First of Men
Page 94
background of, 107–8
selected general officer, 116
at White Plains, 173–74
on GW, 177–78, 260–61
capture and confinement, 179, 234
in Battle of Monmouth, 245–48
arrest and trial, 250, 254
GW on 252–53
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 142
Lee, George, 16
Lee, Henry (Light Horse Harry), 16, 274–75, 286, 325, 353, 408, 442, 450, 452, 494, 497
Lee, Mary Anne Randolph Custis, 511
Lee, Richard Bland, 397
Lee, Richard Henry, 93, 96, 110, 323, 339
Lee, Robert E., 511
Lee, Thomas, 110
L’Enfant, Pierre Charles, 401–2, 422
Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer. See John Dickinson
Lewis, Eleanor Custis (Daughter of Eleanor and John Parke Custis), 344, 384, 389, 492–93, 502–4, 509–11
Lewis, Fielding, 71
Lewis, Frances Parke, 504, 512
Lewis, George, 491
Lewis, Lawrence, 489, 492–93, 502–3, 509–11
Lewis, Robert, 377
Lexington, Mass., no, 384
Lincoln, Abraham, 259, 469
Lincoln, Benjamin, 278, 286, 339, 345, 351, 378, 407, 409
Liston, Henrietta, 442
Liston, Robert, 442, 482
Little Hunting Creek, 2, 4
Little Turtle, 406
Livingston, Robert, 371, 382
Logstown, Pa., 20
Long Island, N.Y., 150–51, 153, 164, 165, 167, 173, 196, 203, 249, 261, 382
Loudoun, Earl of (John Campbell), 48–49, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 114
Loudoun County, Va., 504
Louis XIV, 424, 430
Loyal Hannon, Pa., 56–57
Loyalists (Tories), 149, 150, 159, 165, 180, 197, 203, 207, 224, 225, 236, 244, 269, 271, 279, 283, 287, 292, 304, 343, 349, 352, 358, 371
Lynch, Thomas, 133, 134
Lynn, Mass., 384
McDonald, Forrest, 357
McDougall, Alexander, 256
McHenry, James, 461, 495, 497, 499–500, 502
McGillivray, Alexander, 409–10
Mackay, James, 27, 30
Maclay, William, 405, 462
Madison, James, 339, 353, 355, 358–60, 376, 382, 391, 394–95, 412, 421, 436–37, 457, 466, 475, 483
opposes Hamilton, 387–88, 391, 412–18
Magaw, Robert, 175
Manhattan Island, N.Y., 150–51, 153, 160, 165, 168, 172, 174, 176, 195, 203, 261, 267, 369, 383
Marblehead, Mass., 135, 184, 383
Marion, Francis, 293
Marshall, John, 496
Martin, Joseph Plumb, 276, 301, 304
Mason, George, 75, 92, 93, 102, 108, 331, 339, 364, 367, 397, 423
Massachusetts Government Act. See Coercive Acts
Mawhood, Charles, 191
Mayo, Bernard, 264
Mercer, George, 43, 56, 60, 69, 109
Mercer, Hugh, 190–92
Miami Indians, 404, 406, 451
Mifflin, Thomas, 106, 121, 128, 177, 181, 187, 226–28, 237, 254, 256, 321, 356, 448–49, 452
Militia Act of 1792, 449–50
Miller, John C., 387
Mississippi Company, 70
Mississippi River, 70, 349–50, 367, 409, 434, 454, 463
Monmouth Court House, Battle of, 244–49, 253, 264–66, 268, 367
Monongahela River, 20, 25, 37, 38, 72, 114, 337, 452
Monroe, James, 339, 464–65, 495
Montgomery, Richard, 114, 117, 129–30, 140, 142, 145, 201, 250
Montreal, Canada, 130
Morgan, Daniel, 202, 291, 293
Morgan, Edmund S., 360
Morgan, Dr. John, 151
Morgantown, W. Va., 337
Morris, Mary White (Mrs. Robert Morris), 355, 365, 442
Morris, Robert, 228, 309, 353, 355, 360–61, 365, 392–93, 396, 401, 437, 442, 491, 500
Morriss, Gouverneur, 309, 314, 353, 396, 415, 428–29, 464
Morristown, N.J., 194–95, 217, 275–76, 283, 443
Moundsville, W. Va., 489
Mount Vernon, 4, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 30, 31, 39, 47, 50, 51–52, 57, 72, 74, 80, 95, 110, 121, 255, 259, 297–98, 306, 316–17, 355, 360, 365–66, 368–69, 373, 377, 392–93, 398, 400–1, 418–19, 421–23, 428, 440, 444, 453, 458, 470, 473, 477–78, 485, 493–94, 501–2, 504
as Epsewasson, 4–5, 7
description of in 1759, 63–64
poor tobacco estate, 64–67
