Hero
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Hamra:
arrival in, 31–32
departure from, 42
Hardinge, Lord Charles, 272
Hardy, Mrs. Thomas, 679
Hardy, Thomas, 589, 590, 594, 597, 608, 617, 618, 626
Harmsworth, Hon. Esmond, 673
Hashemite family:
contest for power, 506
Lawrence’s ambitions for, 80, 524
presence in Iraq and Jordan, 511, 517
Hassan Chowish, 342
Hassan Shah, 327
Hedley, Walter Coote, 233, 251, 252
Hejaz Operations StaÃ, 374, 375
Hejaz region:
Christians murdered in, 16–17
desert blindness in, 312–13
desert of, 23–24
holiest Islam cities in, 10
hostility toward Europeans in, 21, 24
Hussein’s position in, 88, 299
as independent Arab state, 292
journeys to interior of, 18–21, 49
military strategy in, 83, 379–80
motor vehicles used in, 357–58, 359–60, 377, 396, 626
railway in, 21, 24, 308
supply route across, 12
wells in, 21, 25, 43, 60, 71, 86, 92, 95
Hemingway, Ernest, 73, 672
A Farewell to Arms, 319, 353
Henry II, king of England, 405
Herbert, Aubrey:
and Arab Bureau, 284
and Intelligence Department, Cairo, 252, 253, 255
at Kut Al-Amara, 5, 288–90
peace negotiations with Turks, 398
Herodotus, 594
Hewlett, Maurice, 205, 206, 218
Higham, David, 665
Hindenberg, 646
Hippocleides, 594–95n
Hirtzel, Sir Arthur, 454–55, 485
Hitler, Adolf, 675
Hittites:
ancient city at Carchemish, 184–85, 193, 196, 199, 204, 210, 214, 216, 224, 240
facial features of, 196
Tell Ahmar mound, 197
HMS Agincourt, 248
HMS Du¤erin, 109, 292, 299
HMS Duke of Edinburgh, 223
HMS Erin, 248
HMS Euryalus, 44
HMS Fox, 292
HMS Gloucester, 457
HMS Hampshire, 291
HMS Hardinge, 301, 302
HMS Humber, 311, 326
HMS Orion, 463–64, 464
HMS Suva, 43–44, 59
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 572, 575, 602, 639, 640
Ho Chi Minh, 29, 686
Hodgson, W. G., 414
Hogarth, David G., 181–83, 322, 506
and Arab Bulletin, 283
and Arab Bureau, 252, 273, 274, 284
and Arab Revolt, 292
and Ashmolean Museum, 141, 155, 182, 222
in Beirut, 189–90
and Carchemish site, 185–86, 191, 193, 195, 208, 209–10, 215, 222, 239, 240
death of, 626, 662
and Lawrence’s interest in archaeology, 141, 166, 183, 190, 201, 224
and Lawrence’s mental anguish, 376–78, 400, 590, 591
and Lawrence’s travels, 188–89, 335
as mentor to Lawrence, 7, 155–56, 166, 177, 182, 183, 190, 195, 204, 210, 234, 250, 251, 355, 377–78, 484–85, 489, 513, 608
and Palestine Exploration Fund, 234
portrait of, 675
and Seven Pillars, 496, 497, 593, 598
and Thomas’s film, 387
Holocaust, 400, 468, 531
Holroyd, Sir Michael, 397, 570, 596
House, Edward, 454n, 492
Howard, G. Wren, 567
Howard, Leslie, 668, 691
Howeitat tribe:
Auda Abu Tayi as leader of, 68–69, 81, 87, 99, 301, 330
Bell’s information on, 242
at Guweira, 312
hostility toward Europeans by, 403
military actions of, 99, 100, 311, 318
on the move, 88–89, 90
Hughes, Howard, 637
Humphreys, Sir Francis, 634, 635
Hurley, W. M. M., 629
Hussein, Saddam, 532
Hussein ibn Ali-el-Aun, sharif, 304
and British funding, 285
British negotiations with, 82, 525–27, 528
and British promises, 14, 266, 399–400, 401, 452, 454, 455
British support requested (and then refused) by, 27, 60
claim relinquished to Palestine, 511
and groundwork for Arab Revolt, 9, 10, 85, 259–61
as king of the Hejaz, 299–300, 306, 366, 405, 432, 449, 452, 524, 525
kingship sought by, 40, 41, 42n, 91, 277, 299, 430
McMahon’s correspondence with, 267–70, 272, 281, 399, 452, 453, 525
and military strategy, 284, 298, 299
and outbreak of Arab Revolt, 291–92, 293
and Paris Peace Conference, 452, 457
