East influenced by, 154; internment influencing, 112; Japanese in, 34, 37, 176n97; Jim Crow moved away from by, 150; journalists embarrassing, 133–36; military policies installed by, 130–31; national security influenced by, 37–39; Pacific War attention of, 120–22, 150; Philippines collaborating against, 155–56, 157; race war warning to, 45; racial equality as seen by, 38; South Africa used by, 171n35; Soviet Union owed by, 149; suicide pact in, 99; Takis confirming fears of, 110; Tokyo’s relations with, 23, 26–27, 56, 128, 211n89, 212n94; war influencing, 32; white supremacy maintained by, 131, 144–46, 178n121
Waters, Enoch, 133–34
Watkins, Thomas Albert, 60, 116
Watson, George, 132–33
West Africa, 74–75
West Coast (US), 9, 12, 17, 33, 153–54, 174n83; anti-Asian bias in, 39; concentration camps, 14; hysteria, 127; race haters influencing, 122
Western Europe, 142–43
West Indians, 15, 83–84, 86
Weston, Randy, 2–3
Wheaton, Louis, 158–59
White, Walter, 1–2, 15, 89–90, 122, 130, 157–58; on Australia, 134–35; on integration, 159; in Philippines, 132
White Peril, 14, 35, 54
“Why I Fight Racism” (Baker), 161–62
Wiley, Bell, 128–29
Wilkins, Roy, 158, 201n39
Williams, Finis, 113–14
Williams, John Sharp, 37–38
World War I (WWI), 2, 15, 18, 37–39, 47–48, 91
World War II (WWII), 1–3, 5–10, 38, 103, 172n54; racial violence during, 198n60; Tokyo in prelude to, 48. See also Pacific War
Wright, Richard, 14, 89, 174n77
WWI. See World War I
WWII. See World War II
Yasuichi Hikida, 1–2, 11
Yellow Peril, 14, 16, 35, 55, 93; Fu Manchu as character of, 12, 173n60; overview of, 119–22
Yicklung, W., 63, 64–65
Yokohama, Japan, 42, 154–55
About the Author
Gerald Horne is Moores Professor of History and African American Studies at the University of Houston and has published three dozen books, including The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America and Race War! White Supremacy and the Japanese Attack on the British Empire.