industrial operations at, 67
overseen by Lund Washington, 238–40, 295–96
GW hires managers for, 238, 329, 245, 421–22, 441, 487
in Revolutionary War years, 239, 295–96
remodeling, 323–29
inventory of in 1787, 365
GW wishes to lease, 441–42, 479, 489
repairs on in 1790s, 487–88
in GW’s will, 503
deterioration of, 509–10
Mount Vernon Ladies Association of the Union, 512
Moylan, Stephen, 128
Murray, William Vans, 501
Murrin, John, 413
Muse, George, 30, 73
National Gazette, 415
Nelson, Thomas, 377
Newark, N.J., 178
New Bern, N.C., 399
New Brunswick, N.J., 178, 180, 193–94, 195, 196, 202, 207, 369
Newburgh Conspiracy, 309–12, 359, 379, 417
Newburyport, Mass., 384
New Haven, Conn., 123, 130, 131
New Jersey Plan, 364
Newport, R.I., 275, 280–81, 291, 294
naval encounter at, 268–69, 298
New River, 72
New York City, 44, 80, 86, 195, 197, 243, 294–95, 306, 369–72, 375, 390–92, 401, 410, 457
campaign for, 152–72
New York Gazette, 292
Nootka Sound Crisis, 415
North, Lord, 85, 86, 94, 129, 132, 193, 237, 243, 307
Northern Neck, Va., 1, 4, 418
Nottingham, N.J., 391
O’Hara, Charles, 304
Ohio Company, 17, 35, 69
Olive Branch Petition, 111
Ordinance of 1785, 402
Oriskany, N.Y., 315
Osgood, Samuel, 381
Paine, Thomas, 142, 155–58, 438–39, 464, 469, 482
Palladio, Andrea, 422
Pamunkey River, 51, 67, 91
Paoli, Penn., 213, 254
Parkinson, Richard, 488–89
Passaic River, 176, 178
Paulus Hook, N.J., 274
Peale, Charles Willson, 79, 82, 83, 102, 156, 158, 260, 305, 325, 360–61, 363, 440, 445
Peale, Rembrandt, 361
Pearce, William, 441, 453, 487
Peekskill, N.Y., 200, 214, 292
Pendleton, Edmund, 102–3, 112, 115
Penn, John, 355
Penn, Richard, 106
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, 474
Pensacola, Fla., 296, 335
Peters, Richard, 228
Petersburg, Va., 399
Philadelphia, 42–43, 48–49, 86, 91, 95, 98, 103–5, 138, 170, 177, 197, 198, 200, 205, 206–7, 227, 249, 266–67, 306–8, 321, 348, 351, 369, 374, 391, 393, 398, 402, 411, 421, 429, 432, 441, 447, 452, 458, 479, 484, 489, 495, 499–500, 511–13
campaign for, 206–17
British occupation of, 220, 224, 242–44
Constitutional Convention at, 355–60
temporary national capital, 392
and yellow fever epidemic, 447
Philipse, Mary Eliza, 44, 45
Phoenix, 160, 170
Pickens, Andrew, 293
Pickering, Timothy, 454, 458, 460–61, 472, 497
Piercy, William, 107
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 408, 465, 472, 494–500
Pinckney, Thomas, 454, 462–63, 494
Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo), 462–63,
473
Pine, Robert, 340
Pitt, William, 52
Pitt, William (The Younger), 374, 435, 457
Pittsburgh, Pa., 72, 391, 447, 451
Pomeroy, Seth, 117, 124, 250
Pomfret, Conn., 384
Pope’s Creek, 2–4, 8
Portsmouth, Va., 291, 296
Potomac Canal Company, 333–35, 337, 347, 394, 398, 445–46, 458, 474, 490–91, 502
Potomac River, 4, 63, 67, 391–92, 396–98; see also Potomac Canal
Powel, Elizabeth Willing (Mrs. Samuel Powel), 442–44, 447, 482, 485–86, 490, 495, 500, 509, 511
Powel, Samuel, 442, 447, 482
Princeton, Battle of, 260, 264–65
Princeton, N.J., 180, 187, 315
Princeton College (College of New Jersey), 461, 493
Proclamation of Neutrality, 431
Proclamation of 1763, 70–71, 90
Providence, R.I., 151
Pulaski, Casimir, 231
Putnam, Israel, 116, 124, 146, 148, 153, 164–65, 168, 171, 187, 199, 214, 250, 265, 272, 384
Quasi-War, The, 495–501
Quebec, 129, 140, 143, 201, 237
Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg), 93, 94, 98
Rall, Johann, 183–86
Randolph, Edmund, 353, 358–59, 364, 381, 384, 396, 437, 449–50, 452–62, 464