rivalries of, 34, 40, 55, 88, 267, 269, 272, 299, 404–5, 453, 483–84, 505, 515, 524, 525, 526
Saudi defeat of, 483–84
as sharif of Mecca, 11, 19, 70, 88, 404
sons of, 10, 15, 16, 18, 22, 32, 33, 40, 62, 70, 259, 298, 455, 483, 528
supporters of, 85, 88, 483, 506
and Syria, 40, 414
wives of, 22
Hutchinsons, publisher, 525
Hyde, H. Montgomery, 590n
ibn Saud:
as emir of Rashids, 88
full name of, 34n
kingship of, 277n, 279
and oil, 531
rivalry between Hussein’s family and, 34, 40, 55, 88, 267, 269, 272, 299, 453, 483–84, 505, 515, 524, 525, 526, 625
supporters of, 88, 267, 272, 405n, 453, 483, 484, 506
Imperial Camel Brigade, 381, 395–96, 402, 403, 404, 408, 598
Imperial Ottoman Museum, Constantinople, 185
Imperial War Museum, 449
India:
ambitions in Middle East, 256–57, 261, 286
Arab Revolt opposed in, 272
as British colonial possession, 13, 48, 256, 259, 277n, 278, 630, 686
dirigible test flight to, 647
the “great game” in, 631–32
ibn Saud supported by, 88, 267, 272, 453, 483, 506
involvement in Arab Revolt, 11, 88
Lawrence’s RAF period in, 618, 620–22, 623–24, 630, 634–35
Muslim populations in, 11, 256
Russian threats toward, 13
safe air route to, 510
“Indiana Jones,” 203n
Indian army, Lawrence’s dislike of, 426–27, 428, 455
Indian Army Expeditionary Force, 257
Inman, H. T., 144
Iraq:
borders of, 517
British ambitions in, 267, 507
British troops in, 506, 507, 514
creation of, 697, 698
diverse populations in, 517
Feisal as first king of, 277n, 405, 449, 455, 515, 516–18, 519, 523–24
flag of, 272, 517
Hashemite presence in, 511
Lawrence’s recommendations for, 451, 455, 537, 625–26, 697
local unrest in, 509, 517
modern-day wars in, 30
oil in, 510, 531
RAF base in, 514–15
successors to, 532
Ireland:
Chapman family in, 119–24, 502
Easter Rising in, 654
nationalists in, 654–55
Protestant Ascendancy in, 119
Irish Academy of Letters, 119
Irish Free State, 576
Ismail Pasha, Khedive, 234, 343
Israel:
creation of, 39, 276, 399–400, 511, 686
and Holocaust, 400
and Jewish national home, 39, 520
see also Zionism
Jaafar Pasha:
and Arab army, 68, 70, 299, 306, 357, 366, 404–5
British decoration awarded to, 404
as Feisal’
s chief of staÃ, 299, 366
and Maan, 390, 394
at Tafileh, 368
Jackson, Stonewall (Thomas), 60
Jacobsen, J. P., 552
Jane, L. Cecil, 151, 155, 162, 163, 177
Jaussen, Père, 255
Jefer, 92, 95, 403
Jemadar Shah, 331
Jemal Pasha, see Ahmed Jemal Pasha
Jerablus:
archaeological sites of, 184, 191, 206, 215
licorice company in, 191
Jericho:
Allenby’s attack on, 375, 376
as military goal, 357, 359, 374
Jerusalem:
Allenby’s conquest of, 351–53, 356, 361
British control of, 460, 461
and Crusades, 275
holy city of, 10, 40, 270n, 307, 352
as military goal, 83, 89, 105, 112, 297, 307, 351
Thomas in, 354
Jesus College, Oxford University:
Lawrence’s entrance into, 151–52, 153
Lawrence’s work at, 28, 162–65, 176–77, 178, 186, 202, 217
Lawrence’s years at, 155–56, 173–74, 182, 185–86
Jewish Chronicle, 463
Jidda:
British consulate in, 10
journey to, 8, 9–13, 293
Lawrence and Storrs in, 14–17, 615
Wilson in, 11, 14, 49, 51, 60, 300
John, Augustus, 397, 504, 508, 540, 671, 675, 679
John Bull, 643
Johns, W. E., 544–47
Jonathan Cape, publishing house:
and Doughty’s book, 557
and Garnett, 555, 565, 567
handsome books produced by, 567
Lawrence’s translation work for, 594
and Revolt in the Desert, 614, 622n, 602–3
and Seven Pillars, 555, 565, 567, 571, 572–73, 574, 575, 602–3, 614
Jones, R. V., 630
Jordan:
Abdulla as first king of, 14, 16, 80, 277n, 405, 444, 511, 515, 518, 519, 520, 523, 524, 528–29
British control of, 477, 529, 697
creation of, 520–21, 537, 697, 698
flag of, 272
Hashemite Kingdom of, 511, 519
impoverishment of, 698
Joyce, James, Ulysses, 630
Joyce, Pierce Charles:
at Aqaba, 298, 357–58
and Hejaz Operations StaÃ, 374, 375
Lawrence’s plans supported by, 299, 357–58, 408
and military strategy, 381, 382, 390
and Weizmann-Feisal meeting, 399
Juheina tribe, 58
Junner, Elizabeth, 124, 125–26
Jurf el Derawish, railway line at, 364
Kafr Ammar, archaeological site at, 202–3
Karachi, RAF in, 621–22, 623–24
Karam Shah, 634
Kennington, Eric:
Lawrence’s friendship with, 508, 589, 590, 671
and Lawrence’s funeral, 679
Leicester Gallery display organized by, 621
memorial to Lawrence by, 683–84
and Seven Pillars, 511, 513, 522, 555, 598, 621
Kenyon, Sir Frederic, 234
Kerak, as military goal, 359
Kerensky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich, 305
Keynes, John Maynard, 200
Khalid (at Tafas), 423–24
Khalil Pasha, 5, 287, 288–90
Khartoum, Sudan, 11–12
King, H. C., 484
Kipling, Rudyard, 494
Barrack Room Ballads, 535
Kirkbride, British officer, 375
Kissinger, Henry A., 515
Kitchener, Herbert Horatio, 1st Earl Kitchener, 2
and Carchemish site, 240
death of, 291
military career of, 7, 12
and Palestine map survey, 63, 83, 232
and plans for Arab Revolt, 10, 40, 256, 260–61
protégés of, 251, 252, 271, 273, 285, 286
strategic plans of, 83, 210, 240, 270
and Turkish army at Kut, 5, 288
and World War I, 244–46, 245, 262, 264, 265–66, 274
Knightley, Phillip, 582n
Korda, Sir Alexander, 590n, 668–69, 690n, 691–92
Korda, Vincent, 668n, 669
Korda, Zoltan, 668, 692
Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich Freiherr, 285, 333
Kurdistan, 517
Kut al-Amara:
siege of, 5, 277, 287–90, 455
Townshend’s surrender at, 288, 289–90, 295
La Coupe d’Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider (Schneider Trophy), 642–43, 647, 648–50
Lake, Sir Percy, 289
Langner, Lawrence, 596
Laughton, Charles, 668, 694, 695
Laurie, Janet, 131, 159–61, 227, 490–91, 503–4, 529, 658
Law, Bonar, 447
Lawrence, Arnold W. (brother), 542, 553n, 693
archaeology career of, 666
birth and childhood of, 128, 133, 134
at Clouds Hill, 613
and parents ‘relationship, 117, 666
and religion, 133
and Seven Pillars, 618
and T.E.’s accident and death, 678, 680, 683
T.E.’s letters to, 217
as T.E.’s literary executor, 583, 683, 684
and T.E.’s sexual preferences, 159, 583, 584
Lawrence, D. H., 495, 555, 688
Lawrence, Frank (brother), 190, 226
childhood of, 127, 128, 133, 134
in Gloucester Regiment, 243
killed in war, 117, 264–65, 491, 503
and religion, 133
T.E.’s cycling trip with, 177
Lawrence, Montagu Robert (brother), 137, 160
birth and childhood of, 116–17, 126, 128, 131, 134
in medical profession, 228, 243
as missionary in China, 133, 612, 613, 618, 630, 666
at Oxford, 151, 219
and parents ‘relationship, 116–17, 666
T.E.’s letters to, 150, 217
Lawrence, Sarah (mother):
background of, 124–26, 144
as governess, 122–23
as missionary in China, 133, 612, 613, 618, 630, 666
and money matters, 503
personality of, 124, 129, 131, 142, 160, 303, 563–64
religious views of, 132–33, 138, 143, 228, 281, 389, 491, 538, 681
sons of, 123, 124, 127, 128, 132, 133–36, 143, 188, 689
and T.E.’s father, 116–17, 123–24, 126, 130, 133, 143, 389, 666
and T.E.’s letters, 148–51, 163–64, 169, 170–71, 177–78, 188–89, 190–91, 209, 239, 264–65, 322, 491
and T.E.’s notoriety, 640, 666