Rappahannock River, 4
Raritan River, 178, 180, 202
Rawlins, Albin, 493, 509
Raystown (Bedford), Pa., 54, 55, 56, 214
Red Stone Creek, 25, 27
Reed, Esther, 138
Reed, John, 106, 117, 132, 133, 136, 141, 143–46, 149, 153–54, 163, 167, 169, 171, 176–78, 182, 188, 190, 217, 225–26, 233, 234, 254–56, 261–62, 274–75, 277, 281, 443
Repentigny, Louis Le Gardeur de, 22
Residence Act, 394, 396–98
Richmond, Va., 290, 367
Risjord, Norman, 420
Robinson, Beverley, 44, 45, 284
Robinson, John, 42, 47, 49, 55
Rochambeau, Comte de, 280–82, 290–91, 293–94, 308, 319, 382
in York-town campaign, 297–304
Rockingham, Marquis, 307–8
Rodrique Hortalez Company, 433
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 259
Ross, John, 355
Royster, Charles, 319
Rules of Civility and Decent Behavior, 6
Rumney, Dr. William, 81
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 227–28, 266, 395
Rutledge, Edward, 126
Rutledge, John, 381
St. Clair, Arthur, 205, 304, 404, 406–7, 451, 474
St. John’s College, 493
St. Leger, Barry, 208
St. Lucia, 243, 267, 269
Salem, Mass., 135, 384
Salem, N.C., 400
Salisbury, N.C., 400
Sandy Creek, 72
Saratoga, Battle of, 214, 218, 283
Savage, Edward, 385, 426–27, 445
Savannah, Ga., 277, 280, 307, 381, 400–1
Battle of, 231, 267, 269
Schuyler, Philip, 114, 115–16, 121, 122–23, 129–30, 155, 180, 199, 208, 225–26, 238, 250, 256, 263, 265, 379
Schuylkill River, 212, 218, 226, 231, 245, 355
Scioto River, 95, 391
Scott, Charles, 253
Sergeant, Jonathan Dickinson, 227
Sharpe, Horatio, 30, 32, 43, 44
Shaw, William, 345
Shays’Rebellion, 350–52, 359, 447, 449
Shelburne, Earl of, 308
Shenandoah Valley, Va., 12–13, 104
Shepherdstown, Va. (W. Va.), 394
Shippen, Dr. William, 103, 105
Shirley, William, 42–43, 44, 45, 47, 59, 115, 148, 165, 418
Simpson, Gilbert, 335–36
Six Nations Tribes. See Iroquois Indians
Slaves and Slavery. See GW
Smallwood, William, 213
Society of the Cincinnati, 347–48, 360, 379, 400
Sons of Liberty, 434
Spencer, Joseph, 117, 199, 233, 250
Spotswood, Alexander, 494
Springfield, Mass., 200
Stamp Act, 90–91
Stark, John, 208
Staten Island, N.Y., 163, 208, 233, 244, 270, 280
Stephen, Adam, 25, 41, 42, 211, 216, 234, 253
Steuben, Baron von (Frederick Steube), 232–33, 248, 407
Stirling, Lord (William Alexander), 165–67, 168, 170, 178, 203, 210–11, 225–27, 245
Stoney Point, N.Y., 272–74
Stuart, David, 344, 494, 503, 511
Stuart, Gilbert, 84–85, 143, 445–46
Sugar Act, 90
Sullivan, John, 117, 168, 170, 186, 202, 207–8, 215–16, 231, 233–34, 250, 253, 261, 268, 318–19, 353, 384, 416
Canadian campaign of, 160–61
in New York campaign, 164–67
at Battle of Brandywine, 209–11
leads expedition into Indian country, 271–72, 405
Sumter, Thomas, 293
Tariff of 1792, 412
Tea Act, 85, 106
Tennessee River, 410
Ternay, Chevalier de, 280, 282, 291
The Young Man’s Companion, 11
Thomas, John, 117, 124, 146, 201, 250
Thomson, Charles, 369
Tilghman, Tench, 305, 325
Tilly, Gardeur de, 291
Townshend Duties, 91–92, 94, 95
Treaty of Greenville, 451
Treaty of Holston, 410
Treaty of Hopewell, 408
Treaty of New York, 410
Treaty of Paris, 1763, 89
Treaty of Paris, 1783, 312–13, 402, 483
Treaty of San Lorenzo. See Pinckney Treaty
Trenton, N.J., 180, 181, 235, 360, 368–69
Battle of, 182–86, 234, 260, 264–65
Trumbull, John, 390
Trumbull, Joseph, 128, 182
Truro Parish, 75
Tryon, William, 122, 201
Uniform Militia Act of 1792, 474
University of Pennsylvania (College of Pennsylvania), 493
Valley Forge, 220, 249, 258, 267, 274, 276, 283, 288, 360, 368
winter of 1777–1778 at, 221–22, 234–36, 241–43