T.E.’s relationship with, 124, 129, 130, 134, 142, 143, 145, 146–47, 151, 171, 183, 201, 226, 228, 477, 490–91, 584–85, 587
Lawrence, T. E., 665
aging of, 655–57, 658
in Arab garb, 21–22, 54, 95, 107, 108, 109–10, 215–16, 222, 300–301, 323, 341, 356, 382, 426, 452, 463, 465, 481, 596, 610, 623, 671
archaeology as interest of, 136, 141–42, 144, 163, 182, 183, 185–86, 191–95, 201, 204, 210, 214, 221, 224, 225, 240–41
architecture as interest of, 149, 167, 177
as author, see Lawrence, T. E., writings of
biographers of, 118, 140n, 142, 145, 151, 159, 170, 174–75, 188, 302, 321, 385, 442, 500, 564, 582n, 611, 624–25, 662, 664–65, 683, 687–90, 694–96
birth of, 118, 120, 127, 152
castles as interest of, 27–28, 29, 137, 149, 152, 167, 186, 198, 202
celebrity of, 443, 492, 540, 556, 635–40, 643, 648, 649, 651–52, 658, 659, 667, 673–74, 679, 683, 684, 686–87, 688
childhood of (as “Ned”), 117, 127–31, 133–35, 137
civilian dress of, 516, 523
Clouds Hill cottage of, 581, 587, 594, 595, 666, 672, 673–74
and corporal punishment, 583–89, 657
danger as addictive to
, 175–76
death and funeral of, 8, 637, 676–81
diet of, 415n
diplomacy skills of, 404–5, 515–20, 524–30, 695, 696
diverse interests of, 137, 144, 147–48
emotions controlled by, 477, 522, 571, 610
escape sought by, 478, 569, 571, 577, 626–27, 637, 659, 697, 698
friendships of, 210–12, 508, 589–90, 597, 608–10, 644–46, 656, 670–71, 695, 696
health problems of, 71, 72–74, 83–84, 170, 173, 198, 201, 202, 216, 217, 229, 289, 529
height of, 140, 665
hero status as goal of, 7, 61, 118–19, 139, 142, 144, 158, 163, 297, 377, 571, 573, 593, 610, 623, 686
illegitimacy of, 118, 135, 138–39, 144, 170, 471, 535, 570, 666, 689
injuries to, 139–40, 173–75, 218, 342–51, 601–2, 616
Irishness claimed by, 666–67
language facility of, 137, 147–48, 167, 178, 186, 187, 196, 197, 198–99, 234, 258
and “Lawrence of Arabia” legend, 87, 95, 109, 113, 296, 297, 355–56, 388, 443, 479–82, 493–94, 496, 570, 623, 662, 684, 686, 695–97
marriage proposed by, 159–61, 658
memorials to, 683–84, 685
mental anguish and depression of, 375–78, 379, 396, 400, 491–92, 528, 538, 565, 569, 574, 579–80, 590–91, 602
military career of, see Lawrence, T. E., in British military
miracle cures produced by, 196, 216, 219
and money matters, 501–4, 513, 529–30, 538, 592, 602, 613–14, 628, 667
and motorcycles, 559, 574, 581, 590, 595, 608, 609–10, 609, 612–13, 618, 640, 643–44, 659, 666, 676–77, 678
names adopted by, 125, 126, 542, 577–78, 627n
obituary of, 671
as outsider, 6, 26, 95, 138, 147, 156, 251, 297, 389, 403, 404, 433, 492, 522–23, 536, 662, 673
at Oxford, see Oxford University
parents of, see Lawrence, Sarah; Lawrence, Thomas
at Paris Peace Conference, 96, 137, 210, 439–40, 452–53, 457, 459, 462, 471–74, 476, 485, 698
personal traits of, 6–7, 11, 25–26, 44, 69, 73, 79, 87, 93–94, 96, 107, 111, 131, 138, 145, 158, 182, 188, 201, 219–20, 227, 295, 302–3, 321, 409, 470–71, 480–81, 516, 560, 570, 571, 589–90, 608, 610, 645, 656, 659, 666–67, 695, 696
as photographer, 61–62, 103, 144, 558–59
portraits of, 397, 440, 441, 504, 671, 684, 685
portrayals on stage or screen, 385, 495n, 690–94
as prankster, 161–62, 208, 392, 471, 491
a price on his head, 82, 91, 93, 96, 295, 332, 351, 358, 465, 481
racial intolerance of, 223
reading lists of, 28, 45, 205–6, 217–18, 401, 552, 630
recognition and praise sought by, 505, 555, 614
riding camels, 22–23, 27
running away from home and joining the army (as teenager), 145–48
scholarly research on life of, 694–96