Varick, Richard, 579
Venango, Pa., 22, 23
Vernon, Edward, 7
Verplanck’s Point, N.Y., 272–74, 308
“Virginia Centinel,” The, 47, 176
Virginia Convention, 99–101
Virginia Gazette, 47, 92
Virginia Plan, 359–60, 381
Virginia Ratification Convention, 366–67
Virginia Regiment, 126, 250, 368, 398
campaigns of 24–31, 40–58; see also GW
Ward, Artemas, 112, 113, 116, 121, 128, 132, 141, 149, 151, 161, 250, 264–65
Warren, Mercy Otis, 258
Washington, Anne Fairfax (wife of Lawrence Washington), 8, 14, 16, 30–31
Washington, Anne Pope (great-grandmother of GW), 2
Washington, Augustine (half brother of GW), 7, 8, 16
Washington, Augustine (father of GW), 2–3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 342, 504
Washington, Betty (sister of GW), 4, 71, 343–44, 377, 399, 491
Washington, Bushrod (nephew of GW), 336, 378, 503, 510–12
Washington, Charles (brother of GW), 5, 73, 336, 343–44, 504
Washington, Frances Bassett (Fanny) (niece of GW), 344–45, 422, 445
Washington, George,
—biographical: birth, 1
boyhood, 5
education, 5–6
inheritance, 8, 16
youth at Ferry Farm, 8–12
work as surveyor, 12–16
Governor’s emissary to the French, 18–23
takes command of Virginia Regiment, 24–29
serves under Braddock, 33–39
resumes command of Virginia Regiment, 41–58
marriage, 61–62
planter and businessman, 1759–1775, 61–85, 87
> during anti-British protest, 91–110
selected commander in chief in Revolutionary War, 112–14
siege of Boston, 123–29, 131–49
New York campaign, 153–72
Battle of White Plains, 173–74
flight across New Jersey, 176–80
encounters at Trenton and Princeton, 181–94
struggle for Philadelphia, 206–17
at Valley Forge, 221–22, 234–36, 241–42
Battle of Monmouth, 244–49
plans Indian campaign, 271–72
takes Hudson forts, 272–74
Arnold’s treason, 283–87
mutinous army, 287–89
Yorktown campaign, 296–304
faced with Newburgh Conspiracy, 309–12
“Circular Letter,” 315
leaves army, 320–21
first retirement at Mount Vernon, 323–46
attends Constitutional
Convention, 355–62
in ratification struggle, 365–67
assumes presidency, 368–72
tours country, 382–84, 399–401
backs Hamilton’s programs, 385–88, 390–92, 395–96
selects and plans Federal City, 394, 396–98
seeks to open West to white settlement, 402–11
“neutral” in party warfare, 412–18
reelected in 1792, 423–24
proclaims neutrality in Europe’s warfare, 429–31
suppresses Whiskey Rebellion, 447–52
Jay Treaty imbroglio, 454–61
secures Pinckney Treaty, 463
Farewell Address, 466–70, 483
enters retirement, 486
in Quasi-War Crisis, 495–502
final illness and death, 505–7
—businessman: purchases western lands, 335–37, 489–90
land speculator, 55, 69, 99, 239, 489–90
industry at Mount Vernon, 67, 69, 239
fishing enterprise, 67, 69, 95
employs indentured servants, 69, 109, 239
seeks wartime bounty lands, 71–73, 98
interest in Great Dismal Swamp, 71, 91, 332–33
attempts to settle western lands, 95–96
Potomac Canal venture, 95, 333–35, 337, 347, 394, 397–98, 490–91
financial woes, 238–40, 331–32, 389, 441, 556
attends western properties, 335–37, 489–90
invests in securities, 357, 490
value and contents of estate in 1799, 509–10
—Commander of Continental Army: apointed 112–14
organizes army, 121–28
believes in civilian control, 123, 134–35
living quarters, 123, 152, 182, 194, 221–22, 275, 313, 315–16
disciplinarian, 126–27
on black soldiers, 126
seeks reorganization of army, 126–37, 198–99, 232–33, 287, 316
combats disease in army, 138–39
attitude toward soldiers, 138, 171, 199
aggressive bent, 143–44, 171, 181–82, 184, 187, 195, 210, 260–61, 264, 270